Abstract: An additive for producing positive active compositions for lead accumulators based on finely divided 4-basic lead sulphate having an average particle size of less than about 3 ?m and also finely divided silica, where the additive additionally contains red lead (2PbO.PbO2), is described. The finely divided silica prevents, in particular, agglomeration of the particles of the 4-basic lead sulphate, while the red lead leads to an optimized distribution of all constituents of the additive in the battery paste. The use of red lead also gives a cost advantage. Despite the replacement of part of the 4-basic lead sulphate by red lead, the properties achieved in the later use in battery operation are no worse. Thus, the batteries display, for example, improved charging behavior and a higher high-current discharging stability.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersion containing a metal oxide powder with a fine fraction and a coarse fraction, in which—the metal oxide powder is silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, cerium oxide or a mixed oxide of two or more of the aforementioned metal oxides,—the fine fraction is present in aggregated form and has a mean aggregate diameter in the dispersion of less than 200 nm,—the coarse fraction consists of particles with a mean diameter of 1 to 20 ?m, —the ratio of fine fraction to coarse fraction is 2:98 to 30:70, and—the content of metal oxide powder is 50 to 85 wt. %, referred to the total amount of the dispersion. The aqueous dispersion is produced by a process comprising the steps:—production of a fine fraction dispersion by dispersing the pulverulent fine fraction in water by means of an energy input of at least 200 KJ/m3?, and—introducing the coarse fraction in the form of a powder into the fine fraction dispersion under dispersing conditions at a low energy input.

Abstract: It is to provide a sol useful as a component of a hard coating agent to be applied on the surface of a plastic lens or useful for other applications, and its production process. A sol containing modified metal oxide particles which comprise, as nuclei, colloidal particles (A) being stannic oxide particles or composite particles comprising stannic oxide particles and zirconium oxide particles, containing these oxides in a weight ratio of ZrO2:SnO2 of from 0:1 to 0.50:1 and having particle sizes of from 4 to 50 nm, and as a coating covering the surface of the nuclei, alkylamine-containing Sb2O5 colloidal particles, an oligomer thereof or a mixture thereof (B1), or composite colloidal particles comprising diantimony pentaoxide and silica, an oligomer thereof or a mixture thereof (B2), in a weight ratio of (B)/(A) of from 0.01 to 0.50 based on the weights of the metal oxides, and have particle sizes of from 4.5 to 60 nm. A coating composition containing a silicon-containing substance and the above particles.

Abstract: There is provided a stable sol comprising modified stannic oxide-zirconium oxide complex colloidal particles, wherein the particles are formed by coating as nuclei stannic oxide-zirconium oxide complex colloidal particles in which stannic oxide colloidal particles obtained by a reaction of metal tin, an organic acid and hydrogen peroxide is bonded to zirconium oxide colloidal particles with tungsten oxide-stannic oxide-silicon dioxide complex colloidal particles. The sol has a high refractive index and is improved in water resistance, moisture resistance and weather resistance, and can be used by mixing with a hard coating paint as a component for improving properties of a hard coating film applied on a plastic lens surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a metal oxide particle comprising tin atom, zinc atom, antimony atom and oxygen atom, having a molar ratio SnO2:ZnO:Sb2O5 of 0.01–1.00:0.80–1.20:1.00 and having a primary particle diameter of 5 to 500 nm; and a process for producing the metal oxide particle comprising the steps of: mixing a tin compound, a zinc compound and an antimony compound in a molar ratio SnO2:ZnO:Sb2O5 of 0.01–1.00:0.80–1.20:1.00; and calcining the mixture at a temperature of 300 to 900° C. The metal oxide particle is used for several purposes such as antistatic agents, UV light absorbers, heat radiation absorbers or sensors for plastics or glass, etc.

Abstract: Comb polymers are used as dispersants to increase the stability of colloidal suspensions containing multivalent or high concentrations of monovalent ions. Stabilized colloidal suspensions and methods of forming stabilized colloidal suspensions are described, including suspensions containing ceramic precursors or bioactive agents useful in forming ceramic substrates or pharmaceutical compositions, respectively.

Abstract: A stable modified metal oxide sol which contains from 2 to 50 wt %, as calculated as metal oxides, of particles (c) comprising colloidal particles (a) of a metal oxide having primary particle diameters of from 2 to 60 nm, as nuclei, and a coating material (b) consisting of colloidal particles of an acidic oxide coated on the surface of the particles (a), and which has primary particle diameters of from 2 to 100 nm.

Abstract: A micelle dispersion containing hydrophobic particles, conductive particles and a surfactant of a ferrocene derivative dispersed in an aqueous medium. The surfactant of a ferrocene derivative in an equilibrium concentration contains an oxidized compound in a concentration of 40 &mgr;g/ml or less and a reduced compound in a concentration of 50 to 300 &mgr;g/ml. A process for producing a micelle dispersion including dispersing hydrophobic particles, conductive particles and a surfactant of a ferrocene derivative in an aqueous medium, where an oxidized compound in the surfactant of a ferrocene derivative is removed with at least one of an ion exchange resin and a reducing agent. A color filter can be produced in excellent yield without color overlapping by using the micelle dispersion and the process provides the micelle dispersion.

Abstract: An optical element having, on an optical substrate, a cured film formed of a coating agent containing (A) modified stannic oxide-zirconium oxide composite colloid particles as prepared by coating at least a part of the surfaces of stannic oxide-zirconium oxide composite colloid particles with stannic oxide-tungsten oxide-silicon oxide composite colloid particles, and (B) an organosilicon compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for forming a transparent conductive thin film of In2O3—SnO2 on a surface of a plastics substrate of less heat resistance other than that of glass, ceramics, etc. When an In2O3—SnO2 precursor sol is produced by hydrolyzing and polymerizing a solution containing indium alkoxide and tin alkoxide, either tri-s-butoxyindium or tri-t-butoxyindium is used as the indium alkoxide. Water is added to the solution containing indium alkoxide and tin alkoxide at a temperature of not higher than −20° C.