Abstract: Polymeric foams with novel chemical compositions are prepared by the condensation of specially-synthesized precursors, which contain (in addition to carbon and hydrogen) one or more of the following elements: oxygen, fluorine, nitrogen (in structures with stable chemical bonds), silicon, boron, phosphorus (in high oxidation states), and certain metals (and/or their oxides and hydroxides). Upon mixing in the proper proportions and/or heating these precursors react rapidly to generate polymeric networks, consisting of heterocyclic crosslink centers, connected with heterochain segments; hydrogen is largely eliminated or replaced by fluorine. These structures possess inherent nonflammability and high thermoxidative stability. Foaming is effected by the gaseous by-products of the condensation reactions, as well as by the addition of foaming agents. The resulting foam products can be formulated to have a wide range of densities and flexibilities.

Abstract: There is now provided a polyisocyanate-based foam made by reacting an organic polyisocyanate with a polyol solution containing a C.sub.4 -C.sub.7 aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon as a blowing agent. The hydrocarbon blowing agent is soluble in the polyol solution having polyols with polyester linkages by using a reacted or unreacted compatibilizing agent represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is preferentially OH, and R.sup.2 is a C.sub.6 -C.sub.24 aliphatic, branched or unbranched, hydrocarbon group.

Abstract: A process for preparing a polyurethane foam according to the one-shot foaming process by reactions between a polyisocyanate and an active hydrogen-containing component including water and an organic polyol wherein said reactions are conducted in the presence of a salt of a tertiary amine and a carboxylic acid having hydroxyl functionality.

Abstract: There is now provided a polyisocyanate-based foam made by an organic polyisocyanate with a polyol solution containing a C.sub.4 -C.sub.7 aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon as a blowing agent. The hydrocarbon blowing agent is soluble in the polyol solution having polyols with polyester linkages by using a reacted or unreacted compatibilizing agent represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is preferentially OH, and R.sup.2 is a C.sub.6 -C.sub.24 aliphatic, branched or unbranched, hydrocarbon group.

Abstract: Process for preparing a flexible foam from a polyisocyanate, water as blowing agent and an isocyanate-reactive composition comprising a polyol with a low ethylene-oxide (EO) content, a polyol with a high EO content and an amine chain extender/cross-linker.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of rigid polyurethane foam by reaction of a polyfunctional isocyanate-reactive composition with a polyisocyanate composition comprising the reaction product of a stoichiometric excess of an organic polyisocyanate and a substantially fluorinated isocyanate-reactive compound, optionally in the presence of an inert, insoluble fluorinated compound.

Abstract: A method for preparing isocyanates by the thermal decomposition of carbamates in the presence of a sintered oxide as catalyst under gaseous phase condition. The sintered oxide is composed of at least one element selected from the group consisting of boron, aluminum, silicon, tin, lead, antimony, zinc, yttrium, lanthanum, titanium, zirconium, niobium, tungsten, and iron. The sintered oxide may be composed of at least one element selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, alkali metal element, and alkaline earth metal element.

Abstract: A soft, flexible foam characterized in having (i) a hardness, IFD 25% value, of at most 29 lbs/50 in.sup.2, as determined in accordance with Test B.sub.1 of ASTM D 3574 and (ii) a density of about 0.9 to 3.0. pounds per cubic foot is disclosed. Accordingly, the foam is prepared by reacting an organic polyisocyanate with a polyol in the presence of a catalyst and water and a compound conforming to ##STR1## where A is selected from among H, COOH, NH.sub.2, and OH, M is a counter ion, andwhere n, x and m are selected such that said compound has a number average molecular weight of about 500 to 20,000, a functionality of 0 to 10 and a sulfonate concentration of about 0.1 to 30 percent by weight.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a cellular or microcellular polyurethane foam wherein the reactants provide a built-in blowing capability. The process is effected by reacting a polyisocyanate with a carboxy-modified polyol to form a polyurethane and carbon dioxide, said carbon dioxide acting as an in situ blowing agent to foam said polyurethane into a cellular or microcellular polyurethane foam. In another aspect, the present invention relates to a process for forming an integral skin cellular or microcellular polyurethane foam by reacting, in a closed mold, a polyisocyanate with a carboxy-modified polyol to form a polyurethane and carbon dioxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a cellular or microcellular polyurethane foam wherein the reactants provide a built-in blowing capability. The process is effected by reacting a polyisocyanate with a carboxy-modified polyol to form a polyurethane and carbon dioxide, said carbon dioxide acting as an in situ blowing agent to foam said polyurethane into a cellular or microcellular polyurethane foam, said foam being formed in the absence of any chlorinated fluorocarbon blowing agents. In another aspect, the present invention relates to a process for forming an integral skin cellular or microcellular polyurethane foam by reacting, in a closed mold, a polyisocyanate with a carboxy-modified polyol to form a polyurethane and carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A process for producing a foamed polymer comprises the steps of: mixing, in a dissolver, a mixture constituted by at least one isocyanate and a first unsaturated anhydride, which is charged to the dissolver in the liquid state and at a relatively high temperature; progressively cooling said mixture, with continued stirring, until a temperature not higher than 22.degree. C. is reached; adding to the mixture, with the latter being still kept with continuous stirring, a second unsaturated anhydride, at least one foaming agent, a vinylidene compound, poly(vinyl chloride) and a heat stabilizer; maintaining the mixture with continuous stirring, at said temperature, until a paste is obtained which is poured, after being preliminarily filtered, into a mould or container; curing said paste by charging the container to an oven at atmospheric pressure, and at a temperature not higher than 80.degree. C.; completing the curing of the paste-like mixture under pressure, by increasing temperature up to 180.degree. C.

Abstract: Addition of minor quantities of mono- or dicarboxylic acids to polyurethane foam formulations which employ polyisocyanate polyaddition polymer polyol dispersions prevents shrinkage and tightness in polyurethane foams prepared therefrom. If acid addition is made directly after dispersion preparation, reduction of polyol viscosity and more rapid stabilization against viscosity change is observed.

Abstract: A rigid polyurethane foam obtained by foaming a special polyol component and an isocyanate component using only water as a blowing agent has balanced excellent properties including a remarkably low density and a low thermal conductivity and is suitable for use as a heat insulator, particularly in a refrigerator.

Abstract: A process for preparing polyurea or polyurethane/urea foams from a polyamine or aminated polyether polyol is provided. The process comprises reacting the above component with a polyisocyanate (e.g. TDI, MDI etc.), a blowing agent (e.g. water) and a carboxylic acid or carboxylate acid salt. The function of the carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid salt is to slow down the reaction between the amine and the isocyanate so that effective foaming can take place before the reaction is completed.

Abstract: There are disclosed flame-retardant, high-temperature resistant polyimide foams having the general formula ##STR1## The foams have an elevated thermostability and, determined in a thermogravimetric analysis at a heating rate of 20 degrees per minute, have a maximum weight loss between 550.degree. and 650.degree. C. The overall weight loss up to a heating temperature of 350.degree. C. amounts to less than 3% by mass.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for producing a rigid foam by reacting an active hydrogen compound containing an active hydrogen compound containing in its molecular structure a group of a neutralized salt or an alkoxide and a polyisocyanate compound in the presence of a halogenated hydrocarbon blowing agent and an assisting agent such as a catalyst.The active hydrogen compound containing in its molecular structure a group of a neutralized salt or an alkoxide and other active hydrogen compounds are preferably polyols, particularly polyether polyols respectively.The present invention has solved a problem of deterioration of the physical properties, which is problematic in a case where a rigid foam is produced by using a halogenated hydrocarbon blowing agent having hydrogen atoms, and is capable of producing a rigid foam equivalent to a conventional rigid foam obtained by using a halogenated hydrocarbon blowing agent having no hydrogen atoms.

Abstract: Foamed reaction products of organic polyisocyanates containing an average of at least 2 isocyanate groups per molecule with equivalent weights of carbon dioxide-generating, carboxyl group terminated addition reaction products of a polyoxyalkylene polyamine or polyoxyalkylene polyol reactant with a polycarboxylic acid reactant,the polyoxyalkylamine and polyoxyalkyl polyol reactant having an average molecular weight of about 200 to about 5,000 and being selected from the group consisting of polyoxypropylene diamines, polyoxypropylene/oxyethylene diamines, poly(oxytetramethylene) diamines and polyoxypropylene triamines, polyoxypropylene diols, polyoxypropylene/oxyethylene diols, poly(oxytetramethylene) diols and polyoxypropylene triols,the polycarboxylic acid reactant containing 2 to about 45 carbon atoms and being selected from the group consisting of aromatic and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and anhydrides thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of polyamide imides from diimidodicarboxylic acids, trimellitic imidocarboxylic acids and diisocyanates and to their use as moldings, films and binders for paints.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of polymeric foams which comprises reacting under CO.sub.2 liberating conditions an organic polyisocyanate with an aldehyde or ketone having a nucleophilic or isocyanate-reactive center within 6 atoms of the carbon atom of the carbonyl group. The method is useful for making foams with reduced amounts of CFC-blowing agents or even in the absence of CFC-blowing agents.

Abstract: Polyester polyols are prepared by reacting a multifunctional adduct (e.g., maleic anhydride (MA)) and tall oil fatty acid, (TOFA), and then esterifying/transesterifying the MA/TOFA reaction product with an excess of aromatic polyester polyols (preferably such polyols are produced from dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) process residue and polyhydric alcohols). The polyester polyols may be used in the manufacture of rigid polyurethane (PUR) and rigid urethane-modified polyisocyanurate (PUR/PIR) foams.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the production of molded polyurethane foams having a compact surface and a density of at least 250 kg/m.sup.3 by the in-mold foaming of a reaction mixture containinga) a polyisocyanate component containing at least one aromatic polyisocyanate,b) an isocyanate-reactive component containing at least one organic compound having at least two isocyanate-reactive groups andc) a blowing agentat an isocyanate index of 75 to 1500, characterized in that organic carboxylic acids are used as blowing agents c), optionally in addition to other chemical or physical blowing agents.The present invention is also directed to the molded polyurethane foams obtained by this process.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of polyester polyols is disclosed. The method comprises feeding to a reactor at least one aliphatic carboxylic acid or ester thereof, at least one secondary dihydric alcohol and at least one primary trihydric alcohol, heating the resultant admixture and removing water. When at least 95% of the water has been removed, additional primary trihydric alcohol is added and heating is continued. The reactants are selected so that the range of molecular weights thereof is not more than 100. A block polyester polyol is obtained. Polyurethanes obtained from the polyester polyol tend to have more uniform and superior properties. The polyurethanes may be used in variety of end uses.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the production of optionally cellular, polyurea elastomer moldings by reacting a reaction mixture containing(I) a polyisocyanate,(II) a polyether having at least two isocyanate-reactive groups and a molecular weight of 1800 to 12,000 in which at least 50% of the isocyanate-reactive groups are primary and/or secondary amino groups,(III) about 5 to 50% by weight, based on the weight of component (II) of a chain extender comprising a sterically hindered aromatic diamine and(IV) about 1 to 20% by weight, based on the weight of components (II) and (III) of an active hydrogen-containing fatty acid ester having a molecular weight of about 500 to 5000 and prepared by reacting an alcohol with an aliphatic, saturated or unsaturated fatty acid, said ester being characterized in that at least one aliphatic acid which contains more than eight carbon atoms is built into the molelcule, said ester further characterized as having an acid number of 0 to 100 and a hydroxyl numb

Abstract: Improved, flexible, open-celled polyurethane foams of reduced firmness, but with densities comparable to those of standard foams, are described. The foams are formed in situ from the reaction of isocyanate, one or more blowing agents including water, a foam stabilizer, polyether polyols or polyester polyols or a mixture of these polyols, and monofunctional materials chemically analogous to the polyols, in the presence of a catalyst. The monofunctional materials can be alcohols, polyesters, or polyethers. Useful monofunctional alcohols have carbon chain lengths of at least 3, and preferably from 8 to 20. Useful monofunctional polyesters have molecular weights from 300 to 2000, and preferably from 300 to 800. Useful monofunctional polyethers, which are derived from the reaction of a monofunctional alcohol with propylene oxide and/or ethylene oxide, have molecular weights from 100 to 3000, and preferably from 200 to 1800.

Abstract: A polyester polyol composition is prepared by (1) reacting 5 to 40 percent tall oil fatty acids, (b) 20 to 80 percent dimethyl terephthalate process residue and (c) 20 to 60 percent polyhydric alcohol, based on the weight of the reaction mixture, in the presence of an esterification/transesterification catalyst while continuously removing water and methanol that are formed during the reaction, to form a first reaction product containing residual carboxylic acid functionality and (2) reacting 1 to 25 percent of at least one alkylene carbonate, or an equimolar amount of at least one alkylene oxide, with the residual carboxylic acid functionality in the presence of a catalyst. The preferred alkylene carbonate/oxide is ethylene or propylene (or a mixture thereof) carbonate/oxide. A foamed laminate made from the polyester polyol has reduced surface friability and faster rates of cure.

Abstract: Polyurethane/polyisocyanurate rigid foams having low thermal conductivity are prepared from isocyanate-terminated quasi-prepolymers prepared from polyester polyols derived from phthalic anhydride or from the transesterification of polyethylene terephthalate scrap.

Abstract: A thermoplastic polyurethane endowed with improved heat distortion resistance, which comprises the product of reaction ofat least one polyisocyanate, preferably an organic diisocyanate;at least one polyol material reactive with the isocyanate and having a molecular weight higher than 400;a chain extender having a molecular weight lower than 400; andan aromatic anhydride having the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein A is a possibly substituted (C.sub.6 -C.sub.30) aromatic radical, m may be 0 or an integer from 1 to 3, and n is an integer equal to 1 or 2.

Abstract: Open-cell structures are filled with polyimide foam formed in place by the use of a foam precursor in powdered form comprised of a combination of (a) the reaction product of an excess of organic polyisocyanate and a member selected from the group consisting of furfuryl alcohol and condensation products thereof, and (b) an organic polycarboxylic compound containing two carboxylic anhydride groups. The precursor is prepared by combining the species under conditions which favor the reaction of the furfuryl alcohol with the polyisocyanate, but not the polyimide-forming reaction. The polyimide-forming reaction itself is then performed by adding preselected amounts of the powdered precursor, depending on the desired ultimate density of the foam, to each cell of the open-cell structure, then heating to initiate the polyimide reaction, and permitting the carbon dioxide generated by the reaction to escape while confining the resulting foam to the cells.

Abstract: A modified polyol, suitable for use as a non-aqueous dispersant in the preparation of polymer/polyols containing high levels of polymer, is provided. The modified polyol comprises the product obtained by reaction of a polyol with a coupling agent having at least two functional groups which are reactable with hydroxyl groups on the polyol. Suitable coupling agents include silicon compounds having two such functional groups, organic compounds having two or more alkoxy groups, saturated dicarboxylic acid derivatives, alkyl or aryl esters of carbonic acid, alkyl or aryl sulphonates, boric acid or its esters and titanates.

Abstract: Open-cell structures are filled with polyimide foam formed in place by the use of a foam precursor in powdered form comprised of a combination of (a) the reaction product of an excess of organic polyisocyanate and a member selected from the group consisting of furfuryl alcohol and condensation products thereof, and (b) an organic polycarboxylic compound containing two carboxylic anhydride groups. The precursor is prepared by combining the species under conditions which favor the reaction of the furfuryl alcohol with the polyisocyanate, but not the polyimide-forming reaction. The polyimide-forming reaction itself is then performed by adding preselected amounts of the powdered precursor, depending on the desired ultimate density of the foam, to each cell of the open-cell structure, then heating to initiate the polyimide reaction, and permitting the carbon dioxide generated by the reaction to escape while confining the resulting foam to the cells.

Abstract: Open-cell structures are filled with polyimide foam formed in place by the use of a foam precursor in powdered form comprised of a combination of (a) the reaction product of an excess of organic polyisocyanate and a member selected from the group consisting of furfuryl alcohol and condensation products thereof, and (b) an organic polycarboxylic compound containing two carboxylic anhydride groups. The precursor is prepared by combining the species under conditions which favor the reaction of the furfuryl alcohol with the polyisocyanate, but not the polyimide-forming reaction. The polyimide-forming reaction itself is then performed by adding preselected amounts of the powdered precursor, depending on the desired ultimate density of the foam, to each cell of the open-cell structure, then heating to initiate the polyimide reaction, and permitting the carbon dioxide generated by the reaction to escape while confining the resulting foam to the cells.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the production of a thixotropic agent by reacting a polyisocyanate containing a uretdione group with a polybasic carboxylic acid containing at least one carboxyl group and, optionally, OH groups. The present invention is also directed to thixotropic high molecular weight polyols containing the above thixotropic agent. Finally, the present invention is directed to storable, reactive polyurethane systems comprising thixotropic polyols and polyisocyanates which are essentially unreactive with the polyols at room temperature.

Abstract: Rigid flame resistant polyurethane foams are made by reacting an aromatic polyisocyanate with a mixture of 25-75% oligoester and another isocyanate-reactive material in the presence of a blowing agent at an NCO index of less than 300. These foams which have an ASTM E-84 Class 1 rating are particularly useful in construction applications.

Abstract: Amine-modified polyurethane (urea) foams are made by reacting a polyisocyanate with a relatively high molecular weight isocyanate-reactive compound in the presence of a difunctional and/or polyfunctional amine corresponding to the formula(e) ##STR1## in which X, R', R", m and n each represent specified groups or values. The amine is used in a quantity of from 0.01 to 5 parts by weight for every 100 parts by weight relatively high molecular weight isocyanate-reactive compound. Known additives and auxiliaries may also be included in the reaction mixture. The foams thus produced are characterized by improved mechanical properties and reduced amine odor. These foams are usefuel as cushioning materials, insulating materials, coatings and elastomeric materials.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing polyurethane foam by mixing (a) polyisocyanate, (b) polyol, (c) blowing agent, (d) catalyst and, as required (e) surface active agent, filler, or other such additive, the said method being characterized in that the polyisocyanate (a) is a prepolymer with isocyanate end groups produced from a polyester polyol and a blended polyisocyanate component comprising 45-95 weight % of diphenylmethane diisocyanate and 55-5 weight % of a polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate with a functionality of 3 or more.

Abstract: An open celled, dimensionally stable, flexible urethane foam and method of preparing such foam, which method comprises adding a cell opening dimensionally stabilizing amount of an additive to a foamable urethane composition, and thereafter foaming the composition containing such additive to provide a dimensionally stable, flexible urethane foam product. The additive mixture employed comprises an ester reaction product of a long chain acid with polyethylene or polypropylene glycols and/or contains free acid to provide for a desired acid value. The dimensionally stable, flexible foam product produced is particularly useful in the automotive industry as a flexible molded-type foam for use as cushions and seats.

Abstract: A flexible polyurethane foam formulation which is non-reactive at or near ambient temperatures is provided. The formulation comprises a polyisocyanate, a polyfunctional active hydrogen containing compound, an amine catalyst, a blowing agent and a polyether acid. The formulation which becomes reactive above 40.degree. C. has the advantage, over similar systems based on formic acid, that the polyurethane foam is not tight and does not suffer from skin peeling.

Abstract: A flexible polyurethane foam formulation which is non-reactive at or near ambient temperature is provided. The formulation comprises a polyisocyanate, a polyfunctional active hydrogen containing compound, an amine catalyst, a blowing agent and a polyether acid. The formulation which becomes reactive above 40.degree. C. has the advantage, over similar systems based on formic acid, that the polyurethane foam is not tight and does not suffer from skin peeling.

Abstract: The preparation of isocyanurate foams from a recycled polyethylene terephthalate polyol modified with alkoxylated amines and alkoxylated amides is disclosed. These modified foams exhibit improved fluorocarbon solubility, and do not cause the resultant polyols to be monofunctional, but rather difunctional. The foams may be used for building, roofing and sheathing applications.

Abstract: Disclosed are polyester polyols prepared by esterifying tall oil with an excess of aromatic polyester polyols. The polyester polyols that are produced by this process are compatible with a trichlorofluoromethane blowing agent and are suitable for use in the manufacture of polyurethane and urethane-modified polyisocyanurate foams.

Abstract: An open celled, dimensionally stable, flexible urethane foam and method of preparing such foam, which method comprises adding a cell opening dimensionally stabilizing amount of an additive to a foamable urethane composition, and thereafter foaming the composition containing such additive to provide a dimensionally stable, flexible urethane foam product. The additive mixture employed comprises an ester reaction product of a long chain acid with polyethylene or polypropylene glycols and/or contains free acid to provide for a desired acid value. The dimensionally stable, flexible foam product produced is particularly useful in the automotive industry as a flexible molded-type foam for use as cushions and seats.

Abstract: An absorbent superwicking crosslinked polyurethane foam composition, into which is incorporated an effective amount of at least one amino acid, a one percent by weight aqueous solution of which has a pH of no more than about 8. The amino acid contains one amino group and at least one carboxylic acid group. A method for preparing such compositions also is described.The polyurethane foam composition is useful as a sponge and in the manufacture of such absorbent composite structures as disposable diapers, incontinent products, disposable bibs, feminine care products such as tampons and napkins, and the like.

Abstract: Organic polyisocyanates characterized by allophanate linkages are prepared by reacting an organic polyisocyanate with a mono- or polyhydric compound in the presence of an organo metal catalyst. The catalyst is then deactivated using a compound such as an inorganic acid, organic acid, organic chloroformate or an organic acid chloride. The isocyanates are useful in preparing polyurethane foams.

Abstract: A water-absorbing sponge comprises at least one of a pendent sulfo-group containing polyurea and polyurethane, the polymer containing at least one sulfonate equivalent per 20,000 molecular weight units.

Abstract: Stable, fluid polymer polyols made by the free radical polymerization of a monomer mixture of an .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydride and a copolymerizable monomer in an organic polyol medium of secondary hydroxyl terminated polyol are disclosed. In one embodiment, the polymer polyols form stable, acrylonitrile-free dispersions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of cellular or non-cellular polyurethane-polyurea molded articles. The new process involves the use of urethane and isocyanurate group modified 2,4- and/or 2,6-toluene diisocyanate mixtures as the polyisocyanate component to improve the flowability of the reaction mixture without adversely affecting the mechanical properties of the resulting molded articles.

Abstract: Reaction of an aromatic dianhydride with a polycyclic aromatic primary diamine at a controlled reaction rate yields a diamic acid dianhydride oligomer. The oligomer may be a precursor for an imide foam which forms at low temperature, has outstanding physical characteristics, and is extremely heat resistant. The diamic acid moiety may be converted to diimide, and other modifications of the oligomer are disclosed. Other derivatives of the oligomers are also disclosed.

Abstract: A water-absorbing sponge comprises at least one of a sulfo- group containing polyurea and polyurethane, the polymer containing at least one sulfonate equivalent per 20,000 molecular weight units.

Abstract: Methods of producing high molecular weight polyamide-imide foams having superior flame resistance and the foam products produced thereby. Initially, an imidocarboxylic acid is prepared by reacting a suitable oxoimine with a suitable cyclic dianhydride at a temperature of from about 25.degree. to 250.degree. C. in the presence of a solvent or by melt condensation without a solvent. The ratio of oxoimine to dianhydride may be varied to vary the number of imido groups in the final monomer. The imidocarboxylic acid monomer is reacted with an organic isocyanate in the presence of a suitable tertiary diamine catalyst and water to produce the polyamide-imide foam. The material foams spontaneously at room temperature. The reaction may be accelerated by heat or the addition of suitable metal salts. Additives, such as surfactants, flame retardants, fillers, etc., may be added if desired.

Abstract: Half-ester adducts and improved polymer-polyols, both useful in the production of polyurethane foams and other synthetic materials are provided, as well as synthetic end products. The half-ester adducts are produced by reaction between polyols and polycarboxylic compounds including dibasic carboxylic acids and dibasic carboxylic anhydrides.