Abstract: There is disclosed a polymer-based foam composition comprising a polymer and up to 20 M.-% particles of one or more inorganic particulate materials, based on the total weight of the composition, wherein the one or more inorganic particulate materials comprise less than 20 wt.-% Al, calculated as Al2O3-content. According to one aspect, the one or more inorganic particulate materials comprise phyllosilicates. Also part of the present invention is the use of such polymer-based foam compositions and their method of production.

Abstract: Methods and combinations of mattress support surfaces comprising one or more flexible polyurethane foam layers containing highly thermally-conductive solids, such as diamond or silicon carbide, and said layer combination is capable of transferring heat from a warm surface, such as a person sleeping on a bed, to a cooler region at a faster rate throughout the mattress than the thermal dissipation rate obtained from flexible polyurethane foam without highly thermally-conductive solids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a nonaqueous coating material composition comprising (A) at least one polyhydroxyl group-containing component (A) and (B) at least one polyisocyanate group-containing component (B), wherein the composition comprises at least one reaction product (RP) having an acid number <20 mg KOH/g and preparable by reaction of at least one dimer fatty acid (a) with at least one aliphatic, araliphatic, or aromatic dihydroxy-functional compound (b), the compound (b) having a number-average molecular weight of 120 to 6000 g/mol. The present invention further provides the coatings produced from these coating material compositions, and also the use of said coatings.

Abstract: An air delivery system for providing a supply of air from a source of air at positive pressure to an interfacing structure located at the entrance to the airways of a patient includes a manifold adapted to connect with the supply of positive air pressure and at least one tube connected to the manifold and adapted to deliver the supply of air to the interfacing structure. Each tube is structured to allow movement between an open phase in which the tube allows the passage of air and a collapsed phase in which the tube is collapsed. Each tube is structured such that weight of a typical patient's head against bedding apparel is sufficient to collapse the tube from the open phase to the collapsed phase.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for making polystyrene foam which utilizes one or more atmospheric gases, particularly CO2, as the blowing agent in combination with a polymer processing aid (PPA), typically an ester that is relatively non-volatile at the extrusion temperature range. The blowing agent and the PPA may both be introduced into the molten thermoplastic polystyrene resin or the PPA may be incorporated in the solid source polystyrene resins. The resulting foam will be substantially free of residual blowing agent and dimensionally stable at ambient temperatures.

Abstract: A system for use in forming polymer compositions, including as a replacement for phenolic based resin systems, for instance, in preparing foundry molds. In a preferred embodiment, the system includes the use of a) a polyermizable hydroxyl-containing component comprising a humic substance (as can be provided by lignite), b) an isocyanate component, and c) a catalyst, and preferably amine catalyst, component adapted to catalyze the polymerization of a) and b). The system is optionally used as binder system in the presence of a filler, such as, in combination with a foundry aggregate such as sand. A polymer system of this invention can be substantially free of formaldehyde or phenol, and preferably contains little or no aromatic solvents.

Abstract: Described herein, in the preferred embodiment, is a leonardite-based polyurethane resin binder that may be used, among other applications, as a binder in combination with foundry aggregate, e.g., sand, for molding or casting metal parts. The binders described herein comprise a humic substance, preferably leonardite, combined with a polymerizable isocyanate, a polymerizable polyol, and a polymerization catalyst to make a polyurethane resin binder in situ in a foundry aggregate, such as sand.

Abstract: An asphaltic isocyanurate foam useful in roofing applications. Asphalt is liquified and mixed with a mixture of polyisocyanate. In a separate mixture, other chemicals, such as polyols, surfactant, catalyst, and blowing agent are combined. The mixtures are combined and reacted to form an asphaltic polyurethane foam.

Abstract: Composite materials and methods for their preparation are described herein. The composite materials include a polyurethane made from the reaction of at least one isocyanate and at least one polyol, and coal ash (e.g., fly ash). The composite materials are highly reactive systems such as through the use of highly reactive polyols, highly reactive isocyanates, or both. The coal ash is present in amounts from about 40% to about 90% by weight of the composite material. Also described is a method of preparing a composite material, including mixing at least one isocyanate, at least one polyol, coal ash, and a catalyst.

Abstract: Expandable vinyl aromatic polymers which comprise: a matrix obtained by polymerizing 50-100% by weight of one or more vinyl aromatic monomers and 0-50% by weight of at least one copolymer izable monomer; 1-10% by weight, calculated with respect to the polymer (a), of an expanding agent englobed in the polymeric matrix; 0.05-25% by weight, calculated with respect to the polymer (a), of a filler comprising coke with a surface area, measured according to ASTM D-3037/89, ranging from 5 to 50 m2/g.

Abstract: A highly graphitizable carbon foam useful for, inter alia, battery components or high temperature applications, which includes a carbon foam produced from conventional mesophase pitch and a cross-linking agent like sulfur.

Abstract: A composition comprising at least a part A and a part B is disclosed. The part A comprises at least one polyol and the part B comprises at least one isocyanate. At least one part further comprises at least one of the following: a strength enhancer having a softening point of from about 120° F. to about 400° F.; a non-reactive hydrophobic enhancer; and/or an impact absorption enhancer. These enhancers provide, among optional other benefits, enhanced pull strength. Additionally, a mass can be prepared by a method of combining part A with part B and applying the mixture to a void. The compositions may also be used in the repair of surface defects or for the reinforcement of structural members such as spike holes left after spike removal from railroad ties during road bed maintenance or repair.

Abstract: A composition comprising at least a part A and a part B is disclosed. The part A comprises at least one polyol and the part B comprises at least one isocyanate. At least one part further comprises at least one of the following: a strength enhancer having a softening point of from about 120° F. to about 400° F.; a non-reactive hydrophobic enhancer; and/or an impact absorption enhancer. These enhancers provide, among optional other benefits, enhanced pull strength. Additionally, a mass can be prepared by a method of combining part A with part B and applying the mixture to a void. The compositions may also be used in the repair of surface defects or for the reinforcement of structural members such as spike holes left after spike removal from railroad ties during road bed maintenance or repair.

Abstract: A two-component on-site foam system for producing an intumescing fire protection foam is described with a density of less than 200 kg/m3 and an increased fire resistance endurance, with a polyol component (A), which contains at least one polyol, one catalyst for the reaction between the polyol and the polyisocyanate, water or a blowing agent based on a compressed or liquefied gas as foam-forming agent and at least one intumescing material based on an acid-forming agent, a carbon-supplying compound and a gas-forming agent, and a polyisocyanate component (B), which contains at least one polyisocyanate, wherein the polyol component (A) contains at least one polyester polyol, at least one aminopolyol, at least one halogen-containing polyol, at least one acid-forming agent, expanding graphite and at least one ash crust stabilizer, the quantitative ratios of the polyols to the polyisocyanate or polyisocyanates being matched so that, when the polyol component (A) is mixed with the polyisocyanate component (B) as spe

Abstract: The present invention is a polyurethane carpet backing prepared from a polyurethane-forming composition wherein fly ash is included as a filler material. High loadings of fly ash can be obtained without detriment to the process for preparing a polyurethane carpet backing, or adverse effect to the physical properties of the carpet backing.

Abstract: Small cross-section composites are used as reinforcements for concrete. The composites include longitudinally oriented fibers embedded in a depolymerizable and repolymerizable thermoplastic matrix. The composites are mixed into the wet concrete and poured with the concrete to form a reinforced concrete structure.

Abstract: A constrained layer damping structure is provided, including a panel to be damped, a constraining layer and a layer of foam vibration damping material sandwiched therebetween. The foam vibration damping material is provided from a composition including 1-20 weight percent elastomeric polymer, 20-60 weight percent thermoplastic polymer, 0.5-18 weight percent tackifier, 4-23 weight percent asphalt filler, 20-50 weight percent inorganic filler and 0.2-7 weight percent blowing agent.

Abstract: The present invention is a polyurethane carpet backing prepared from a polyurethane-forming composition wherein fly ash is included as a filler material. High loadings of fly ash can be obtained without detriment to the process for preparing a polyurethane carpet backing, or adverse effect to the physical properties of the carpet backing.

Abstract: An asphaltic isocyanurate foam useful in roofing applications. The foam is made from asphalt having a penetration range of between approximately 5-25, a softening point of between approximately 120.degree. F. and 200.degree. F., and an asphaltene content of no more than about 30%. This asphalt is liquified and mixed with a mixture of polyols such as Voranol 270, Multranol 9138, and castor oil. Other chemicals, such as a surfactant, a viscosity reducer, and a flame retardant can also be included in this mixture. The mixture is then brought to a temperature of between approximately 140.degree. F. and 220.degree. F., mixed with water and a polyisocyanate in a molar ratio of polyisocyanate:polyol of between about 2.0:1 and about 2.5:1 and reacted to form an asphaltic isocyanurate foam.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing a bitumen composition comprising blowing a mixture with an oxygen-containing gas which mixture comprises a bitumen having a penetration of less than 300 and a thermoplastic rubber which is present in an amount of less than 5% w, based on total mixture; bitumen compositions obtainable by such process; and the use of such bitumen compositions in asphalt mixtures for road applications.

Abstract: The invention relates to bituminous compositions obtained by the incorporation of thermoplastic polymer residues, particularly sterile car waste, containing polyurethane foams and thermoset resins, as well as their preparation process. The process consists of mixing previously ground polymer residues, so as to obtain an average particle size below 10 mm with melted asphalt or bitumen. The mixture is stirred at a temperature between 150.degree. and 300.degree. C., the presence of ground polyurethane foam and thermoset resin particles helping to increase the dissolving rate of the polymers. Preferably addition takes place of a catalyst and/or a reagent aiding a coupling reaction between the polymers and certain constituents of the bitumen or asphalt, which gives the final bituminous mixture improved properties. The bituminous compositions according to the invention can advantageously be used for coating solid materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polyether polyol which is prepared by(i) reacting 3.0 to 4.0 molecular equivalents of ethylene oxide with one molecular equivalent of 2,3- or 3,4-tolylenediamine, or a mixture thereof in the absense of catalyst, and thereafter,(ii) reacting 2.8 to 4.8 molecular equivalents of propylene oxide with one molecular equivalent of the reaction product in the presence of an alkali metal hydroxide in an amount of not more than 0.8% by weight based on the 2,3- or 3,4-tolylenediamine, or the mixture thereof.The present invention also relates to a rigid polyurethane foam which is prepared by reacting a polyol mixture containing not less than 50 wt % of the above-mentioned polyether polyol with an isocyanate. The rigid polyurethane foam is obtained with reduced fron requirements.

Abstract: Foam compositions with improved physical characteristics are from urethane prepolymers in the presence of various modifying agents. Blowing agents employed in the presence of surfactants make it possible to obtain either open or closed cell structures, and the degree of foam stiffness may be desirably controlled with polyols, as well as with polymeric polymethylene polyphenylisocyanates. Suitable modifying agents include asphalts, portland cement, epichlorohydrin, other epoxidized compounds, additional polymers, and various other materials.

Abstract: The invention is directed to the formation of filler containing anionically modified polyurethane (urea) compositions by reacting suitable polyurethane (urea) forming ingredients in the presence of from 5 to 97% by weight of fillers selected from the group consisting of(i) finely divided or lumpy foam particles,(ii) fossile lignocelluloses,(iii) carbon powder, and(iv) mixtures thereof,said filler-containing polyurethane (urea) having a water absorbability of from 33 to 97% by weight, and having an anionic group content of from 10 to 3000 milliequivalents of anionic groups and/or groups capable of anionic group formation per 1000 grams of said polyurethane (urea) components.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing molded products (or foamed and molded asphalt/urethane foam products) most suitable for sound-proof, vibration control and sealing members which are applied to the floor panel, dashboard and the like in a car, for example, and more particularly, a method of manufacturing foamed and molded asphalt/urethane products comprising introducing polyalkylene polyol having at least two or more hydroxyls in a molecule and polyisocyanate having two or more isocyanate radicals into a mold together with a catalyst and a foaming agent, and reacting them in it, wherein said polyalkylene polyol includes asphalt previously emulsified and dispersed therein; and a laminated structure including a layer of foamed asphalt/urethane foam made according to the method.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing asphalt foam comprising the steps of preparing polyether polyol containing 15 mole % or more of ethylene oxide, preparing urethane prepolymer by making the polyether polyol react with organic isocyanate, and obtaining asphalt foam by mixing the urethane prepolymer with (i) a silicone oil and (ii) an aqueous emulsion of asphalt to obtain an asphalt foam having a five cell structure and excellent water repellancy.

Abstract: This invention relates to polyurethane(urea) compositions which contain foam and which are preferably cationically modified, contain non-abrasively bonded fillers and have a very high water absorbability (WAF).Production is effected by reacting isocyanate-terminated prepolymers with a quantity of water far exceeding the stoichiometric quantity in the presence of foams in particle or film form. The reaction mixture may also contain lignite powder and/or peat, other inorganic and organic fillers and/or biomasses (living cells, living bacteria, enzymes).The polyurethane(urea) compositions contain up to 95% by weight of foam particles and may contain further fillers (preferably lignite and/or peat). The compositions are swollen and have a high water content during production. Their water absorbability (WAF) when suspended in water is 33 to 97% by weight of water.

Abstract: A liquid, solvent-free or low-solvent hardenable polyurethane-modified bitumen composition is described, which is based on a bitumen modified with a polyurethane prepolymer. The compatibility between bitumen and polyurethane prepolymer is achieved by a plasticizer system comprising a primary and a secondary plasticizer. The inventive composition is particularly suitable as an adhesive, sealant, foam material or coating compound.

Abstract: A process for producing asphalt-blended polyurethane foams which comprises introducing starting foaming materials for polyurethane foams containing a polyoxyalkylene polyol and an organic isocyanate either as respective individual ingredients or as a prepolymer into an agitation mixing chamber of a foaming apparatus, while introducing a previously heated and melted asphalt into the agitation mixing chamber of the foaming apparatus, mixing the starting foaming material for the polyurethane foams and the heated and melted asphalt and then foaming them. Asphalt-blended polyurethane foams can be obtained simply and efficiently and they are excellent in general physical properties, sound/vibration characteristics and are suitable as sealing materials and sound-proofing or vibration-damping materials.

Abstract: This invention relates to polyurethane(urea) compositions which contain foam and which are preferably cationically modified, contain non-abrasively bonded fillers and have a very high water absorbability (WAF).Production is effected by reacting isocyanate-terminated prepolymers with a quantity of water far exceeding the stoichiometric quantity in the presence of foams in particle or film form. The reaction mixture may also contain lignite powder and/or peat, other inorganic and organic fillers and/or biomasses (living cells, living bacteria, enzymes).The polyurethane(urea) compositions contain up to 95% by weight of foam particles and may contain further fillers (preferably lignite and/or peat). The compositions are swollen and have a high water content during production. Their water absorbability (WAF) when suspended in water is 33 to 97% by weight of water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of polyurethane(urea) compositions which contain lignite and/or peat bound in an abrasion-proof manner, which are preferably modified cationically and which have a very high water absorbability. The compositions are produced by reacting isocyanate-terminated prepolymers, which are preferably cationically modified, and which preferably have a functionality of more than 2.1, with more than the stoichiometric quantity of water in the presence of lignite and/or peat and optionally in the presence of organic and/or inorganic fillers and biomasses (living cells, living bacteria or enzymes). The corresponding polyurethane(urea) compositions contain up to 95% by weight of lignite and/or peat in the filler-containing polyurethane(urea) composition and are already swollen from production. The water absorbability (WAF) value thereof when suspended in water is from 33 to 97% by weight of water.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming a chemical composition from two liquid components selected for cross-linking reaction with each other and a product of the method are disclosed, the method including the steps of selecting the components for interaction to form a solid chemical composition product, the components being intimately mixed with an inert blowing agent to avoid altering chemical characteristics of the chemical composition product and to vary density of the product, the mixture being conducted to an application zone through an expansion chamber having internal dimensions selected for achieving substantially complete expansion of the mixture to a substantially relaxed condition as it passes from the expansion chamber. In one embodiment, means are provided for spraying the product onto the application zone. In another embodiment, delay means are provided for causing increased viscosity of the components. Mesh material forms an integral portion of one preferred product.

Abstract: A process for preparing a rubber-asphalt composition, which comprises blending a particulate or powdery rubber composition comprising 100 parts by weight of a particulate or powdery rubber having a particle size of at most 2 mm and from 0.1 to 50 parts by weight of a particulate or powdery blowing agent having a particle size of at most 1 mm, with asphalt containing from 0.1 to 30 parts by weight of an organic base, based on 100 parts by weight of the asphalt.

Abstract: A method of forming a urethane prepolymer comprising the steps of gradually adding an isocyanate compound to a hydrophilic polyether or polyester compound without substantial added mixing whereby a relatively dense isocyanate layer and a polyether or polyester layer overlying the isocyanate layer are formed, and a urethane prepolymer-forming reaction occurs at the interface between the layers. The resulting urethane prepolymer may be reacted with water to form a cellular urethane polymer, or with an aqueous slurry of unconsolidated aggregate material to form a consolidated aggregate product, such as a plant growth supporting rooting medium.

Abstract: Oil shale, more precisely the organic components thereof, or the organic components extracted therefrom, is reacted with a resin or resin precursor reactive therewith, e.g., an epoxy resin, typically in the presence of a curing agent. The resulting composite product illustrates characteristics similar to that of the cured reactive resin or resin precursor. A process for forming such composites is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of forming a hydrophilic urethane prepolymer useful in consolidating aggregate material comprises the steps of adding an isocyanate compound to a hydrophilic polyether or polyester compound which has been heated to such a temperature that the temperature of the reactants after addition of isocyanate is at least as high as about 120.degree. C. The resulting urethane prepolymer may be reacted with an aqueous slurry of unconsolidated aggregate material, such as peat, to form a consolidated aggregate product, such as a plant growth-supporting rooting medium.

Abstract: A flexible or semi-rigid open-cell, polyurethane foam sealing material prepared from a polyisocyanate and a polyol component, a major portion of said polyol component consisting of a polyol derived from a dimer acid or castor oil, castor oil, or a mixture thereof in the presence of a blowing agent, a foam stabilizer, a catalyst, and, optionally, a lipophilic filler.

Abstract: A loudspeaker having a framework with a plurality of openings therein is fitted with an elastic body of a bitumen-containing urethane foam over the rearside of the framework to absorb the acoustic energy transmitted rearwardly from the speaker.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for a polymeric foam such as a polyurethane foam prepared from a reaction mixture comprising an organic polyisocyanate compound and a compound having more than one active hydrogen, wherein the blowing agent comprises a mixture of ethanol and dibutylphthalate. The molar ratio of ethanol to dibutylphthalate is preferably in the range of from about 1.5 to about 4.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of reinforced polyurethane foams based on the reaction of organic polyisocyanates and polyols in the presence of filler dispersions. These dispersions are prepared by in situ crushing of the filler in the polyisocyanate or polyol to a particle size of less than 7 microns.

Abstract: Low temperature curable organic resin compositions, for example, epoxy resins are provided, which can be either exothermically cured or cured in several minutes or less at relatively low temperatures. Certain diaryliodonium salts have been found to spontaneously release strong protonic acids when used in combination with a copper salt and a reducing agent.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a foamed polymeric material from starting materials which include a bitumen and a hydroxy fatty oil is disclosed. In addition to the process itself, certain final products of the process are claimed.

Abstract: An absorbant for use in artificial organs which is obtained by mixing and dissolving pitch with an aromatic compound and a polymer or copolymer of a chain hydrocarbon, dispersing the resultant mixture in water giving rise to beads and subjecting these beads to a series of treatments of removing of the aromatic hydrocarbon, infusibilizing, carbonizing and activating.

Abstract: A foamable polymer composition comprising a resinous polymer and a mixture of polycyclic aromatic polycarboxylic acids carrying nuclear nitro groups that is substantially soluble in acetone but substantially insoluble in water obtained as a result of the nitric acid oxidation of a carbonaceous material, such as coal.