Abstract: A structural frame for a building, comprising: adjacent first and second columns; at least one precast concrete floor slab having first and second corner indents located in two adjacent corners and a first elongated edge beam defined between the first and second corner indents, the first elongated edge beam being disposed between the first and second columns such that the first and second columns are received in the first and second corner indents and that the first elongated edge beam abuts the first and second columns; and a first tendon assembly extending between the first and second columns and adapted to be tensioned to compress the first elongated edge beam between the first and second columns, the first tendon assembly including at least one left cable and at least one right cable located symmetrically on either sides of a vertical center plane of the first and second columns.

Abstract: An intelligent furnishing system. The furnishing system includes an electronic device, a server, and a workstation. The workstation includes a short-range communication circuit, a user interface including a light source, and an electronic processor. The electronic processor is configured to receive a reservation including a reservation start time, increase a communication range of the short-range communication circuit when the reservation start time is a predetermined period of time from a current time, and receive a proximity signal from the electronic device. The electronic processor is also configured to illuminate the light source in a first color, receive a check-in signal when the proximity signal is received, change the light source from the first color to a second color, receive a check-out signal when the check-in signal is received, and change the light source from the second color to a third color when the check-out signal is received.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an insulated panel for facilitating post-tensioning of the insulated panel, in accordance with some embodiments. Accordingly, the insulated panel may include a frame, a first layer, a second layer, a second layer, a third layer, a fourth layer, and a fifth layer. Further, the frame may include a frame-end arranged in an arrangement forming an interior space. Further, the first layer of a building material is disposed in the interior space. Further, the second layer of an insulating material is disposed on the first layer. Further, the third layer of a cable is disposed on the second layer. Further, the fourth layer of the insulating material is disposed on the third layer. Further, the fifth layer of the building material is disposed on the fourth layer. Further, at least one of the first layer and the fifth layer may be cured for producing the insulated panel.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present disclosure provide a load transfer plate and load transfer plate pocket that co-act to transfer vertical or substantially vertical loads from one concrete slab to the adjacent slab in an enhanced manner by optimizing the positions of the load transfer plate relative to the adjacent concrete slabs for load transfers between the adjacent concrete slabs.

Abstract: An assembled slab-type steel-wood composite joint, includes a steel-wood composite column, square wood beams, connecting assemblies for connecting the steel-wood composite column and the square wood beams, and wood slabs connected to and supported by the steel-wood composite column, the square wood beams and the connecting assemblies. The steel-wood composite column includes a hollow cross-shaped outer square wood column, and square blocks are integrally formed on the outer square wood column; and a steel sleeve is inlaid in the outer square wood column, an inner wood column is inlaid in the steel sleeve, column vertical steel bars penetrate through the inner wood column, horizontal steel bars penetrate through the square blocks and are fixedly connected to the steel sleeve, and threads are arranged at the ends of the horizontal steel bars.

Abstract: A prefabricated steel-wood composite joint includes square pipe columns, steel-wood composite beams, and a beam-column connecting assembly for connecting the square pipe columns and the steel-wood composite beams. Each square pipe column includes connecting corner columns and connecting side plates. Each steel-wood composite beam includes a top flange, a bottom flange and wood webs for connecting the top flange and the bottom flange. The beam-column connecting assembly is a central column connecting assembly or a corner column connecting assembly. By a special structural design, the composite joint realizes effective beam-column connection without a welded connection and a bolted connection and has tenacity and good seismic performance. The components of the composite joint can be prefabricated in a factory, are high in precision and are assembled on site, so that construction is easy and convenient, procedures are simplified, and the construction period is effectively shortened.

Abstract: A fabricated limiting-reinforced steel-wood frosted sleeve composite joint includes a square central column, X-shaped wood beams and a beam-column connecting assembly, wherein the beam-column connecting assembly is fixedly disposed around an outer side of the square central column, and the X-shaped wood beams are located on an outer side of the beam-column connecting assembly and are fixedly connected with the beam-column connecting assembly. The square central column comprises a frosted wood column, a frosted steel sleeve, a frosted wood sleeve shell, a Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) layer and central column frosted steel covers, wherein a first central hole penetrating through the frosted wood column is formed in the center of the frosted wood column in a lengthwise direction, a prestressed steel strand penetrates through the first central hole, the frosted steel sleeve is of a hollow tetrahedral structure and is fixedly disposed around an outer side of the frosted wood column.

Abstract: Beneficial use structures are disclosed that include coal combustion residuals (“CCR”) mixed with water and a binder to form a structural material, and adapted to be compacted for use in the formation of the beneficial use structure. Various structures having beneficial uses are described, including compressed air storage facilities and a pumped hydroelectric facility, including such a facility adapted for use with a lock system of a waterway.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing a concrete component (15), to a prefabricated structural element (3), which serves as a semi-finished product for the production of the concrete component (15) made in this way, and to a corresponding concrete component (15). The method claimed involves the following steps: producing a prefabricated structural element (3) comprising first reinforcement structures (18), which feature textile reinforcement structures, and first thermal insulation elements (6), pouring concrete into a shell mold (13) to form a first concrete layer (11), lowering the prefabricated structural element (3) onto the first concrete layer (11).

Abstract: A forming tube for forming and reinforcing a concrete column includes a tubular lining and a fiber-reinforced composite shell. The tubular lining is made from a first material, and has inner and outer tubular surfaces. The inner tubular surface has a plurality of ridge units displaced from one another in a direction of an axis. Each ridge unit has a plurality of ridges displaced from one another in a circumferential direction. The fiber-reinforced composite shell is made from a second material different from the first material, and is configured to enclose the outer tubular surface. The fiber-reinforced composite shell is formed by winding a prepreg filament on the outer tubular surface, followed by curing the prepreg filament.

Abstract: A roofing system, assembly and related methods of manufacture and installation for simulating a metal roof includes a membrane which is installed over a roof deck and aesthetic ribs installed directly on the membrane layer using a hot melt adhesive having a melting temperature below the melting temperature of the membrane.

Abstract: An aqueous gypsum plaster-cement composition comprises a hydraulic binder consisting of calcined gypsum and hydraulic cement in a weight ratio of from about 4:1 to about 2:1, an aggregate which comprises sand, a foam, a perlite, rice hulls or a mixture thereof, a superplasticizer comprising an air entraining agent, a retarder, and water in an amount of from about 0.4 to about 0.75 parts by weight per part of binder, with the proviso that the gypsum plaster-cement composition contains essentially neither a pozzolana nor lime. The use thereof, a method of constructing buildings using this composition and the buildings obtainable in this way are also described.

Abstract: A rigid insulating panel comprising an insulating material core with an R-value of at least 2.5 (hr·ft2·° F.)/BTU·in. The insulating material core has opposed first and second surfaces, a pair of spaced-apart longitudinal edges, and a pair of spaced-apart lateral edges extending between the pair of longitudinal edges. At least one of the pair of longitudinal edges and the pair of lateral edges comprises connecting members including a tongue and groove assembly with an inner groove and an outer tongue separated by a substantially S-shaped median wall. The tongue and groove assembly is engageable with the tongue and groove assembly of an adjacent insulating panel to provide a flexible interconnection therebetween. The rigid insulating panel also comprises at least one membrane covering one of the first surface and the second surface. An assembly method for insulating a concrete surface of a building using an assembly of insulating panels is also provided.

Abstract: A constructing method for a concrete cylinder of a construction steel bar of a high-rise steel structure adopts a constructing method of supporting inside and climbing outside. The outside of the cylinder adopts hydraulic mutual-climbing adhesive lifting scaffold creeping formwork system (100), and also has an outside wallboard mechanical formwork erection function and an outer frame protection function. For the inside of the cylinder, except that an appropriate structure is left for later processing according to a schedule requirement, beam walls all adopt a steel cylinder support to perform formwork erection, so as to greatly reduce the workload of repeatedly mounting/dismantling the scaffold and the formwork at a high place. The scaffold itself carries the formwork erection system, so formwork erection and formwork removal can be mechanized, thereby reducing the risk of formwork erection and formwork removal at a high place.

Abstract: A prefabricated rain screen wall panel is provided comprising inner and outer concrete panels secured together by shear connectors. Intermediate members provide insulation, a drainage channel and a vapor barrier.

Abstract: A stay-in-place concrete form includes masonry shells layered with rigid insulation tied with plastic cross tie assemblies. The masonry shells can be connected with plastic dovetail connectors that compensate for the variation in height of the shells. This allows for the shells, together with the connectors, to be a consistent height and allows for dry stacking. The masonry shells can be bonded together with a layer of lightweight concrete poured in a cavity behind the masonry shells and/or bonded together by mortar joints. This dry stacking method can result in labor time and training savings over conventional masonry mortar construction.

Abstract: Concrete lumber replacement can be made to exact measurements and cuts. Once placed in the structure, it would make the structure more durable under severe weather conditions. It also deters insects that can destroy the structure over time. Concrete is a fire retardant. If a fire happens, the foundation and frame will still be intact. To date, concrete has never been used in framing. In return, it will conserve trees and lower the overall cost to build the structure.

Abstract: An elongate member reinforcement system and associated methods is disclosed. The system can include an elongate member, a structure associated with an end of the elongate member, a support member coupled to the structure and laterally offset from the elongate member extending about an end portion of the elongate member, a support layer surrounding the end portion of the elongate member such that at least a portion of the support member is between the support layer and the elongate member, and a structural filler disposed between the support layer and the elongate member. A load tending to cause relative movement of the end portion of the elongate member and the structure can be transferred through the structural filler and the support member to provide support for the elongate member.

Abstract: A method of inserting material into a hole formed through a building structure includes inserting a cover assembly into the hole formed through the building structure, moving at least a portion of the cover assembly from an insertion position to a deployed position, and inserting material into the hole with the cover assembly in the deployed position. An apparatus for filling a hole formed between first and second sides of a building structure includes a cover assembly insertable into the hole from the first side of the building structure, a connector configured to be positioned on the first side of the building structure, and a fastening mechanism configured to secure the cover assembly relative to the connector.

Abstract: A concrete wall pre fabrication for the easy assembly of walls for residential and commercial buildings. More specifically, there is an apparatus and method for enabling the outer form of a concrete wall to be more precisely assembled off site and then transported to the work site and assembled the wall in the proper place with appropriate rebar before filling the forms with cement or concrete material as disclosed in the specification and drawings of the invention and the related claims. Additionally, there is a need for a form spacer that efficiently attaches between the form walls with a more precise use of glue and stronger attachment to the form walls.

Abstract: A method of forming an architectural concrete structure having a desired look (i.e., color) and texture, wherein the method generally includes pouring a base concrete layer using conventional concrete. A surface concrete mixture is prepared and includes a mixture of sand and small aggregates to give the surface concrete mixture the desired color and texture for the architectural concrete structure. The base concrete layer provides strength and durability to the concrete structure, while the surface concrete layer provides the desired look and texture of the concrete surface. The surface concrete mixture preferably includes small aggregates to create a smooth and uniform texture.

Abstract: A method of forming a concrete wall having a substantially uniform exterior surface texture. The method includes the initial step of pouring concrete into a wall form. The concrete is poured from a first mixture and is allowed to cure. After the concrete is cured, the wall form is removed from the resultant concrete base structure. A roughened texture is then created on the base structure. A finishing mixture is then applied to the roughened texture. The finishing mixture may be created by separating the aggregate from a portion of the remaining first mixture. The finishing mixture creates a smooth texture on the exterior surfaces of the initially formed base structure.

Abstract: A structural element (10) for use as a ceiling element or wall element. The structural element (10) has a facing shell (11) and a relatively thicker supporting shell (12). The facing shell (11) has a first concrete layer (14) with a textile reinforcement (15) arranged therein. The supporting shell (12) has a second concrete layer (16) and a supporting shell reinforcement (17) in the form of a box-grid structure from interconnected structural steel elements (18, 19, 20). The facing shell (11) is connected to the supporting shell (12) by a plurality of metal-free connecting bodies (24)in the form of a three-dimensional a textile grid structure (25). The textile grid structure can be produced as a woven fabric, a plait, a nonwoven fabric or a knit from carbon fibres and/or glass fibre threads that have a coating to produce the three-dimensional structure. Each connecting body (24) extends in at least two spatial planes.

Abstract: A concrete step has a trough with a base and two side walls. The side walls project upwardly from the base and are positioned at opposite ends of the base. At least one of the sidewalls has an inwardly projecting flange spaced away from the base by approximately the height of the step. Concrete fills the trough at least up to the inwardly projecting flange, and together a top surface of the concrete and at least a portion of the inwardly projecting flange form a top surface/tread of the step.

Abstract: The invention comprises a product. The product comprises a foam insulating panel, the panel having a first primary surface and an opposite second primary surface, wherein the foam insulating panel defines at least one recessed channel in the first primary surface, the at least one recessed channel being sized and shaped to provide a mold for a structural reinforcing member. The product also comprises a concrete panel formed on the first primary surface and filling the at least one recessed channel so as to provide a structural reinforcing member for the concrete panel. The product further comprises an elongate anchor member in the foam insulating panel and extending from the first primary surface of the foam insulating panel into the concrete panel. A method of making a composite reinforced insulated concrete structure is also disclosed.

Abstract: A form for constructing a thrower's circle includes a pair of half sections. Each half section has an upper surface and a base surface and two full length members and two half length members. The full length members and the half length members are connected together substantially at right angles to form a rectangle with four corners. A corner brace is located in each of the four corners. An inside cross member and an outside cross member extend between the half length members and are generally parallel to the full length members. A pair of semi-circles, each having substantially the same diameter that is larger than the length of the half length members and less than the length of the full length members. Means are provided for securing the half sections together so that the semi-circles form a full circle. Tubes extend from the circle toward the base to drain water from with in the circle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a building panel. The building panel includes a core including first geopolymer concrete. One or more protective layers are located adjacent the core. Each protective layer includes second geopolymer concrete of greater density than the first geopolymer concrete. In one embodiment, passages are defined along which air can move within the core.

Abstract: A bridge system is provided that utilizes foundation structures that are formed of the combination of precast and cast-in-place concrete. A method of constructing the combination precast and cast-in-place concrete foundation structures involves receiving at a construction site a precast concrete foundation unit having elongated upright wall members that define a channel therebetween, and multiple upright supports located within the channel; placing the precast concrete foundation unit at a desired use location; delivering concrete into the channel while the precast concrete foundation unit remains at the desired use location; and allowing the concrete to cure-in-place such that the elongated upright wall members are connected to the cured-in-place concrete by reinforcement embedded within both the cured-in-place concrete and the upright wall members. The bridge units may be placed before the pouring step to embed the bottoms of the bridge units in the cast-in-place concrete.

Abstract: A unitary assembly facilitates constructing concrete foundation pads made of poured concrete, the foundation pads being useful to support a structure or building. The apparatus comprises a unitary assembly of existing planar forms connected by taper-shaped corners using wedge connectors to define an upwardly-tapered cavity shaped to hold poured concrete until the concrete cures. The assembly is sufficiently rigid and the planar forms are held at an angle sufficient for the unitary assembly to self-release from the cured concrete without disassembly when lifted/moved vertically off of the cured concrete.

Abstract: Method and device for strengthening and lightening floor and roof framing, using several devices, prefabricated beams, molds, mesh, concrete laid on site and where necessary reinforcing rods. The method involves affixing the device, including a section, two bolts and a pin, wrapped transversally around the beam. Several devices can be affixed along each beam. The beams are placed on their walls or girders, parallel and separated depending on the molds, then the molds are seated in the protruding segments of the bolts of the device until the spans are covered, affixing reinforcing rods in the sides of the device where necessary. The mesh is laid by attaching it to the ends of the devices. The concrete is poured until the compression slab and the channels above the beams are filled. Once set, the bolts are removed to recover the molds from below.

Abstract: A method for installing a flooring surface on a concrete slab or deck base coated with a sealing material to seal the surface and limit the passage of moisture therethrough comprising pouring concrete to create a poured concrete slab or deck base or obtaining a pre-cast concrete slab or deck base, allowing the concrete slab or deck base to cure, cleaning the cured or partially cured concrete slab or deck base, testing the cured or partially cured concrete slab or deck base to determine at least one of its pH, relative humidity, and vapor emission level, applying a layer of a sealing material , curing the sealing material to form the coated, cured or partially cured concrete slab or deck base, and installing an athletic, commercial, or residential flooring surface on the coated, cured or partially cured concrete slab or deck base.

Abstract: A method for embedding at least one solar structure, including one or more anchoring legs, includes making one or more holes in which the at least one solar structure is to be installed; forming one or more concrete slabs in the hole(s) at one installation rib; after setting of the concrete slab(s), locating the position(s) of the anchoring leg(s) of the at least one solar structure on the concrete slab(s); installing the at least one solar structure in the hole(s), with the anchoring leg(s) bearing on the concrete slab(s) at the position(s) of the anchoring leg(s) that were located beforehand; and embedding the at least one solar structure.

Abstract: A method for forming a cementitious retaining wall is described. The method includes the step of defining on an earth surface an outline of the wall to be formed. The outline delimits an area of earth to be excavated. The method also includes the step of compacting the area. After compaction, the earth underneath and adjacent to the area is densified, which provides stability to the earth during excavation and after the wall is formed. The method also includes the step of excavating the earth from the area compacted to an initial depth, thereby creating a wall cavity. The method further includes the step of compacting the bottom surface of the wall cavity and subsequently excavating the earth from the compacted bottom surface. This step can be repeated as much as required, under a final depth of the wall cavity is reached. Once the final depth is reached, the wall cavity can be filled at least partially a cementitious material so as to form the retaining wall.

Abstract: An insulated concrete form having spaced sidewalls joined by form ties to define a first interior cavity therebetween for receiving poured concrete, the form ties including interior fastening plates positioned in between the spaced sidewalls. The interior fastening plates provide a backing surface to which forming structures can be easily and efficiently secured to define a second interior cavity in between the forming structure and one of the sidewalls, the second interior cavity having thickness less than the first interior cavity so as to define a form for making a recess in the resulting concrete portion of the wall.

Abstract: A constructing method for a concrete cylinder of a construction steel bar of a high-rise steel structure adopts a constructing method of supporting inside and climbing outside. The outside of the cylinder adopts hydraulic mutual-climbing adhesive lifting scaffold creeping formwork system (100), and also has an outside wallboard mechanical formwork erection function and an outer frame protection function. For the inside of the cylinder, except that an appropriate structure is left for later processing according to a schedule requirement, beam walls all adopt a steel cylinder support to perform formwork erection, so as to greatly reduce the workload of repeatedly mounting/dismantling the scaffold and the formwork at a high place.

Abstract: Methods of modular building construction are provided. One method includes (a) providing a first volumetric construction module comprising a frame, the frame including a first segment; (b) defining a volume of a composite segment and integrating the first segment with the volume; and (c) filling the volume with a curable material to cast the composite segment. Related methods, components, buildings incorporating such components, and methods of manufacture of components are also provided.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for lining one or more surfaces of concrete structures during fabrication thereof. A structure-lining apparatus comprises a plurality of structure-lining panels and a plurality of concrete-anchoring components. The panels, which may extend in longitudinal and transverse directions, are interconnected to one another in edge-to-edge relationship at their transverse edges to line at least a portion of the interior of the structural form. The concrete-anchoring components extend in an inward/outward direction from the panels. The concrete-anchoring components may: be integrally formed with the panels; connect to the panels via suitably configured connector components; and/or connect edge-adjacent panels to one another. The concrete-anchoring components may comprise concrete-anchoring features which may extend in the longitudinal and transverse directions (e.g. in a plane parallel to the panels) to provide concrete-anchoring surfaces.

Abstract: This relates to a pipe supporting element (1) used to contain a pipe (15) that is used in buildings for hydraulic, electrical and other pipes. In one preferred arrangement, the aforementioned pipe supporting element comprises polyethylene foam, is as thick as a partition (wall or paving slab), has at least two anchoring points located on the side faces (3) thereof, and includes at least one through hole (2) between a first face (1) and a second face (2).

Abstract: A permanent frost protected shallow foundation footing for a building is assembled from a plurality of form parts arranged in a chain that is partially below ground level to form a foundation perimeter. The form parts are made of a lightweight material such as insulating foam material shaped as an elongated sectional unit with an overhang part overhanging a cavity part of an interior cavity. The interior cavity has an opening for receiving a concrete pour concurrent with a concrete pour of a floor. Open ends of the assembled sectional units abut each other in end-to-end alignment to form an elongated cavity inside the perimeter chain of form parts that is filled with concrete. The overhang part may have a foot shape that fits inside the interior cavity of another form part that may also have a foot shape for compact storage or transport prior to assembly.

Abstract: The invention relates to a light-weight load-bearing structure (1) with optimized compression zone (2), where along one or more compression zones (2) in the structure (1) to be cast a core (3) of strong concrete is provided, which core (3) is surrounded by concrete of less strength (4) compared to the core (3) of strong concrete. The invention also relates to a method of casting of light-weight load-bearing structures (1) with optimized compression zone (2) where one or more channels, grooves, ducts, pipes and/or hoses (5) formed in the load-bearing structure (1) serves as molds for molding one or more cores (3) of strong concrete in the light-weight load-bearing structure (1).

Abstract: The invention relates to a shuttering element for a trench wall and to a method for producing the trench wall. To form the trench wall in the ground a first trench is produced initially, which is filled with a hardenable mass for forming a first trench wall segment. After the production of the first trench and before a hardening of an infilled mass into the first trench wall segment a shuttering element is arranged on at least one front face of the first trench. The shuttering element has a board-shaped base body comprising a first shuttering surface and a second shuttering surface, between which a receiving bead is arranged which is recessed with respect to the two shuttering surfaces. In the receiving bead a sealing tape is arranged which extends along the base body. The receiving bead is covered by a cover element, wherein a receiving space is enclosed in which the sealing tape is arranged.

Abstract: Provided are segments of a spliced prestressed concrete girder, which have improved structural integrity at joints, and a method of manufacturing the segments. The method of manufacturing the segments, which are combined to build the spliced prestressed concrete girder, includes: manufacturing one or more joint blocks, each having a first end that has a shear key and is to be spliced to an end of an adjacent segment and having a second end that is bonded to a segment body of the segment; and manufacturing the segment body by using the one or more joint blocks as one or more ends of a formwork in which the segment body is to be made and by casting and curing concrete in the formwork, wherein the one or more joint blocks are fixedly bonded to one or more ends of the segment body in the manufacturing of the segment body.

Abstract: A combined concrete material, including: a concrete; a reinforcing bar, the reinforcing bar disposed inside the concrete; and a decorative sheet, the decorative sheet including: a flat part, a first junction, and a second junction. The concrete, the reinforcing bar, and the decorative sheet are fixed together as one whole body. The decorative sheet is disposed outside the concrete, and the inner surface of the flat part is attached to the outer surface of the concrete. The first junction and the second junction are disposed on two ends of the flat part. The inner surface of the flat part is concave and forms a dovetail slot. Neighboring decorative sheets are connected together via the first junction and the second junction, which are embedded in the concrete.

Abstract: A method of constructing an eco-friendly building with tire bales includes a building foundation and a plurality of tire bales. The plurality of tire bales includes a plurality of path tire bales, a plurality of foundation tire bales, and a plurality of wall tire bales. The building foundation is filled with the plurality of foundation tire bales, and a driveway is filled with the plurality of path tire bales. The driveway connects with the building foundation. A concrete slab is poured over the plurality of foundation tire bales, and a plurality of walls is constructed on top of that. The plurality of walls is constructed from the plurality of wall tire bales, and the door and windows are inserted into the plurality of walls. A roof is then built over the plurality of walls. The plurality of tire bales also generates additional income through the building construction.

Abstract: This invention relates to a bracket assembly for a hardware assembly for forming an elevated concrete slab or the like, the bracket assembly comprising a body securable to a supporting structure and a load bearing support carriage which depends from the body and is movable between at least upper and lower positions relative to the body whilst depending therefrom. An associated hardware assembly and method of use thereof are also disclosed.

Abstract: A reinforcement support is provided for use in connection with concrete reinforcement elements and poured concrete. The reinforcement support includes a tubular paperboard shell having first and second ends with a channel extending therebetween. At least a first notch is formed into the first end extending towards the second end with the first notch being configured to supportingly accommodate at least one concrete reinforcement element.

Abstract: A false formwork system (40) includes a plurality of sideforms (17) which are able to be interconnected to define a perimeter of an opening in a panel to be cast. A support structure (24) is carried by the sideforms (17) for supporting components (26) used to mould a false skim coat overlying the opening when the panel is cast. An opening demarcation portion (21) is carried by each of at least some of the sideforms (17). Each opening demarcation portion (21) defines a zone of weakness to demarcate the skim coat of the cast panel from a remainder of the panel and to facilitate removal of the skim coat from the remainder of the panel by breakage along the zone of weakness.

Abstract: A bridge system is provided that utilizes foundation structures that are formed of the combination of precast and cast-in-place concrete. A method of constructing the combination precast and cast-in-place concrete foundation structures involves receiving at a construction site a precast concrete foundation unit having elongated upright wall members that define a channel therebetween, and multiple upright supports located within the channel; placing the precast concrete foundation unit at a desired use location; delivering concrete into the channel while the precast concrete foundation unit remains at the desired use location; and allowing the concrete to cure-in-place such that the elongated upright wall members are connected to the cured-in-place concrete by reinforcement embedded within both the cured-in-place concrete and the upright wall members. The bridge units may be placed before the pouring step to embed the bottoms of the bridge units in the cast-in-place concrete.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for constructing a cryogenic storage tank (700) having a welded inner tank (702), an outer shell (704) surrounding the welded inner tank (702), a concrete foundation (728) comprising a raised portion (752), a plurality of cellular glass blocks (734) positioned directly on top of the raised portion (752) of the concrete foundation (728), a leveling course of concrete (736) poured on top of the uppermost layer of the plurality of cellular glass blocks (734), and a mounting apparatus (718) affixed to the concrete foundation (728), where the welded inner tank (702) is positioned on top of the leveling course of concrete (736) and the outer shell (704) is affixed to the mounting apparatus (718) at locations around the periphery of the outer shell (704).

Abstract: A layered architectural water pervious concrete is provided. The concrete assembly includes a first layer of water pervious concrete preferably having 15%-25% void space capable of channeling water to the ground and underlying water table. Poured upon the pervious concrete layer, is a non-pervious concrete layer. Joints are formed through the non-pervious concrete layer, which preferably penetrates into the pervious concrete layer at least ¼ inch. Water flows from the top surface of the concrete assembly through the joints and into the porous concrete layer for distribution to the ground below.