Abstract: The present invention provides a resist under layer film composition containing a novolak resin having a repeating unit shown by the formula (1) and either or both of a novolak resin having a repeating unit shown by the formula (2) and a bisnaphthol derivative shown by the formula (3). There is provided a resist under layer film composition that is excellent in filling property, generates little outgas, and has excellent dry etching resistance and heat resistance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a surfactant composition containing a cationic surfactant (hereinafter referred to as a compound (A)), one or more compounds (hereinafter referred to as a compound (B)) selected from anionic aromatic compounds and bromide compounds and a cationic polymer (C), wherein compound (A) and (B) are selected when meeting the following condition: a combination of the compounds (A) and (B) ensures that that the viscosity (20° C.) of a solution prepared by mixing an aqueous solution SA of the compound (A) and an aqueous solution SB of the compound (B) in the same ratio is at least two times the viscosity of any one of the aqueous solutions (20° C.) before being mixed.

Abstract: A slurry rheology modifier comprises a first water-soluble low-molecular compound [referred to hereinafter as compound (A)] and a second water-soluble low-molecular compound [referred to hereinafter as compound (B)] being different from the compound (A), wherein the viscosity of an aqueous solution at 20° C. prepared by mixing an aqueous solution SA (with a viscosity at 20° C. of 100 mPa·s or less) of compound (A) with an aqueous solution SB (with a viscosity at 20° C. of 100 mPa·s or less) of compound (B) in the ratio of 50/50 by weight can be at least twice as high as the viscosity of either aqueous solution before mixed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dispersant and foaming agent combination that is useful in the production of gypsum wallboard and other aqueous cementitious products. The dispersant in the combination according to the invention is a naphthalene sulfonate-aldehyde condensate alkali salt polymer having a weight average molecular weight of from about 17,000 to about 47,000. The alkali is preferably an alkali metal and/or an alkaline earth metal. The aldehyde is preferably formaldehyde. The foaming agent used in the combination according to the invention is a soap, preferably an alkali salt of an alkyl ether sulfate and/or an alkyl sulfate. The combination of a high molecular weight dispersant and a foaming agent produces a gypsum wallboard core effect that more efficiently entrains air (i.e., creates void space), thereby lowering overall board weight without detrimentally affecting strength.

Abstract: Aqueous metal working fluids containing a water-soluble mist suppressing copolymer are disclosed. The copolymer includes styrene or hydrocarbyl-substituted styrene hydrophobic monomers and hydrophilic monomers. Optionally, the metal working fluid can be an oil-in-water emulsion.

Abstract: Emulsions and microemulsions containing particles of siloxane polymers are prepared by an emulsion polymerization process involving (i) the formation of a mixture by combining a siloxane oligomer, an ionic surfactant, no nonionic surfactant, and water; (ii) agitating the mixture without using high shearing forces (homogenization) to form droplets of oligomer prior to polymerization that have an average diameter of greater than 10 micron/10,000 nanometer; (iii) adding a siloxane polymerization catalyst to the oligomer mixture; (iv) agitating the mixture without using high shearing forces; (v) polymerizing the oligomer to form new particles of polymer; and (vi) continuing step (v) until the polymer has increased in viscosity or molecular weight.

Abstract: A cationic rosin-in-water emulsion which has been prepared without intermediate isolation of an anionic rosin-in-water emulsion and in which the dispersed rosin phase is stabilized by a cationic polymer derived from a degraded starch, said polymer having a degree of substitution of at least 0.15 quaternary groups per glucose unit.

Abstract: The present invention is a composition comprising either: a) a high internal phase ratio emulsion having water as a continuous phase and a thermoplastic hydroxy-functional polyether as a disperse phase; or b) a stable aqueous dispersion of the thermoplastic hydroxy-functional polyether. The composition of the present invention addresses a need in the art by providing a thermoplastic coating that exhibits an excellent barrier to oxygen and carbon dioxide, but which barrier properties are not adversely affected by contact with water. The composition is particularly useful in the paper packaging industry where biodegradability and resistance to spoilage of food is desirable.

Abstract: Salts of sulphonic acids of high molecular weight with alkyl groups derived from normal olefins, preferably normal C.sub.3 to C.sub.6 olefins and more preferably normal butene are used as emulsifiers in oil water systems particularly in oil in water emulsions such as microemulsions and white or milky emulsions.