Abstract: A prefabricated wall system used in constructing a structure, the system including a wall segment configured to be lightweight and easily handled manually while constructing the structure, and a securing system configured to secure the wall segment in place on the structure.

Abstract: An intrusion-prevention enclosure comprising a plurality of modular panels, which can be mutually associated in an orderly and predefined manner so as to provide a barrier structure, comprising a plurality of elastically deformable U-shaped connectors, which can be associated with at least one pair of adjacent uprights of at least two converging panels, in order to arrange the panels mutually adjacent and lock them stably and detachably.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of constructing a foundation substructure and a building involving pouring concrete between resilient sheets of insulating material, preferably polystyrene, so as to form a complete concrete shell.

Abstract: A structural thermal framing and panel system for assembling finished or unfinished walls with multiple combinations for poured and nonpoured walls. The system includes a permanent structural framing stud which can be adjusted to different wall thickness, a plurality of permanent forms, wherein the pluralities of permanent forms are interchangeable with various other permanent panel forms with or without defined spaces for receiving filler. The framing stud substantially conforms to a portion of the pluralities of panel forms and resists bending in the panel forms. The framing stud is the main structural element in the wall. A structural framing system in combination with insulated panel forms with various defined spaces for receiving filler, and wherein panels may not be prefinished to form a rigid substrate.

Abstract: A wall system suitable for use in applications such as a fence or a wall of a building which comprises posts and panels which are interconnected or interengaged so that the wall may comprise a series of inline panels or corners formed by two panels and a single post, the interconnection or interengagement of the panels being effected without use of mechanical fasteners, glue, welding, or similar modes of attachment.

Abstract: A metal half wall is provided, with the wall including a lower track, an upper track and a series of spaced apart studs extending between the two tracks. A connector is disposed adjacent each stud for connecting the stud to the lower track and to a support structure lying underneath the lower track. Each connector includes an elongated member having opposite end portions. One end portion includes a turned end plate that extends generally perpendicular with respect to the elongated member. In the half wall, a connector is disposed directly adjacent a respective stud. So disposed, the elongated member extends upwardly next to an adjacent stud and the end plate extends over the lower track. A series of fasteners are connected between the elongated member and the adjacent stud, and between the end plate and the underlying lower track and support structure.

Abstract: An elongate flexible track is flexibly positionable from an initial straight configuration to a non-straight configuration having a horizontal, vertical or compound curvature in which it is lockable with locking elements. The track has a plurality of stud receiving components each being formed with a horizontal base wall having a longitudinal edge and a transverse edge, a side wall on a first side of the track and a side wall on a second side of the track, the side walls extending vertically from respective longitudinal edges of the base wall. The base and side walls define a space in which a stud end of an elongate stud can be mounted. Adjacent stud receiving components are joined by linking elements which include pivot elements about which the linking elements are adjustable in one or more directions. At least one locking elements passage is provided on each side of the track.

Abstract: A curved metal track for receiving a series of metal studs and forming a part of a curved metal wall. The track comprises a plurality of sections with each section being pivotally connected to an adjacent section. Structurally each section comprises a base plate having opposed first and second end portions. Formed in the first end portion is a slit or opening. The second end portion of each section is adapted to be inserted into the slit or opening of an adjacently disposed section. A pivot connector is utilized to pivotally connect the first end portion of one section with the second end portion of another section. There is also provided a pair of opposed stud tabs that extend normal to the base plate and which are adapted to be secured to the sides of a stud. By pivotally connecting the individual sections of the track, the track can be curved and accordingly can be configured to form a part of a curved metal wall.

Abstract: A supporting framework for a craneway for at least one crane which travels on at least one track, especially for a bridge crane which travels on two tracks, includes a track carrier elongated in a track direction and having at least one carrier section of reinforced concrete, preferably of prestressed concrete. A system of pillars includes reinforced concrete pillars, whose upper ends in each case support the carrier sections via a top component and whose lower ends are in each case anchored in the soil via a base component. An adjustable bearing in the area of the top component and/or of the base component in at least some of the pillars allows adjusting the track carrier according to the desired course of the track.

Abstract: The present invention foundation kit is generally comprised of prefabricated modular components and hardware, which can be used for easily and efficiently constructing a foundation for a moderately sized building such as a house. In another aspect, the present invention kit can be seen as embodying a variety of optional modular components that can be used for constructing steps, landings, and/or decks. In still another aspect the present invention can be seen from the perspective of the methods used in fabricating the components of the kit and for constructing a significant portion of a building from the kit including the kit's associated optional components. In another embodiment the kit is designed to have prefabricated modular wall panels that could be used in the construction of a building having a concrete slab base or foundation.

Abstract: A foundation haunch assembly used for attachment to a foundation wall and a method of making the haunch assembly using a concrete block machine. The haunch assembly includes a concrete haunch having an upper portion, a center portion and a lower portion. The upper portion of the haunch includes a flat top surface adapted for receiving a portion of a pre-cast concrete slab, stairs, stoops, poured in place concrete slab or other building structure thereon. Also, the upper portion includes an internal horizontal metal support rod along the length thereof. One end of the support rod is threaded to one end of a threaded coupling. The foundation haunch assembly also includes a variable length foundation bolt with a threaded end threaded into an opposite end of the threaded coupling. The foundation bolt is adapted for receipt through a hole in a portion of a vertical foundation wall. An opposite threaded end of the foundation bolt is attached to a nut.

Abstract: A self-supporting shearwall structure in the form of an “H,” an “I,” or a “C” is disclosed. The shearwall structure provides vertical and lateral support to the framework of a multi-story building sufficient to support the roof, other exterior and/or interior walls, and intermediate floor loads of the building, as well as the wind load of the building. In the preferred embodiment, the wall structure is made primarily of reinforced concrete, preferably comprising pre-cast concrete panels. The panels are placed end to end on their edge on the first (or lowest) floor of the building and joined to the building's foundation and to at least one other horizontally adjoining panel. The structure is made higher by adding an additional row of panels horizontally aligned at vertical support points and placed on their edge on top of the row of panels that has already been formed such that each subsequent row of panels is supported on and grouted to the prior row.

Abstract: A novel prefabricated shearwall is disclosed with improved structural characteristics in terms of its ability to 1) transfer lateral loads to the foundation, 2) resist bending moments normally arising in conventional shearwalls between hold-down hardware and end posts or vertical framing members, 3) effectively diffuse stresses known to result in nail fatigue, and 4) reduce slippage between the bottom of the end posts and base in response to cyclic loadings. These superior properties result partly from its geometry in lower, or shear force transfer region, accompanied by thrust block/anchor rod assemblies to provide stiffness and strength over the lower portion of the end posts. Furthermore, specialized wrap-around connector plates that cover a portion of the bottom surface of these end posts also contribute to the enhanced prefabricated shearwall design.

Abstract: A substantially preassembled modular frame system for erecting permanent school buildings. The system design, materials, and construction have been pre-approved by state inspectors. The system provides a roof that is extensible from a low position that is configured to permit the system to be transported on highways and fit under common overpasses and bridges to a pitched position that provides a sloped roof profile to improve insulation factors of completed buildings and better shed rain, snow, and debris. The system includes anchor assemblies that are rigidly connected to the frame to inhibit uplift forces acting on the building from distorting or dislodging the building from the foundation. The system also includes preassembled wall panels and a convenient mechanism for emplacing and securing the wall panels within the modular frames.

Abstract: A building structure formed from modular building elements, which include first modular building elements (1,9) having socket beam interconnection means (2), second modular building elements (13,14,15) and socket beams (7, 11) having first modular building element interconnection means (6); whereby a socket beam (7,11) forms an interconnection with at least one first modular building element (1,9) and at least one second modular building element (13, 14, 15) associates with a socket beam (7,11) and first modular building element interconnection, a socket beam (7,11) and at least one first modular building element (1,9) and at least one second modular building element (13,14,15) forming a configuration unit, the configuration unit being repeatable one atop the other, and being repeatable in a side-by-side fashion, a first modular building element associating or abutting with adjacent first modular building elements, a second modular building elements associating or abutting with adjacent second modular buildin

Abstract: A method for interlocking building panels that have a channel integrally formed in and substantially coextensive with each panel edge so that abutting panel edges form a generally vertical joint post channel and adjacent panel edges form a generally horizontal beam channel, atop a poured foundation or other supporting structure to fabricate a building wall, which includes the steps of: placing into the supporting structure at the point on the supporting structure where the joint post channels are formed between abutting panels, a first rebar that extends at least partially into the joint post channel; inserting a second rebar into the joint post channel so that a first end is juxtaposed with the extending end of the first rebar, and a second, opposite end extends from the joint post channel; bending the second, extending end of the second rebar so that once bent, it lies in the generally horizontal beam channel intersecting with the joint post channel; and, filling both the generally vertical joint post chann

Abstract: Lightweight, reinforced, non-biodegradable, tubular plastic footing form members and assemblies which may contain stake-engaging bores and/or are nailable to each other and/or to supporting stakes. The form members are water-repellant to resist absorbing and bonding to wet concrete compositions so that they can be removed and cleaned for repeated reuse. Alternatively they can be left in place, since they are inexpensive and non-biodegradable, and can support a porous drain conduit adjacent the formed footing.

Abstract: An assembly of concrete forms for use in the placement of concrete, the assembly having a pair of longitudinal form members and a ground engaging member that is in contact with at least one of the longitudinal form members. A first longitudinal form member slidably overlaps a second longitudinal form member such that the length of the combination of longitudinal form members is adjustable. Inverted U-shaped channels are provided at the top of each of the longitudinal form members which allow a male/female overlapping relationship and provide a location to receive the ground engaging member. A radius form member includes a longitudinal form member with a horizontal component or inverted U-shaped channel having successively spaced apart slots thereon, so that the radius form member is flexible. To create an angle, a corner forming bar is also provided for the assembly, extending between two of the longitudinal form members.

Abstract: A bi-directional sliding pendulum seismic isolation system for reducing seismic force acting on a structure by sliding pendulum movements each system comprising a lower sliding plate forming a sliding path in a first direction an upper sliding plate forming a sliding path in a second direction and a sliding assembly for reducing the seismic force of the structure by performing a pendulum motion by sliding along the lower and upper sliding plates.

Abstract: A dual function connector for connecting a foundation to a structural element to resist both tension and shear forces. The connector is preferably flat with a top section and a bottom section with the top section being askew to the bottom section. In use the bottom section of the dual function connector can be disposed in the concrete foundation proximate to an exterior surface thereof with the top section of the dual function connector extending from said foundation, the structural element can be disposed adjacent to the top section with the side face of said structural element lying in a first plane transverse to the exterior surface of the concrete foundation, and the side face of the structural element can be fastened to the top section of the dual function connector for resisting shear and tension forces.

Abstract: A process for the implementation of Civil Engineering works, swimming pools and water tanks in which, after digging in the grounds an excavation of suitable dimensions, are suitably set and wedged near the excavation walls, at a level on the bottom of the excavation and with the desired alignments, feet on which the elevated lower part of said panels will rest and be wedged, these feet having, on the outside of the work looking toward the grounds, a large opening above which are wedged chimneys that are fastened to the panels, a gully is set all around the outside of the work, above the chimneys and against the upper part of the panels, concrete or concrete mortar being poured into said gully to form the work upper clamping by filling up the chimneys and letting it overflow on the lower part of the panels, after having set inside the chimneys and in the upper gully the needed reinforcement irons, thus forming vertical pillars that will hold the work all around.

Abstract: Clamp 10 for connecting foundation system 50 to horizontal support beam 80 of a manufactured home includes a pair of members 20; each including a channel 24 for mounting members 20 opposite one another on bottom lateral flange 83 of beam 80. Lower portions 30 of members 20 are connected by bolt 40 such that tightening bolt 40 tilts members 20 and binds channels 24 on flange 83. Upper end 76 of foundation arm 70 is pivotally connected to bolt 40 between members 20. Thus, tightening single bolt 40 attaches foundation system 50 to beam 80.

Abstract: A foundation assembly for use with expansive soils. The assembly includes a slab form, such as metal pan, for receiving poured concrete, a structural slab cast into the form, and structural members, e.g., piers, footing pads, and the like, contacting and/or extending into the soil. An elongate support member, e.g., a rectangular concrete beam, is positioned on an upper support surface of the structural members so as to contact a lower surface of the slab form. In this manner, the support member supports the slab form and structural slab and defines a void space between the soil and the slab form without the use of biodegradable materials.

Abstract: A pier support system comprises a support pier with a load-spreading plate that is laterally braced at the top to an anchor plate pinned to the ground just under the periphery of a modular building. The support pier is placed directly under the support girders of the modular building at critical points, and the lateral bracing runs outboard at a down angle of 35°-55°. Sufficient working room exists just inside the periphery of the modular building for large pinning rods to be driven into the ground through the anchor plate.

Abstract: A building foundation sealing member is adapted to fit between a building frame and a building foundation wherein the building foundation includes an upper facing surface and the building frame has a surface disposed above and in opposed relation to the upper facing surface. The sealing member includes an elongated strip having oppositely facing upper and lower surfaces and oppositely facing edges extending between the upper and lower surfaces. A membrane is attached to one of the oppositely facing edges and includes oppositely projecting seal surfaces extending beyond the upper and lower strip surfaces. The membrane has an adhesive coating on the surface thereof facing forward the strip. One adhesive surface is adapted to be attached to the foundation and the other is adapted to be attached to the building frame.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for a weather shelter having a base, the base having a peripheral edge and being secured to the ground, a dome with a circumferential edge, wherein the dome fits completely over the base, the circumferential edge of the dome is located proximally to the peripheral edge of the base, and a doorway.

Abstract: An apparatus for building stem wall forms which can be easily deployed by a form laborer to set up stem wall forms at a building site. The apparatus is collapsible for easy deployment and removal from a stem wall form. The preferred embodiment is comprised of a collapsible rectangular center structure coupled to a board holder and a board support arranged in diagonal relation to each other. The board holder allows the apparatus to hang from a first form board and the board support allows a second form board to rest thereon. In use, the apparatus functions by holding opposing form boards of a stem wall form in a parallel relation to each other, so that the form boards can be staked and nailed into place. Once the form boards are staked in place, to create a stem wall form, the apparatus can be collapsed, and removed from the form to be reused again at another location.

Abstract: A foundation system for a manufactured home utilizing a plurality of elongated footings extending transversely of the home and support blocks which may be pushed along the footings into proper position for attachment to the structural beams of the manufactured home.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and apparatus for improving the connection between a building panel and a foundation. The improved connection is made possible by a unique form assembly that includes a trough assembly and a novel means for adequately supporting the trough assembly while the concrete is poured. The trough assembly creates a trough, which is an elongated hollow notch at the top of the foundation that resembles the shape of the trough assembly. Thus, the trough assembly is designed such that its width is approximately equal to the width of the building panel. The trough assembly also includes an angle iron affixed to the top of its sides. The trough assembly provides the building panel an elongated hollow groove having angle irons on each side. The prefabricated panel is therefor affixed to the angle irons. Placing the prefabricated panel in the foundation in such a manner and affixing it to the angle irons provides the panel with improved lateral and horizontal support.

Abstract: A substantially preassembled modular frame system for erecting permanent school buildings. The system design, materials, and construction have been pre-approved by state inspectors. The system provides a roof that is extensible from a low position that is configured to permit the system to be transported on highways and fit under common overpasses and bridges to a pitched position that provides a sloped roof profile to improve insulation factors of completed buildings and better shed rain, snow, and debris. The system includes anchor assemblies that are rigidly connected to the frame to inhibit uplift forces acting on the building from distorting or dislodging the building from the foundation. The system also includes preassembled wall panels and a convenient mechanism for emplacing and securing the wall panels within the modular frames.

Abstract: A building construction system including a pair of rigid vertical frame members secured to an underlying support surface, a connection trough defined between the vertical frame members, a horizontal suspension member also extending between the vertical frame members and suspended at generally a top portion thereof, and a plurality of corrugated material panels. The corrugated material panels are suspended from the horizontal suspension member, so as to hang between the vertical frame members and into the connection trough. Furthermore, the corrugated material panels include a plurality of apertures defined therein. A quantity of concrete is also included and is applied on the corrugated material panels, the apertures defined in the corrugated material panels facilitating adherence of the concrete to the corrugated material panels until hardening.

Abstract: A highly economical basement wall providing strength and comfort comparable to conventional basement wall structures includes a metal sill, a plurality of spaced apart metal wall studs, a metal decking secured to the plurality of metal wall studs, and a metal reinforcing stud welded to the plurality of metal wall studs. Each of the reinforcing studs is also welded to the sill and extends upwardly from the sill to a height of about 25% or less of the height of the metal wall studs.

Abstract: A bi-directional sliding pendulum seismic isolation system for reducing seismic force acting on a structure by sliding pendulum movements, each system comprising a lower sliding plate forming a sliding path in a first direction, an upper sliding plate forming a sliding path in a second direction, and a sliding assembly for reducing the seismic force of the structure by performing a pendulum motion by sliding along the lower and upper sliding plates.

Abstract: A building module, modular building constructions and methods for erected same are disclosed. The module is of deep U-shape configuration, defining a space which is able to enclose various facilities within a building structure. A typical module includes a raceway and internal conduit system for power and/or communications system etc. Preset-levelling and self-centering device provide for quick erection of the modules in a wide variety of arrays and configurations to provide exterior walls and to enclose and define interior space.

Abstract: The present invention is a pavement edging device consisting of an elongated extrusion having a flat bottom portion, said bottom portion having opposite first and second side edges. The extrusion also has a trough formed from first and second spaced apart parallel wall portions extending upwardly from the bottom portion between the first and second side edges. The wall portions have first and second top edges, respectively. The extrusion also has first and second flange portions formed on the bottom adjacent the first and second side edges, respectively. The first and second flange portions extend away from the first and second wall portions, respectively.

Abstract: A prefabricated wall system for free-standing subdivision partitions, highway sound and visual barriers, privacy walls, or walls of a building having a plurality of prefabricated modular panels that are removably interconnected and installed. Each panel is essentially a factory-built sandwich having an expanded plastic foam core between two composite reinforcing wafers. Each wafer is comprised of an inner layer of fiberglass coated with an exterior layer of concrete reinforced with a grid of steel bars. The foam core has a pair of vertical cylindrical voids sized and spaced to mate with foundation columns pre-poured on site. The ends of each panel are reinforced with a steel sling lifting assembly embedded in concrete that includes removable eyebolts at the top edge whereby the panels can be attached to cables at each end for hoisting above the foundation columns and then lowering into place. A vertical groove or trough at each end of the panels receives a connector, such an expansion joint filler.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the implementation of Civil Engineering works, swimming pools and water tanks in particular, and to means for its implementation.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and apparatus for improving the connection between a building panel and a foundation. The improved connection is made possible by a unique form assembly that includes a trough assembly and a novel means for adequately supporting the trough assembly while the concrete is poured. The trough assembly creates a trough, which is an elongated hollow notch at the top of the foundation that resembles the shape of the trough assembly. Thus, the trough assembly is designed such that its width is approximately equal to the width of the building panel. The trough assembly also includes an angle iron affixed to the top of its sides. The trough assembly provides the building panel an elongated hollow groove having angle irons on each side. The prefabricated panel is therefor affixed to the angle irons. Placing the prefabricated panel in the foundation in such a manner and affixing it to the angle irons provides the panel with improved lateral and horizontal support.

Abstract: Disclosed are a height-adjustable concrete mold supporting system and a method for constructing concrete floors and concrete walls, by which a concrete building can be easily and precisely constructed with enhanced cost-effectiveness. The system has a bottom bracket detachably disposed on a base member. First and second screw shafts are vertically assembled with the bracket. The first and the second screw shafts are movably inserted into first and second height adjusting tubes. A top mounting board is supported by the first and the second height adjusting tubes. The first and the second height adjusting tubes are fixed to the first and the second screw shafts so as to determine an adjusted space between the bracket and the mounting board.

Abstract: A building foundation sealing member is adapted to fit between a building frame and a building foundation wherein the building foundation includes an upper facing surface and the building frame has a surface disposed above and in opposed relation to the upper facing surface. The sealing member includes an elongated strip having oppositely facing upper and lower surfaces and oppositely facing edges extending between the upper and lower surfaces. A membrane is attached to one of the oppositely facing edges and includes oppositely projecting seal surfaces extending beyond the upper and lower strip surfaces. The membrane has an adhesive coating on the surface thereof facing forward the strip. One adhesive surface is adapted to be attached to the foundation and the other is adapted to be attached to the building frame.

Abstract: A pre-cast building system includes a plurality of modular, pre-cast components. There is an elongate footing component having an upwardly facing longitudinal channel and a longitudinal first keyway section formed therein. One end of the footing component carries a pocket and the opposite end carries an insertion member for interengaging the pocket of an adjacent, aligned footing component. An elongate foundation component is received in the channel. A lower edge of the foundation component includes a second, complementary keyway section that faces the first keyway section to form an elongate keyway that receives a bonding adhesive. An exterior wall component is interengaged with the opposite upper edge of the foundation wall component. A pair of opposing receptacles are formed respectively in the upper edge of the foundation component and the lower edge of the exterior wall component.

Abstract: A precast concrete wall panel and system using such panels, with each panel including a rectangular concrete frame having a flat outer side and a recessed inner side. On the perimeter of the panel and along the face of the recessed inner side, concrete ribs are cast for stiffness. The recessed inner side is embedded with an insulation batt. A strip of wood molding is provided on each inner longitudinal edge of the frame. Using this molding, dry wall may be conveniently fastened to the concrete panel to finish the inside wall surface. To form a wall, the panels are placed side by side. Joints between the panels coincide with reinforcement rods extending upwardly from the building foundation. Recesses in the sides of the panels create channels or keys through which the rods extend. Concrete is poured into the keys to secure the panels to each other and to the foundation. The wall panels are complemented with special components such as corner components, window frames and door frames.

Abstract: Footing forms border the bottom of an open space into which concrete may be poured. The forms are adjustable to various widths and lengths, and further provide support for commercially available foam wall forms that are used in concrete wall construction. The combination of adjustable footing forms with foam wall forms allows wall and footing to be poured together to form a monolithic concrete structure. The footing forms are adjustable to work in association with various standard and non-standard widths of foamed resin wall forms used in the building construction industry. The footing forms are fully removable from the concrete monolith, while leaving the foam wall forms with the cast concrete. Various corner components are also illustrated.

Abstract: A structural building panel including a composite truss member having transverse truss elements defining an undulated shape, and first and second composite skins, formed by a pultrusion process. A composite connector extends along a side edge of the panel, the connector including a tongue and a groove adjacent one another defining an inside face having an elongate aperture therein that extends parallel to the side edge. The connector may slidably engage with a similar connector on an adjacent panel, the tongues and groove interlocking such that the apertures together define a channel through which a rod-like locking member may be received. Composite connection systems are provided for connecting composite wall panels to a foundation and to connect composite roof panels to the wall panels. The connection systems include interlocking connectors having apertures for receiving locking members.

Abstract: This invention is a revolutionary building technique with multiple applications that addresses many known needs in a vast marketplace that far surpasses existing technology. Energy savings alone is an extremely important worldwide issue that has not been addressed by other building techniques today, as it should have been. Today, Americans are dependent upon the radical and unstable oil producing nations for our energy. This trend is unwise and extremely dangerous to the peace of our nation. Measures must be taken now to slow down the depletion of natural energy resources. This process is a cutting edge, innovative technological building system that produces the highest energy efficiency in addition to fire protection, termite protection, moisture protection, sound resistance and wind resistance possible at a cost comparable to wood, block or steel construction.

Abstract: A building is constructed employing a base plate adapter mounted by a base plate to the exposed end of a rod imbedded in a concrete pad. The base plate adapter has upright sidewalls enclosing a first insulated wall panel. The next upper wall panel is connected to the first wall panel by interlocking fasteners. Comer connectors have first and second U-shaped brackets enclosing a side portion of a wall panel and each bracket pivots with respect to each other. A roof connector joins a top portion of an insulated wall panel to a roof panel. The connector pivots so that the roof panel can be adjusted with respect to the wall panel until a final fixed position is achieved. A roof cap connector joins the top portion of meeting roof panels. The connector pivots until a final fixed position is achieved.

Abstract: A lateral bracing system for one or two story frame structures utilizing a sheet member having a first portion with first and second opposite edges spanning a pair of vertical supports in the structure. The sheet member includes a second portion which imbeds in the concrete foundation or pier. The sheet member may includes flanges to aid in the connection between the sheet member and the separated studs. The sheet member may extend from the foundation of the structure to the first and second stories of the structure to provide shear strength in the structure.

Abstract: A floor joist system including at least one girder having an upper surface, a plurality of joists interconnected with the girder, each joist having an upper surface, the upper surfaces of the girder and the joist being substantially coplanar, a plurality of individual flooring attachment elements attached to the upper surfaces of the girder and joists, the flooring attachment elements having a hardness which is less than the hardness of both the girder and joists, and flooring supported by the upper surfaces of the girder and joists through their respective flooring attachment elements, the flooring attached to the flooring attachment elements.

Abstract: A lateral force resisting system includes a rigid structural panel and holdowns. A foundation bolt placement template may be used to locate and support the foundation bolts during fabrication of the foundation and to further secure the frame foundation interface. The rigid structural panel may be a vertical truss or a rigid structural frame with a wooden panel covering one side and interconnecting the members of the rigid structural frame. The wooden panel may be made up of multiple panes to tailor the response of the panel to the lateral force load. The holdowns secure the rigid structural panel to the foundation bolts and may be either a folded strap and pin embodiment or self-tightening.

Abstract: A beam is joined to a column by the steps of setting upright a square sleeve formed by a steel material in the shape of a box and/or square cylinder to the center of the upper surface of a base plate formed by a steel material in the shape of a plate in a posture of extending an axis in a vertical direction to connect the square sleeve to the base plate by welding, placing the base plate to the upper surface of a constructed footing through anchor bolts, inserting the lower end of a square column pipe formed by a steel material in the shape of square pipe into the square sleeve on the upper surface side of the base plate, tying the square column pipe with the connecting bolts inserted into bolt holes provided in the square column pipe and also bolt holes provided at predetermined positions of the wall surface of the square sleeve, then bringing an end plate formed by a steel material into contact with the wall surface of the square sleeve by making it condition that the end plate is preliminarily welded as on