Abstract: The present invention is a modular structural building method consisting of prefabricated, precast, composite reinforced concrete raised floor and steel beam panels with adjustable levelling connection assemblies between panels, supported by columns. The system has the ability to accommodate the use of the floor by construction personnel during the on-site assembly process. The perimeter of the raised floor slab can be provided with ducts for a field installed conventional reinforcement means to create a continuous structural diaphragm for the floor panel.

Abstract: A composite panel with a thermosetting cellular matrix, a method for manufacturing said panel, and a structure for covering a wall that is formed from an assembly of such panels. The structure provides the wall with heat insulation against cryogenic fluids and/or protection against fire or flames and/or sealing against the fluids. A panel having a thermosetting cellular matrix, includes at least one substrate that includes short, non-woven basalt fibers and is impregnated by the matrix. The panel is such that the at least one substrate includes a plurality of non-woven layers stacked to a stacking thickness. The non-woven layers each include the short basalt fibers and are needled through the thickness without using thermoplastic fibers.

Abstract: A lightweight slab including two main parallel reticular reinforcements (5)(6) separated by secondary reinforcements and arranged to form a double diagonal, a single diagonal or to be perpendicular in relation to the main reinforcements. All of the reinforcements are embedded in a volume of concrete filling which covers and protects such reinforcements and which is defined by a suitable formwork or mould which creates voids in a hypothetical prismatic volume and which is formed by hollow prismatic or truncated-pyramid-shaped volumes with smooth edges and vertices that improve structural strength and facilitate the extraction of the moulds. The filling includes open holes (4, 3) in those portions that do not interfere with the secondary and main reinforcements to form a succession of nodes connected at the top and bottom by holes that can be accessed from the lower and/or upper level (4) and, internally, hollows (2) connected by side holes (3).

Abstract: An anchoring assembly for anchoring a liner of a cured lining material applied in liquid form to metal objects, comprising a fixing device welded or soldered to a metal object, the fixing device comprising a weld element and a fixing element provided with a through hole, and an anchoring element configured to be passed through the through hole of the fixing device, wherein the weld element comprises a weld or solder stud.

Abstract: Disclosed are a support beam structure capable of extending a span and reducing a height of a ceiling structure and an installing method thereof. The support beam structure includes an H-beam extending in a longitudinal direction, an inclined extension part fastened to a lower surface or a side surface of the H-beam and inclined in such a way as to flare at an upper end thereof, a reinforcing part for reinforcing the inclined extension part, a deck placed on an upper end of the inclined extension part, and a concrete layer for filling a top of the inclined extension part, a top of the H-beam, and a top of the deck.

Abstract: An expansion joint system of a concrete slab arrangement, comprising an expansion joint reinforcement to be arranged between a first and a second concrete slab, the expansion joint reinforcement comprising at least one lo-cal or continuous dowel which is arranged to transfer loads perpendicular to the slab plane. The expansion joint reinforcement comprises an additional reinforcement comprising at least one clenching pin and to be arranged in the vicinity of the dowel in concrete, the additional reinforcement being arranged to adhere to the concrete above and below the dowel by means of a widening forming the clench point.

Abstract: The invention relates to an expansion joint system of a concrete slab arrangement, comprising an expansion joint reinforcement to be arranged between a first and a second concrete slab, the expansion joint reinforcement comprising at least one local or continuous dowel arranged to transfer loads which are perpendicular to the slab plane. A shear reinforcement or a location for attaching the shear reinforcement has been arranged in advance in the expansion joint reinforcement.

Abstract: A prefabricated panelization system having a floor or roof component and a frame component. In particular, the floor or roof component includes a deck member, which can be made of deck sections, profiles, or panels. For example, the deck member can be made of continuous panels that cover the desired width and length of the floor or roof component without intermediate beams between supporting elements. Alternatively, the deck members can be made of individual or panelized sections that are combined in juxtaposed relation to form the desired width and length. The frame component includes opposing horizontal support channels that are attached to opposing columns, respectfully.

Abstract: A system for fabricating a slab from a construction material having both unhardened and hardened states includes a form panel unit and a pair of spaced structural supporting members. The supporting members are adapted for assisting in supporting said slab made the construction material. The form panel unit includes a panel member adapted for use as part of a form to retain said construction material when in an unhardened state and has generally opposed upper and lower surfaces. The panel unit also has at least one reinforcement unit having at least one reinforcement member mounted above the upper surface of the panel member is interconnected to the panel member. The form panel unit is configured so that the panel member can be positioned between the supporting members, such that said unhardened construction material can be retained above the upper surface of the panel member to permit hardening of said construction material from its unhardened state to its hardened state.

Abstract: A lightweight slab including two main parallel reticular reinforcements (5) (6) separated by secondary reinforcements and arranged to form a double diagonal, a single diagonal or to be perpendicular in relation to the main reinforcements. All of the reinforcements are embedded in a volume of concrete filling which covers and protects such reinforcements and which is defined by a suitable formwork or mould which creates voids in a hypothetical prismatic volume and which is formed by hollow prismatic or truncated-pyramid-shaped volumes with smooth edges and vertices that improve structural strength and facilitate the extraction of the moulds. The filling includes open holes (4, 3) in those portions that do not interfere with the secondary and main reinforcements to form a succession of nodes connected at the top and bottom by holes that can be accessed from the lower and/or upper level (4) and, internally, hollows (2) connected by side holes (3).

Abstract: A form system for assembling a structural frame includes a base sheet of cardboard, the base sheet having a plurality of folding sections for corrugating the base sheet into a first shape, at least one additional sheet of cardboard, the additional sheet having a plurality of folding sections for corrugating the additional sheet into a second shape, wherein at least part of the second shape corresponds to at least part of the first shape such that when the additional sheet is positioned adjacent to the base sheet, the base sheet and the additional sheet form a V-shaped cavity therebetween, and a concrete fill cast within the at least one V-shaped cavity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a formwork ribbed metal profile member assisting in the construction of metal/concrete flooring, including longitudinal edges (2, 3) defining upper (4) and lower (5) areas connected by webs (6) and comprising recessed deformations, characterized in that at least a portion of each web comprises a recessed deformation (60) defined by a continuous line which extends parallel to the longitudinal direction of the profile member, and the length of which is greater than that of said portion of the web in said longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A mold-concrete composite crossbeam includes a H-steel composed of upper and lower flanges and a web connecting them; a concrete member formed in a length direction of the H-steel to expose the upper flange out but bury the lower flange and the web partially; deck plate supports installed to both upper side edges of the concrete member to support a deck plate placed thereon; a reinforcing steel bar installed around the H-steel; a mold including a bottom detachably coupled to a lower end surface of the concrete member, and sidewalls formed in parallel to both sides of the bottom and detachably coupled to both end sides of the concrete member; a lateral reinforcing member coupled across both sidewalls; a side reinforcing member installed to an outer side of the sidewalls in a length direction; and bottom reinforcing members installed across a lower surface of the bottom.

Abstract: A prefabrication system having a floor component and a frame component. In particular, the floor component includes a deck member, which can be made of deck sections, profiles, or panels. For example, the deck member can be made of continuous panels that cover the desired width and length of the floor component. Alternatively, the deck member can be made of preassembled sections that are combined in juxtaposed relation to form the desired width and length. The frame component includes opposing horizontal support channels that are attached to opposing vertical columns, respectfully.

Abstract: A ductile shear reinforced bar layout applied to reinforced concrete shear wall structures comprises several vertical reinforced bars, several horizontal reinforced bars, several connecting reinforced bars, a shear reinforced bar, and several reinforced bars, wherein the vertical reinforced bars and the horizontal reinforced bars are intersected to form a plane, the shear reinforced bar structure and the reinforced bars are firmly disposed on the plane, two adjacent planes are connected by the connecting reinforced bars, pouring concrete to the shear reinforced bar connected on the planes and the shear reinforced bar structure being wrapped around by the concrete are to form the shear wall with the RC. Due to irregular vibrations from earthquake, the surface of the wall is cracked along the directions with larger shear forces. Hence, adding the shear reinforced bar structure can avoid cracks and promoting the ability to anti-vibration.

Abstract: A self-supporting construction element (1) is described, comprising: a) an elongated body (2) made of expanded plastic material; substantially parallelepipedic and provided with respectively lower (8) and upper (9) opposite faces; b) at least one reinforcing section bar (12, 13) transversely extending in the body (2) between the faces (8, 9); wherein the elongated body (2) made of expanded plastic material is provided with at least one recess (14, 27) open at an upper side for housing a concrete casting (15) and wherein the reinforcing section bar (12, 13) extends at least in part in the aforementioned at least one recess (14, 27). Advantageously, the construction element (1) exhibits both optimum self-supporting characteristics and a good fire resistance in case of fire.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a permanent plastic formwork system formed by two parallel surfaces, namely an outer surface and an inner surface, comprising a plurality of flat or longitudinally curved, hollow plastic slats obtained by means of extrusion, provided internally with a rebar mesh providing them with rigidity and joined longitudinally by means of tongued-and-grooved ends with separators existing between the two surfaces. The separators are provided with a threaded area and an inclined appendage for securing the rebar mesh located between the surfaces. The slats are secured to the ground using U-shaped parts containing a threaded rod that can be used to clamp and fix the same. In addition, in closed structures, reinforced internal elements can be incorporated diametrically, such as metal bars with flat surfaces at their ends enabling the same to be secured to the above-mentioned inner surface.

Abstract: A method of constructing a wall of a building by casting in which formwork is erected and concrete is allowed to exude through perforations in the formwork, embedding the formwork in concrete and obscuring it from view. A panel for carrying out the method, a thin-walled sheet with multiple perforations for the escape of the concrete during casting, has brackets or clips to fasten it to the adjacent formwork creating a casting space between the panel and the supporting formwork. Floating the expressed concrete produces a smooth finish.

Abstract: A device for reinforcing concrete. The device is of one-piece construction and includes a perforate load-bearing member with first and second surfaces around which concrete can be placed. Apertures in the perforate load-bearing member form connectivity points between concrete disposed on the first and second surfaces to promote bonding of the concrete such that a contiguous mass of concrete forms upon curing. In various embodiments, the device can be configured as a joint, beam, shear wall, retaining wall or footer. In addition, the device can be prefabricated, thereby reducing the time and cost of formation of a reinforced concrete structural member.

Abstract: A joist suitable for use in a composite concrete floor is disclosed. The joist comprises a top chord, a bottom chord; and a vertically extending intermediate web having a top end secured to the top chord and a bottom end secured to the bottom chord. The top chord comprises a pair of longitudinally continuous symmetrical chord members facing each other and embracing the top end of the web. Each of the chord members includes a vertical portion secured to the top end of the web and a slanting upper extension extending above and away from the top end of the web, thereby providing a shear connecting portion and a flared opening, between the two facing chord members, giving access to the web and improving access of a welding tool to the area between the symmetrical portion of the top chord and the web member that must be joined together.

Abstract: A structural member includes side walls, a top wall connecting a top region of the side walls, a bottom wall connecting side wall bottoms and extending beyond the side walls to form wings each having one portion of a connector for connecting members to one another, a span connected to the side walls, and truss configurations each connected to the span and the bottom wall and respectively to one side wall. Side walls, top wall, and span define an upper interior chamber and span, truss configurations, and bottom wall define a lower interior chamber. Each truss configuration has a vertical wall and two intermediate walls. An assembly of members interlock with one another in series by connecting a first portion of the connector with a second portion of another member. These interlocked members form a structure for receiving concrete as a base for a ribbed concrete slab.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved composite material structure having large portions of additive material aligned over a substantial width of a material structure and occupying a larger percentage of the structure volume. The material structure includes a resilient substrate layer or conventional decking having a plurality of elongated rods arranged on a surface of the substrate layer to form at least one rod layer. The spaces between rods are filled with a slurry material which is allowed to set causing the component elements to bond together to form a lightweight durable and high strength composite material structure.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for constructing large, continuous, concrete slabs without using conventional shrinkage joints. The system comprises a grid of closely-spaced crack inducers (2) arranged relative to a concrete-pouring surface and adapted to be covered by concrete. The crack inducers (2) may be connected to one another with connectors (10). The crack inducers (2) are of a size, shape and spacing to promote formation of fine cracks in the vicinity of the inducers (2) throughout the slab when the concrete sets.

Abstract: The invention provides energy-saving housing wherein the indoor temperature condition can be made comfortable throughout the year by a small amount of energy by suppressing loads on cooling and heating devices, and high airtightness and high heat insulation performance can be maintained for a long period of time so that durability is excellent. The energy-saving housing includes wall parts provided with inner walling made from an inorganic material and heat insulators made from an organic foamed material, a ceiling part provided with inner walling made from an inorganic material, heat insulators made from an organic foamed material at the ceiling part or roof part, and a floor heating device provided at least at the floor part of the lower floor, and has an equivalent clearance area of from 0.3 cm2/m2 to 0.6 cm2/m2.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composite bearing deck, including a deck panel, having an upper flange, a lower flange spaced from the upper flange by a predetermined height, a plurality of side webs formed between the upper flange and the lower flange in a transverse direction of the composite bearing deck, and a plurality of hollow portions defined by the upper flange, the lower flange and the side webs and arranged continuously in a longitudinal direction of the bearing deck while being long formed in the transverse direction thereof to constitute a tubular shape; and a concrete slab, having a predetermined thickness and integrated on the deck panel. Moreover, the composite bearing deck of the current invention can be further economically manufactured, and is advantageous in terms of prevention of brittle failure, and higher resistance to automotive loads and vibration loads, compared to conventional bearing decks.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for constructing large, continuous, concrete slabs without using conventional shrinkage joints. The system comprises a grid of closely-spaced crack inducers (2) arranged relative to a concrete-pouring surface and adapted to be covered by concrete. The crack inducers (2) may be connected to one another with connectors (10). The crack inducers (2) are of a size, shape and spacing to promote formation of fine cracks in the vicinity of the inducers (2) throughout the slab when the concrete sets.

Abstract: An improved structural reinforcement bar for use in poured concrete construction has an anchorage plate fixed to a rebar body through friction welding. The friction welded rebar body and anchorage plate result in a structural reinforcement bar with improved axially oriented tensile load transfer capabilities having minimal space requirements.

Abstract: A pre-cast concrete form for cast-in-place beams and columns and a method of forming the same. The form includes a form body having a channel through a length thereof and a shear bonding key along the length, the channel being adapted to receive cast-in-place concrete therein to form a beam or column. The shear bonding key is integrally formed in the body and has a grooved portion and a ribbed portion for bonding the cast-in-place concrete to the form body. The form body may further include a reinforcing stirrup tie cast therein and extending into the channel, adapted to secure the form body to an opposed form body. The form body may include a plurality of shear bonding keys and reinforcing stirrup ties spaced apart along the length thereof.

Abstract: A pre-cast concrete form for cast-in-place beams and columns and a method of forming the same. The form includes a form body having a channel through a length thereof and a shear bonding key along the length, the channel being adapted to receive cast-in-place concrete therein to form a beam or column. The shear bonding key is integrally formed in the body and has a grooved portion and a ribbed portion for bonding the cast-in-place concrete to the form body. The form body may further include a reinforcing stirrup tie cast therein and extending into the channel, adapted to secure the form body to an opposed form body. The form body may include a plurality of shear bonding keys and reinforcing stirrup ties spaced apart along the length thereof.

Abstract: A structural member of this class basically consists of two spaced shell panels and an intermediate core. The shell panels may be made of metal or concrete or combinations thereof, or of other rigid materials having the required physical properties. The core is a triangulated wire frame composed of a plurality of zig-zag shaped wire trusses having their sets of top and bottom apexes anchored to associated sets of longitudinal and transverse chords and the respective proximate inside faces of the shell panels. The arrangement of the wire trusses is such that, in each group of three adjacent wire trusses, the middle one has its bottom apexes also connected to the bottom apexes of the wire truss located on one side of the middle wire truss and has its top apexes also connected to the top apexes of the wire truss located on the other side of the middle wire truss.

Abstract: A concrete structure having at least one concrete insert element is disclosed. The insert element has a surface with a layer of aluminum or aluminum alloy and, upon setting of the concrete, the layer of aluminum or aluminum alloy reacts at least partially with the free lime and oxygen in the concrete to form calcium aluminate, thus providing a particularly intimate and firm bond between the insert element and the concrete.

Abstract: A concrete floor system includes undulating sheet metal formwork for forming concrete slabs with one or more concrete ribs. The system also provides a unique type of bar chair which allows reinforcement in the form of steel rods, for example, to be dropped in place, thereby minimizing the labor required in installing the formwork.

Abstract: A structural assembly comprises a bar joist having ano utward flange along its base. Expanded metal lath is held in position agains the bars and above the flange by attachment clips. The attachment clips each comprise a U-shaped base which pinches the flange, a stem to hold the lath in place and a perpendicular end point which pokes through an opening in the lath to stabilize the clip. Finally, a thick layer of cementitious material adheres to the lath in the area of the bars and flange.

Abstract: A space frame structure has parallel spaced lower and upper sub-frames joined by interconnecting members, each sub-frame comprising a multiplicity of members connected in a grid, and a concrete layer secured to the upper sub-frame, wherein the concrete layer embeds the grid members of the upper sub-frame in the layer to form a composite upper sub-structure. Preferably the structure comprises permanent shuttering supported on the grid members of the upper sub-frame within the depth of the upper sub-frame, the concrete layer being laid on the shuttering to a depth sufficient to embed all of the grid members above the shuttering in the layer.

Abstract: Concrete panels for making concrete decks or floors for spanning between structural supports; parts of such panels including shear connectors, thread formers, and resilient grout seals; tools for manipulating grout-seals; co-acting forms for making panels; interior and overhang panels and apparatuses and methods for fabricating and using such panels. The panels have a seal member device connected to a body member for sealing off a space between the panel and a structural support on which the panel rests.

Abstract: A steel joist is disclosed consisting of a web, a bottom chord and a double top chord construction consisting of two elongated substantially identical portions each being of S cross-section and being connected to or integral with the web.

Abstract: An open web joist system and a composite concrete structure incorporating said open web joist system wherein the top chord comprises two spaced-apart angle bars held in spaced-apart relationship by bar stock of an open web member and a closure member for blocking the downward flow of concrete between the vertical legs of the top chord. Concrete is thus enabled to flow into the groove formed by the two angle bars at the top chord and serve as a keyway to prevent longitudinal movement of the concrete with respect to the joist members. Bolts are used to suspend spanner bars for holding concrete forms in place, and these bolts pass downwardly through an opening in the closure member to the spanner bars.

Abstract: A composite floor structure comprising a floor slab of concrete or other compression resistant material; and at least one reinforced beam under the floor slab. The beam comprises permanent shuttering including an open-mouthed, upwardly facing channel formation of steel or other tension resistant material; and a plurality of transverse members spaced apart along the length of the channel formation and extending transversely to the channel formation across substantially the entire width of the mouth of the channel formation. Each transverse member is fast with the channel formation in the region of its mouth on opposite sides of the mouth and at least part of at least certain of the transverse members extend upwardly from the region of the mouth of the channel formation into the overlying floor slab. Concrete or other compression resistant material is located in the channel formation and is formed integrally with the compression resistant material of the floor slab.

Abstract: A reinforcing structure for precast concrete is provided. The reinforcing structure includes a horizontally disposed bearing plate, and a vertically oriented planar reinforcing mesh extending above, below and inboard of the bearing plate. A vertical reaction bar is connected to the vertically oriented reinforcing mesh at a horizontal position inboard of the bearing plate. A horizontal reinforcing bar is oriented parallel to the vertically oriented planar reinforcing mesh.

Abstract: A framework cassette of thin sheet intended to be joined to adjacent cassettes so as to constitute a lost form when casting concrete framework and co-operating with the concrete in the finished framework as regards the absorption of forces. It consists of a rectangular bottom (11) along the two longitudinal sides of which edge beam sections are bent up. These edge beam sections consist in part of an upper, horizontal flange (5), a vertical web (3) with bulges (8) and furthest down a sleeve (6). On the sleeves (6) and between them is located a top section (9) which is also secured to them. The space between the top section (9) and bottom (11) of the cassette can be filled with insulation or used for installation material (14). The concrete is cast over the top section (9) and between the webs (3).

Abstract: A composite structural element has a main steel beam having a web and at least two flanges extending therefrom, having oppositely directed outer faces, having outer edges generally defining a plane and defining with the web a recess open away from the web between the outer edges. A mass of concrete fills the recess substantially to the plane, the outer flange faces being exposed and substantially free of concrete. Another profiled steel beam is fixed to the web of the main beam and wholly imbedded in and covered by the concrete mass. Typically the main beam is an H- or I-beam and has two such channels provided with such other beams and filled with respective such masses. The other beams can be of T-section or each other beam can be an I- or H-beam. In addition it is possible to provide longitudinally extending steel reinforcing bars imbedded in the concrete mass. Steel fibers can also be imbedded as reinforcement in the concrete mass, and this mass can be at least partially of colloid concrete.

Abstract: A construction element comprises a wide-flange steel beam having a web-flange thickness ratio of at least 0.8. Anchors or holding members in the form of studs or wire fabric are secured only to the web of the beam, and a reinforcing bar or plate extending along the beam is in turn welded to the achoring members. The area between the flanges of the beam is then filled with a concrete body in which the holding members and reinforcing elements are embedded for fire resistance.

Abstract: The system is preferably for use in building construction where concrete floors can be poured in place. The components of the system comprise parallel arranged joists preferably each constructed from three pieces to form an I-beam joist, bracing channels extending orthogonally between adjacent joists and mated at their respective ends with the joists, means for securing and bracing channels in place relative to the joists, and corrugated metal decking extending in separate sections between adjacent joists and over the bracing channels. Concrete is poured over the metal decking and interlocks with the top end of each joist to form a structurally securely supported, poured-in-place concrete floor.

Abstract: This invention relates to a sheet metal structural shape for use in building construction having a generally box shape with outwardly extending flanges at one end of the substantially parallel sides and inwardly extending flanges at the other end of the parallel sides forming a slot between the ends of the inwardly extending flanges and a closure between the ends of the outwardly extending flanges closing the space between the sides at that end. The sheet metal structural shape may be advantageously used as a structural shape in deck structures and in wall structures according to this invention. One deck structure of this invention uses the sheet metal structure shape as a sub-purlin, or purlin on short spans, supporting insulation on the bottom outwardly extending flanges and having sheet metal roofing material fastened to the inwardly extending flanges at the top end of the structural shape. Thus, a deck is provided with at least a major portion of the insulation beneath the steel roof decking.