Abstract: A structural panel system formed from a substrate (such as cement board or paper) and structural metal studs (such as lightweight galvanized steel members), where the metal studs are embedded within an insulating core that is formed onto the substrate, where the metal studs are gapped from the inner surface of the substrate to prevent thermal energy from transferring from the substrate to the metal stud or vice versa. In addition, parallel assembly slots may be formed in the gap at the top and bottom ends of each panel assembly to provide connective access to the top and bottom ends of the metal studs for structural connection to the foundation at the bottom or other overhead structure at the top via connective components. The connective components include a bottom U-channel member and a top U-channel member that are configured to fit into the parallel assembly slots.

Abstract: A multi-layer cap shingle for installation along a ridge, hip, or rake of a roof includes a forward exposure area and a rear headlap area. The multi-layer cap shingle includes at least two layers of shingle material, a top layer and a bottom layer each having opposed edges. The layers are bonded together with patches of lamination adhesive adjacent their opposed edges. The bottom layer is configured with a deformation-absorbing mechanism such as a pair of slots extending from a forward edge rearwardly inboard of the lamination adhesive patches. When the multi-layer cap shingle is bent over a roof ridge, the slots of the bottom layer of shingle material narrow in width to account for the fact that the bottom layer must bend around an arc of slightly smaller radius than the top layer of shingle material.

Abstract: A step clip fastening device, the step clip fastening device comprising: an elongated base strip having a first end and a second end, wherein a female locking part is attached to the first end and a male locking part is attached to the second end; a plurality of step clip sets extending substantially perpendicularly upwards from the base strip, wherein each of the step clip set comprising at least two step clips arranged in a back-to-back configuration, wherein a step clip is attached at each of the first end and the second end of the base strip; an anchor protruded at a center of each of the step clip; and one or more tabs extending substantially perpendicularly downwards from the base strip between two corresponding step clips facing each other.

Abstract: An interior insulation system with moisture control for an exterior building wall has a first insulation element adapted for abutting the interior surface of the external wall; a second insulation element abutting said first insulation element; a vapour barrier covering the interior surface of the second insulation element; and a support structure below the first and second insulation elements and supporting said first and second insulation elements The support structure has a gutter profile having a cavity with an upper opening and at least one ventilation opening, and a third insulation element is provided in at least a portion of said cavity.

Abstract: A galley for an aircraft includes a frame having metal structural members having interior surfaces and panels coupled to and supported by the frame. Each panel has a core and a facesheet having an inner surface. The frame and the panels define a cart compartment configured to receive a galley cart. The interior surfaces of the metal structural members are interior of the inner surface of the corresponding facesheet. The galley includes a cooling system having a supply duct and a return duct along one or more of the panels in flow communication with the cart compartment configured to supply cooled airflow from a heat exchanger. The galley includes insulating panels located in the cart compartment covering the interior surfaces of the corresponding metal structural members.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for heat insulating a building surface with insulation boards, wherein each insulation board has two parallel main surfaces and four side surfaces connecting the two large surfaces, whereby the insulation boards are arranged adjacently on the building surface with each insulation board having a lowermost of the main surfaces facing the building surface, wherein each insulation board is divided into an upper part and a lower part with an interface that is substantially parallel with the two main surfaces, and wherein the method comprises the steps of arranging an insulation board on the building surface and then shifting the upper part of said insulation board a distance to at least partly cover a lower part of at least one neighbouring insulation board. The invention also concerns an insulation board for use in the method.

Abstract: An insulation board assembly includes an insulation board body that has a front face, a back face, a top edge, a bottom edge, and two side edges. The back face has a drainage channel extending from the top edge to the bottom edge. The drainage channel is recessed inward of the back face by a channel depth. A drainage insert is positioned in the drainage channel proximate the bottom edge of the insulation board body. The drainage insert has a front face, a top edge, a bottom edge, and two side edges. The drainage insert defines at least one interior drainage passage extending from the top edge of the drainage insert to the bottom edge of the drainage insert. A reinforcing mesh may be secured to the insulation board body. The insulation board body may consist substantially of mineral fibre insulation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a modular system for constructing a structure assembly. The system comprises first and second sidewall components each comprising a set of spaced-apart longitudinally oriented grooves disposed in a first face thereof. The system comprises a plurality of rib components, each rib component having a pair of elongated protrusions extending from opposing sides of the rib component and, each protrusion being shaped to matingly engage with at least the first portion of the groove to connect the first and second sidewall components along a face-to-face direction. The system further comprises two elongate key joint members matingly engaging with two respective additional sidewall components to connect the sidewall components with the additional sidewall components along a transverse direction perpendicular to the face-to-face direction in a side to side relationship.

Abstract: Provided is a deck panel for construction, including: two lateral side deck panels forming one side wall and the other side wall which are disposed oppositely, each of the two lateral side deck panels includes a lateral side deck plate, a lateral side truss girder which is disposed on the lateral side deck plate; and a coupling member fixing the two lateral side deck panel.

Abstract: Provided is a deck panel for construction, including: an upper side deck panel which includes an upper side deck plate, an upper side truss girder which is disposed on the upper side deck plate, and an upper side reinforcement part which is coupled to the upper side deck plate or the upper side truss girder; a lateral side deck panel which includes a lateral side deck plate, a lateral side truss girder which is disposed on the lateral side deck plate, and a lateral side reinforcement part which is coupled to the lateral side deck plate or the lateral side truss girder, and is disposed on at least one lateral side of the upper side deck panel; and a coupling member which fixes the upper side deck panel and the lateral side deck panel.

Abstract: Improvements in a roof ridge cover formed to give the appearance of multiple shingles. The roof ridge cover is fabricated with bend radius to ensure that the elongated base material is not stretched beyond the yield point of the material where it can rupture or split. The edges wrap around existing roof tiles to cover any damaged tiles and provide sufficient clearance of adjacent or abutting ridge covers. The cover is stone coated to provide similar appearance to the roof surface. The stone coatings provide surface protection, wear resistance and provide a gripping surface for installers or others that may walk on the roof surface. Optional venting material may be used under the cover to allow air to vent from the attic thereby allowing the attic to breath, but the vent must also be sufficiently dense enough to prevent insects and bugs from passing through the vent material.

Abstract: A connector arrangement for a wall panel system is provided which includes connector blocks that join serially-adjacent wall panel frames together in proper alignment with each other. These corner blocks also are matable with a system of spacer strips, light block strips, single-side trim covers and multi-side trim covers which enclose the connector blocks and connector structure. A corner spline arrangement is also provided between adjacent trim covers which spline extends vertically and defines a closed corner, right-angled corner between the interconnected trim covers.

Abstract: Concrete masonry unit blocks with recesses providing pockets sized to receive dimensional lumber components, enabling easy design and fabrication of block and lumber assemblies, typically using construction adhesive to bond the blocks to each other. Various dimensions and shapes of blocks are possible, as well as numerous shapes and sizes of pocket-forming recesses in the blocks. A wide variety of attractive and functional structures can be built with the blocks of this invention and widely-available dimensional lumber.

Abstract: A corner form panel used in an insulating concrete form system includes a hinged corner web member at least partially embedded in each of two segments of the form panel. The hinged corner web member enables the two segments to rotate with respect to each other, so that the form panel can be opened to a flat configuration for shipping, and folded into a corner configuration at the jobsite. Both inside and outside corner panels may be provided, and may use different hinged corner web members. The corner web member may include features for connecting the inside and outside corner panels, to reinforce the resulting form unit.

Abstract: A stay-in-place concrete form includes masonry shells layered with rigid insulation tied with plastic cross tie assemblies. The masonry shells can be connected with plastic dovetail connectors that compensate for the variation in height of the shells. This allows for the shells, together with the connectors, to be a consistent height and allows for dry stacking. This dry stacking method can result in labor time and training savings over conventional masonry mortar construction.

Abstract: A building panel includes a polymeric block, one or more framing studs and one or more framing studs at least partially embedded in or to the polymeric block. The block includes a panel interior surface and a panel exterior surface. The panel interior surface of the polymeric block is offset from at least one of the one or more framing studs. The panel interior surface of the polymeric block includes one or more slots that can receive framing studs.

Abstract: A connector arrangement for a wall panel system is provided which includes connector blocks that join serially-adjacent wall panel frames together in proper alignment with each other. These corner blocks also are matable with a system of spacer strips, light block strips, single-side trim covers and multi-side trim covers which enclose the connector blocks and connector structure. A corner spline arrangement is also provided between adjacent trim covers which spline extends vertically and defines a closed corner, right-angled corner between the interconnected trim covers.

Abstract: An insulating corner wall form comprises inner and outer foam panels arranged to provide a fixed space therebetween for receiving the poured concrete, the fixed space comprising a corner of about 90 degrees; a plurality of ties connecting the inner and outer panels. The ties comprise first and second corner ties, each extending from a respective first location at the inner panel to a respective second location at the outer panel. Each second location is a distance from a panel corner of the outer panel of from about 20% to about 80% of the thickness of the fixed space between opposite parallel portions of the inner and outer panels.

Abstract: A sheet member fastening system and kit, as well as methods of hanging sheet members on a framework for a wall or ceiling surface are described. Fastening members, comprising substantially flat members and corner members are usable to enable edges of standard sheet members, such as wallboard or the like, to be properly supported and attached adjacent one another by means of the fastening members. The use of the fastening members enables hanging of sheet members on the framework without cutting of the sheet members or measuring of the relationship of the sheet member to the underlying framework, except adjacent a corner of the wall/ceiling surface. The fastening members allow attachment of the edges when not positioned directly on a frame member to properly secure the edges relative to one another. The fastening members are made of a material to accept fastening devices such as screws, staples, nails or the like to secure the sheet members thereto.

Abstract: The connection between two partitions of offices is assured by a post of angle and a spacer. The section of the post of angle contains a circular part and a neighboring part in the shape of dovetail. The spacer is a profile, a section of which corresponds to a truncated triangle. The base and the extremities of the sides of the spacer contact the circular part of the post of angle. This contact assures of one part the alignment of both profiles and on the other hand a finish of joint whatever is the angle between partitions. The fixation of an element of partition such as one profile (22) or a facing in the U profile is assured by an intermediate profile snapped up at the bottom of U of the U profile. The fixation of a profile in a U profile is realized by insertion of the extremity of the profile in the hollow of U followed by a rotation of a quarter of tour of the profile around its main axis to clamp its extremity in the U.

Abstract: A ridge cap includes a lower surface adapted to be placed in contact with a roof of a building, a weather protective upper surface, and first and second side sections connected to each other. The first side section is disposed at one side of a longitudinal axis and the second side section is disposed at the other side of the longitudinal axis. The ridge cap further includes an elastomeric strip and a metal strip. The elastomeric strip extends along the longitudinal axis and connects the first side section and the second side section to be of unitary construction with the first and second side sections. The metal strip backing extends along the longitudinal axis and supports the elastomeric strip.

Abstract: An apparatus constituting the walls and frame of a building with a series of interlocking panels, preferably composed of two sheets of metal, bound together by polyurethane foam injected between them. The panels are secured to the floor via metallic columns found at each juncture between two panels. Electric assemblies and setups, as well as plumbing outlets are preinstalled within the panels, facilitating rapid installation. Windows, doors, and A/C vents are also crafted into the panels at their inception, prior to their transport to the construction site. It is the intent of the present invention to provide an avenue for affordable, durable, and efficient housing that may be constructed quickly with minimal effort in the absence of heavy machinery, and without any advanced tools.

Abstract: A corner block has spaced-apart front and rear sections interconnected by two spaced-apart side sections that jointly define a through-cavity that extends through the block from a top face thereof to a bottom face. Upper protrusions are provided on the top face of the block, and lower protrusions are provided inside the cavity at the bottom of the block. The upper and lower protrusions are configured and arranged relative to one another so that when two corner blocks are stacked one atop another with one block rotated 90 degrees relative to the other, the upper protrusions of the lower block interlock with the lower protrusions of the upper block to interlock the two blocks. The corner blocks are constructed in two variants, a corner block A and a corner block B, which are mirror images or opposite hands of each other. The corner blocks A and B are alternately stacked upon one another to construct a 90-degree corner of a segmental retaining wall or other wall structure.

Abstract: A separation element including a panel and a connecting device for use with an adhesive. The connecting device includes at least one profile strip and a separation profile. The profile strip includes a back element, a first side element and a second side element that together define a mounting channel, and an anchor channel defined by the profile strip. The anchor channel is connected to the mounting channel by a through slot. The mounting channel is configured such that the edge of the panel is held within the mounting channel by means of the adhesive. The separation profile separates the profile strip from the panel, and it includes a middle part, a first side part, and a second side part and defines at least one window opening that functions to allow the adhesive to penetrate into the anchor channel.

Abstract: A building block system for building concrete block walls. The system features a main block, a first corner block, a second corner block, a first end block, and a second end block. The blocks interlock with each other via first mating components, second mating components, third mating components, and upper protrusions disposed on various ends of the various blocks. Many of the blocks feature a center aperture, which can engage the mating components and upper protrusions. Generally, the first mating components and upper protrusions can engage the second mating components.

Abstract: A projected corner structure in which two upright columns 3 and 4 substantially rectangular in cross section are disposed on a diagonal line in a pair of bracket-shaped runners (1, 2) arranged at an angle of about 90° on a floor surface. A corner upright column 5 of a synthetic resin including an outer end portion 5b having an outer surface formed in the form of a circular arc stands upright fitted into a substantially angular clearance C formed on an exterior side between the upright columns. Projecting portions 9 and 10 are formed integrally on lateral portions on both sides of the corner upright column, and are arranged to fit over interior side surfaces of the respective upright columns, and are fastened to the upright columns by countersunk screws 11 and 12. The resulting structure combines simplified construction with increased strength, improved appearance, and decreased cost.

Abstract: A self-supporting module contains first and second rectangular, generally closed longitudinal frames, which are detachably interconnected by crossmembers and to which external wall elements are detachably fixed. The module is characterized in that the external wall elements have dimensions corresponding generally to the height and the width or length of the module and that the outer edges of the elements run flush with the outer edges of the longitudinal frames and crossmembers in such a way that in the corner region of the module, the end faces of adjoining external wall elements define a recess in the form of re-entrant corner. Corner elements are detachably fixed in the recesses, the elements sealing the interior of the module that is delimited by the external wall elements in relation to the exterior.

Abstract: Novel building systems, in particular low cost superior strength building assemblies incorporating single or double shear walls, and disaster resistant window attachments are described herein. The inventive building systems are particularly well-suited for adding rooms to existing buildings, such as attached residential room additions, basements, disaster relief housing, and Do-It Yourself (DIY) projects.

Abstract: Building façade attachable to a building. The building façade includes at least two horizontally adjacent façade panels. Each respective façade panel including horizontal top and bottom edges and two vertical side edges. At least one recess is arranged on a surface of each respective façade panel directed towards the building. The at least one recess is arranged parallel to the two vertical side edges. At least one groove is arranged on the horizontal bottom edge of each respective façade panel. A mounting construction has at least one attachment element extending into the at least one groove of each respective façade panel and at least one guiding projection extending into the at least one vertical recess of each respective façade panel. The at least two horizontally adjacent façade panels are aligned approximately parallel to one another.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an inside corner framing element for supporting wallboard at the intersection of two adjoining walls made from sheet metal framing members. The inside corner framing element may be characterized as either: (1) an elongated sheet metal strip bent lengthwise two times to define a truncated W-shaped cross-sectional profile with at least one linear receiving slot positioned at an end of the elongated sheet metal strip; or (2) an elongated sheet metal strip bent lengthwise three times to define a W-shaped cross-sectional profile with at least one linear receiving slot positioned at an end of the elongated sheet metal strip.

Abstract: The present invention provides a half panel having on its back ribs defining symmetrically complimentary closed wall open faced cells and ribs having spaces there between. The half panel may be placed in back to back relationship and rotated through a required degree of rotation so that the open faced closed wall cells and ribs having spaces there between interlock so the open faced closed wall cells have at least one diagonal cross member. This provides a rigid panel suitable for a number of applications including forms for pouring concrete.

Abstract: A metal building is disclosed that employs interlocking vertically extended panels of improved configuration including improved insulated wall panels, unique corner constructions, and unique window and door arrangements.

Abstract: A joint arrangement between adjacent edges of structural elements each including a face surface and a rear surface with a profiled edge extending between the face and rear surfaces. The profiled edge forms a shoulder spaced from both the face and rear surfaces. The joint arrangement including a recess in the front surface of each structural element. The recess being adjacent the profiled edge. An elongate joiner element having projections is included. A first projection being engaged in the recess in a first structural element and a second projection engaged in the recess of a second structural element. The elongate joiner element further including a spine located within an area between the profiled edges of the first and second structural elements. A lateral projection projects from the spine and is engaged behind the shoulder relative to the face surface of the first structural element.

Abstract: A novel structural thermal framing and panel system for assembling finished or unfinished walls with multiple combinations for poured and nonpoured walls comprising of a permanent structural framing stud which can be adjusted to different wall thickness, a plurality of permanent forms, wherein the pluralities of permanent forms are interchangeable with various other permanent panel forms with or without defined spaces for receiving filler, and wherein the framing stud substantially conforms to a portion of the pluralities of panel forms and resists bending in the panel forms. The framing stud is the main structural element in the wall. A structural framing system in combination with insulated panel forms with various defined spaces for receiving filler, and wherein panels may not be prefinished to form a rigid substrate.

Abstract: A connector for joining two elongate framing members in abutting right angle relationship to form either a right angle corner connection or T-connection between the framing members is disclosed. The connector can optionally include panel receiving means to receivingly support two rectangular panel sections in complimentary right angle relationship above or below the joined together framing members. Connectors which include the panel receiving means are useful in constructing containers such as planters or the like and which have upper and lower rectangular frames with the rectangular panel sections disposed therebetween and thus forming the sidewalls for the container.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and apparatus for improving the connection between a building panel and a foundation. The improved connection is made possible by a unique form assembly that includes a trough assembly and a novel means for adequately supporting the trough assembly while the concrete is poured. The trough assembly creates a trough, which is an elongated hollow notch at the top of the foundation that resembles the shape of the trough assembly. Thus, the trough assembly is designed such that its width is approximately equal to the width of the building panel. The trough assembly also includes an angle iron affixed to the top of its sides. The trough assembly provides the building panel an elongated hollow groove having angle irons on each side. The prefabricated panel is therefor affixed to the angle irons. Placing the prefabricated panel in the foundation in such a manner and affixing it to the angle irons provides the panel with improved lateral and horizontal support.

Abstract: A connector for joining two elongate framing members in abutting right angle relationship to form either a right angle corner connection or T-connection between the framing members is disclosed. The connector can optionally include panel receiving means to receivingly support two rectangular panel sections in complimentary right angle relationship above or below the joined together framing members. Connectors which include the panel receiving means are useful in constructing containers such as planters or the like and which have upper and lower rectangular frames with the rectangular panel sections disposed therebetween and thus forming the sidewalls for the container.

Abstract: A prefabricated finishing module for the construction of building constructions provided with at least one pair of panels facing one another, bounding a space for the casting of concrete, adapted to be connected to one another and to respective panels of adjacent modules and each bounded by first edges opposite one another and by second edges opposite one another and extending between respective ends of the first edges. The module is characterized in that the first edges of each panel have respective first longitudinal grooves aligned with one another and in that the second edges have respective second longitudinal grooves aligned with one another, intersecting the first grooves and transversely offset with respect to first grooves; the first and second grooves are engaged in use, at least in part, by respective first and second anchors adapted to connect the module to adjacent modules intersecting one another reciprocally.

Abstract: A corner joint for a building made of timber elements. The exterior surface of the building is a wall element made of logs, and the interior surface is a wall element is also made of logs. The space between the wall elements is fitted with thermal insulation. Both wall elements end inside the corner joint, so that the exterior corner, which extends over the wall line of the building is made of separate corner elements on top of one another. The interior wall elements are placed crosswise in the corner, reach to and end substantially in the exterior wall elements. The crosswise stacked corner elements have extensions, which between the interior and exterior wall elements, reach over the crosswise interior wall elements. The extensions have an inter-locking shape, such as a notch, at the interior wall elements.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a corner joint support for holding forms for casting upright concrete walls, comprising an outer form support an inner form support, the outer form support including inner and outer upright support portions joined by platforms extending therebetween, the inner form support including inner and outer upright support portions joined by platforms extending therebetween, and spacer means for positioning the inner form support relative to the outer form support.

Abstract: Forming members for pouring of concrete walls which members hold sheets or material in spaced relation to one another to provide a concrete receiving space therebetween. In a horizontal mode, a base member having a web with U-shaped channels at the respective ends thereof is secured to a poured or otherwise formed foundation and a first course of insulating or other material sheet is placed in the U-channels. The forming members include H-shaped elements on the respective ends of a web to be received upon the upper edge of the first course of sheets, thus lying horizontal, to receive another course of sheets in alignment thereabove. This formation extends upwardly with sheets received into each H-shaped element. A second U-channeled web caps the sheets upon proper wall height being reached.

Abstract: An advertising display for displaying advertising messages on a telephone booth has a pair of side mounts pivotally attached to the telephone booth and a bottom mount attached to the telephone booth. Each side mount and the bottom are comprised of a pair of generally coextensive panels either hingedly or non-hingedly attached to one another with the front panel being transparent. The advertising can be placed directly on the rear panel or an appropriate insert positioned between coextensive panels.

Abstract: Public terminal whose housing is formed by shaft-shaped segments (4, 5, 6) which, from a base plinth (2), extend vertically and, by means of connecting elements (10) extending vertically as well, are connected to one another, with the processing units (7) at the rear side and lateral sides being enclosed by the shaft-shaped segments. The segments are stably attached to the base plinth by means of tie rods (8) on the one side engaging with the base plinth, which extend through the shaft-shaped segments, and which on the other side engage with the top side of said segments. The shafts formed by the segments may be used, if so desired, for cooling or thermal insulation of the incorporated equipment. The segments are preferably manufactured by means of extrusion.

Abstract: A remote telecommunications assembly for use at a gas wellhead or other remote location includes a base formed of concrete curb sections, a steel frame mounted on the base and one or more masts mounted on the steel frame for carrying the electronic components of the assembly, batteries, a solar panel and an antenna for transmitting and receiving signals.

Abstract: A construction wall system comprising, an inner rigid panel and an outer rigid panel of rectangular shape and defining length and breadth dimensions and defining side edges on either side and end edges on ends. The panels being spaced apart from one another with plurality of intermediate junction strips secured between the inner and outer panels, in parallel spaced apart relation, at spaced intervals. A plurality of end junction strips are secured between said inner and outer panels adjacent opposite side edges thereof, and spaced inwardly from the side edges to define junction channels along the side edges between the inner and outer panels. A plurality of spacer strips are secured between the inner and outer panels the spacer strips being spaced inwardly relative to the end edges of the panels to define end junction channels between the inner and outer panels.

Abstract: A building system and apparatus for forming a wall on a footing. U-shaped channels and H-shaped or T-shaped members coupled at their sides by rigid links hold foam panels in a desired spaced relationship. Vertically oriented panels aligned and connected by T-shaped members or horizontally oriented panels stacked with and connected by H-shaped members are inserted into the U-shaped channels to form a structure of the desired length. Concrete is poured between the panels and members where it hardens to form a structural wall. The planar surfaces of the U-shaped, H-shaped and T-shaped members enable the members to be extruded, thereby substantially reducing member production costs. Furthermore, widely available conventional foam panels can be used, reducing panel production costs.

Abstract: An advertising display for displaying advertising messages on a telephone booth is comprised of a pair of side mounts pivotally attached to the telephone booth and a bottom mount attached to the telephone booth. Each side mount and the bottom are comprised of a pair of generally coextensive panels either hingedly or non-hingedly attached to one another with the front panel being transparent. The advertising can be placed directly on the rear panel or an appropriate insert positioned between coextensive panels.

Abstract: A modular structure for constructing houses is designed for children to play. The structure includes moulded material panels which are connected with the assistance of corner parts through conjugated members built into the panels. The panels have an outer embossed surface resembling stonework, windows and door openings in which the relevant leaves or panes are articulated. The facade parts form a top angle for supporting saddle roof parts above. The modular structure is used for mounting houses for children to play within and it is accessible for children. The house may also have auxiliary rotatable simulated domestic elements, such as a vertical mirror that rotates down to be a horizontal table top.

Abstract: A modular assembly for creating formwork for casting vertical concrete structures is characterized by elongated elements having a generally concave interior surface which are disposed in edge to edge relationship in two facing rows, and which are simultaneously retained in edge to edge relationship and in facing relationship by connecting members. The connecting members comprise an elongated wall with a central portion between two outer portions. The elements have two extensions which extend laterally along the plane of the middle side of the elements. By engaging a connecting member to an element, the outer side of the element, the extension of the element and the outer portion of the connecting member form a triangular space providing structural rigidity to the formwork.

Abstract: A hollow shaft wall with horizontal studs having angled stud webs forming a channel with the stud inner flanges. Core boards are held by one edge in the angled channel and the other edge held by suitable means on an adjacent horizontal stud. Wallboards are spaced from the core boards and are secured to flanges of the studs. Supports are provided at the ends of the core boards and the studs for holding the wall in a vertical orientation.