Abstract: A slab element for covering the ground is made e.g. of concrete and forms as a single piece. It has a head portion and a stem portion meeting at a notional meeting surface.

Abstract: A plurality of modules that are generally P-shaped and are of the same size and shape which may be arranged in different stacked relationships to form book cases or the like. As to each module, the closed loop of the P is of a generally rectangular box-shape construction while the leg of the P extends outwardly of the closed loop coextensive and coplanar with one side of the closed loop. The modules are stacked so that the walls thereof are inclined. Optionally shelves may be mounted by the closed loops.

Abstract: A breakwater composed of a network of interconnected elements of similar size and configuration, each of which has a body with a through axial recess and vertically projecting portions so that when the bodies are arranged in levels, the portions interlink in the recesses forming a network of bodies which are adapted to be assembled at a job site as a breakwater to resist wave action.

Abstract: The genus extender is a toy block designed to be used with a plurality of homohedral modules, either by itself or with other genus extenders, in constructing geometric models with a topological genus of two or more.

Abstract: A collapsible building element of sheet material comprising four prismatic sides hingedly connected to each other, each side comprising two faces in V-shaped relationship and interconnected by a hinge structure, two adjacent sides having an outwardly extending V-shape, but other adjacent sides having an inwardly extending V-shape.

Abstract: Tetrahedron blocks are used to assemble structures of various shapes and sizes. The blocks have side walls joined along ridges which converge at four corners of the block. Each wall has an opening shaped to receive a corner of an adjoining block making up a structural unit.

Abstract: A tile for lining an ingot mould or a hot-top box for the ingot mould has a back face for abutting the mould or box wall and four regions defined by the profiling of the front face. The lower region and a higher region are shaped so as to enable the molten metal within the mould or box to solidify with a "bottle-top" structure. An upper region above the higher region is shaped to maintain any anti-piping compound completely covering the molten metal as it solidifies. There is a top region above the upper region and the top region is of constant cross-section. The lower, higher and upper regions are shaped so that in the lined mould, or box a cavity is formed which decreases in cross-section from the top of the mould or box to a minimum cross-section,the cavity gradually widening in cross-section below this point. The tile may be made in two portions to assist transportation, the tile being assembled in situ.

Abstract: Architectural modular elements are described for making and/or finishing monuments or like works of art. The elements are provided by cutting valuable stones, marbles or the like and are in the form of blocks having flat faces of modular lengths at right angles to one another, or separated by cylindrical surfaces which are concave inwardly of the element and provided with properly designed bending radii, which concave cylindrical surfaces can be concerned with such center angles as larger, equal to or less than 90.degree..

Abstract: A structural element for the assembly of structures of furniture is described having a regular hexagonal flat bottom and flat walls installed along the circumference of this bottom and positioned at a right angle thereto, which walls, at the angular points of the bottom, have their side edges adjoining. The upstanding ribs formed do not have the same length but after a short rib follows a long one. The difference in length is equal to half the length of a side of the hexagonal bottom. The element is preferably made of synthetic material.

Abstract: Each pre-fabricated element of the invention has an abutment face which, in the assembled condition, is to be juxtaposed with the similar abutment face of another element so as to define a gap therewith which may be filled with a sealant or a bonding agent. The abutment faces are so shaped that longitudinal sections of the gap are spatially curved and define at least partly orthogonal trajecteries of the main structural stress lines acting in the region of the gap.

Abstract: A modular floor structure of modular components for use in a building, such as a grain storage bin or the like, in which a plurality of floor sections are formed of planar material with there being a number of different perimetric contours for various ones of said floor sections including a basic section providing, by interconnection therebetween, a major part of the floor area. The floor sections are supported above the ground or other surface by support members positionable beneath overlapped parts of adjacent floor sections and the support members as well as floor sections have structure permitting insertion of fastening devices to lock said floor sections to each other and to the subjacent support member.