Abstract: The present invention generally relates to alcohol-terminated polyisobutylene (PIB) compounds, and to a process for making such compounds. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to primary alcohol-terminated polyisobutylene compounds, and to a process for making such compounds. In still another embodiment, the present invention relates to polyisobutylene compounds that can be used to synthesize polyurethanes, to polyurethane compounds made via the use of such polyisobutylene compounds, and to processes for making such compounds. In yet another embodiment, the present invention relates to primary alcohol-terminated polyisobutylene compounds having two or more primary alcohol termini and to a process for making such compounds. In yet another embodiment, the present invention relates to primary terminated polyisobutylene compounds having two or more primary termini selected from amine groups or methacrylate group.

Abstract: A cleaning composition according to one embodiment includes a surfactant system comprising a nonionic surfactant in combination with an anionic surfactant; and an amine neutralized organic acid (ANOA). A concentrated composition according to yet another embodiment includes an amine neutralized organic acid (ANOA) present in an effective amount to lower a freezing point of the concentrated composition, wherein the ANOA is present at no more than about 5 wt % based on a total weight of the concentrated composition. A concentrated cleaning composition in yet another embodiment includes a surfactant system having an invert structure, the surfactant system comprising a nonionic surfactant in combination with an anionic surfactant; an organic acid present in a concentration of greater than 0 to about 5 wt % based on a total weight of the cleaning composition; and an alkaline component. Methods of making are also disclosed.

Abstract: A two component adhesive system is described. The first component of the system is made from a sulfonated lignin having at least one amine group containing side arm and at least one hydroxyl group containing side arm. The second component of the system is made from a sulfonated lignin having at least one chloroformate group containing side arm.

Abstract: A system for producing emulsions includes a liquid supply system, an emulsification system in liquid connection with the liquid supply system to receive a first liquid and a second liquid from the liquid supply system while in operation to be used to produce an emulsion therefrom, and a surfactant recovery system connected to the emulsification system to receive the emulsion when produced from the first and second liquids. The second liquid is immiscible with the first liquid, and the surfactant recovery system recovers at least a portion of surfactant from the emulsion when the emulsion is received from the emulsification system.

Abstract: A method for cleaning an oil spill in a marine environment includes forming a particle-stabilized emulsion containing seawater, carbon black and at least one oil spill component and allowing the at least one oil spill component to degrade, thereby removing said component from the marine environment. Carbon black can be added to an oil-seawater mixture to form a stabilized emulsion containing at least one oil spill component and the oil spill component allowed to degrade, thereby removing the at least one oil spill component from the oil spill. Also disclosed is an emulsion that includes one or more oil spill components, seawater and carbon black particles.

Abstract: A method for processing a substrate in a plasma processing chamber is provided. The substrate is disposed above a chuck and surrounded by an edge ring. The edge ring is electrically isolated from the chuck. The method includes providing RF power to the chuck. The method also includes providing a tunable capacitance arrangement. The tunable capacitance arrangement is coupled to the edge ring to provide RF coupling to the edge ring, resulting in the edge ring having an edge ring potential. The method further includes generating a plasma within the plasma processing chamber to process the substrate. The substrate is processed while the tunable capacitance arrangement is configured to cause the edge ring potential to be dynamically tunable to a DC potential of the substrate while processing the substrate.

Abstract: A method comprises providing a drilling fluid comprising: an aqueous fluid; and a microemulsion surfactant; and drilling a well bore in a subterranean formation comprising an oleaginous fluid using the drilling fluid, wherein the microemulsion surfactant forms a microemulsion with the oleaginous fluid within the well bore. In accordance with the method, the subterranean formation has a retained producibility greater than about 50%.

Abstract: Suspensions having additives for controlled dispersion including a solvent, an ion source, a particle source selected from a partially dissolving colloid or a non-dissolving colloid, and an additive where the additive is added to the solvent prior to the ion source and the particle source when the particle source is the partially dissolving colloid.

Abstract: Disclosed are ethylenically unsaturated amine salts of sulfonic, phosphoric and carboxylic acids. The salts are surface active agents which are useful in a variety of applications as primary and/or secondary surfactants. The salts are especially useful as surfactants in emulsion polymerization reactions.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of alkyl amido quaternary ammonium salts, and formulations thereof, as thickening agents in aqueous based fluids, especially those used in oil field applications. The quaternary ammonium salts of the present invention exhibit improved gelling characteristics.

Abstract: A novel emulsion comprising a material which is stabilised by a polymer resin precursor having interface active molecules incorporated therein by reaction from poorly or non-surface active materials is disclosed. The process for producing such emulsions is likewise disclosed.

Abstract: A quaternary surfactant comprising a cyclic diamine group, compositions comprising the quaternized amido cyclic amine surfactant, a gelled aqueous composition comprising the quaternized amido cyclic amine surfactant, use of the gelled aqueous well treatment applications and methods of preparation and intermediates used to prepare the quaternized amido cyclic amine surfactant.

Abstract: An emulsifier mixture comprising an emulsifier I of the formula in which X is O, S, CH2, NH or NR7, one or two of the radicals R1 to R6 are a group SO3?K? and the remainder of R1 to R6 are H or a C1-C18 alkyl group, R7 is a C1-C18 alkyl group and K is a countercation, an emulsifier II of the formula R8—O—(Z?O)n—SO3?K? in which the variables have the following meanings: R8: C1-C18 alkyl Z: CH2—CH2 or n: an integer from 1 to 50 K: a cation, and a nonionic emulsifier III.

Abstract: A novel emulsion comprising a material which is stabilized by a polymer resin precursor having interface active molecules incorporated therein by reaction from poorly or non-surface active materials is disclosed. The process for producing such emulsions is likewise disclosed.

Abstract: An aqueous 1-component composition which forms a resilient silicone network on drying and is obtained by reaction, at a temperature of at least 40° C., of I) a surfactant-stabilized dispersion of a highly crosslinked silicone compound which carries reactive groups which are selected from silanol, hydrocarbon-oxy and silanolate groups with II) a surfactant-stabilized emulsion of optionally precrosslinked silicone oil which carries reactive groups which are selected from silanol, hydrocarbon-oxy and silanolate groups.

Abstract: Disclosed are ethylenically unsaturated amine salts of sulfonic, phosphoric and carboxylic acids. The salts are surface active agents which are useful in a variety of applications as primary and/or secondary surfactants. The salts are especially useful as surfactants in emulsion polymerization reactions.

Abstract: In order to easily and effectively polymerize an organosiloxane and produce a polyorganosiloxane latex from which the organosiloxane monomer does not emerge and which has a weight-average diameter controlled to under 0.4 &mgr;m, a paste is polymerized which contains at least a cyclic organosiloxane, a surface active agent, an initiator, and water, and which is an emulsified dispersion of the cyclic organosiloxane, in which the water content is in a proportion of 1 to 66 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the cyclic organosiloxane. A latex obtained by diluting the thus-obtained polymerized paste has excellent liquid stability. The above paste, which is an emulsified dispersion of the cyclic organosiloxane, can be produced by mixing the organosiloxane, the surface active agent, the initiator, and the water together in an emulsifying and dispersing machine, and dispersing therein.

Abstract: Disclosed are ethylenically unsaturated amine salts of sulfonic, phosphoric and carboxylic acids. The salts are surface active agents which are useful in a variety of applications as primary and/or secondary surfactants. The salts are especially useful as surfactants in emulsion polymerization reactions.

Abstract: Aqueous metal working fluids containing a water-soluble mist suppressing copolymer are disclosed. The copolymer includes styrene or hydrocarbyl-substituted styrene hydrophobic monomers and hydrophilic monomers. Optionally, the metal working fluid can be an oil-in-water emulsion.

Abstract: An oil-in-water emulsion composition comprising 0.5% to 20% by weight of a cationic emulsifier, up to 75% by weight of siloxane and water, wherein the siloxane is liquid and has units according to the formula Ra Si O4−a/2 wherein R is hydrocarbon or OH and a is 0 to 3 and wherein the cationic emulsifier is free from halogen in its counter ion, preferably methosulphate, etho-sulphate, acetate, tosylate, phosphate or nitrate. The siloxane preferably has a viscosity at 25° C. of from 10,000 to 1,000,000 mPa.s and is selected from polydimethyl siloxanes and polydimethyl polymethyl phenyl siloxanes. Also covered is a process of depositing siloxanes from such siloxanes.

Abstract: An organic silicon compound emulsion for quickly imparting excellent water-repellent properties to the surfaces of porous inorganic base materials such as concrete, mortar, and masonry. The emulsion is prepared by the steps of emulsifying a mixture consisting of (A) an organoalkoxysilane, (B) an organopolysiloxane having in its molecule at least 2 alkoxy groups or hydroxyl groups bonded to a silicon atom, (C) an anionic emulsifying agent, and (D) water, and heat aging the emulsion at a temperature below 100° C. In another embodiment, the method comprises the steps emulsifying a mixture of the components (A) to (D) and adding an acidic or alkaline substance to the emulsion. In a third embodiment, the method comprises the steps of forming a mixture consisting of the components (A) to (D), adding an acidic or alkaline substance thereto, and performing the emulsification thereafter.

Abstract: A pourable aqueous composition for use as, or for dilution to form, a drilling mud comprises a least 2% by weight of a water soluble polyvalent metal salt of an alkyl polyoxyalkylene sulphuric or carboxylic acid, and at least 1% by weight of a corresponding salt of an alkyl benzene sulphuric acid, preferably in the presence of a water soluble inorganic salt or base of said polyvalent metal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a wood-impregnating agent, which is an emulsion, dispersion or solution of a cationic, quaternary, amphoteric and/or special non-ionic surfactant, the surfactant or surfactants being poorly soluble in water and the dispersion or emulsion having a mean particle size diameter or a mean droplet size diameter smaller than 1 .mu.m. Preferable surfactants include cationic and/or quaternary surfactants or compounds from the group of imidazolines, benzyls, alkyls, dialkyls, monoalkyl-trimethyl, dialkyl-dimethyl, methyl-dialkoxy-alkyl, dialkylmethylbenzyl, diamidoamine and/or cationic and/or quaternary surfactants or compounds from the group of complex diquaternary compounds and/or the group of compounds which assume a cationic character in acid medium and/or non-ionic compounds from the group of fatty amine oxides, amine ethoxylate, and/or adducts of an ethylene oxide, which can be protonated on an heteroatom and/or amphoteric compounds from the group of betaines and/or ampholytes.

Abstract: Aqueous structured surfactants, e.g., lamellar, or preferably spherulitic systems optionally containing suspended solids are used as functional fluids, such as drilling fluids, cutting fluids, hydraulic fluids, heat transfer fluids, construction muds and lubricants. A composition consisting essentially of: water; a surfactant or mixture of surfactants present in a concentration sufficient to form a mobile spherulitic or dispersed lamellar phase in the absence of an electrolyte; and a substantially water insoluble functional material, suspended in the composition, the composition being substantially free from electrolyte.

Abstract: An improvement is described in microemulsion compositions which are especially effective in disinfecting the surface being cleaned and in the removal of oily and greasy soil without leaving streaks which contains a mixture of a nonionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant and an amphoteric surfactant, a hydrocarbon ingredient, natural disinfectant ingredients, a water soluble solvent, and water.