Abstract: Non-asbestos ion-polymer composite friction materials show high heat resistance and low wear, being especially useful for friction elements in brake shoes or blocks in automobiles and industrial machines. The non-asbestos ion-polymer composites are basically composed of a polyacrylonitrile fiber and an ion-polymer used as binder matrix. An optional friction modifier can be added to include, e.g., carbon, graphite and/or MoS.sub.2, etc. The ion-polymer is polymerized from alpha, beta-unsaturated-gamma-carbonyl monomers, e.g., acrylic acid, or esters thereof or their comonomers, directly onto the solid surface of divalent metal compounds, e.g., Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn salt(s) and/or oxide(s).

Abstract: A non-asbestos friction material composition suitable for use as a friction element includes: a binder; a reinforcing material; and a structural integriy imparting amount of cellulose ester fibrils.

Abstract: A high friction brake shoe formulation having a high static friction coefficient in shear of about 1.5 and low adhesion to materials having microscopic pores therein in contact with said brake shoe formulation which comprises a mixture of about 75 phr of neoprene W rubber and about 25 phr of neoprene WHV rubber; a first curing system comprising about 1 phr of a fatty acid, about 5 phr of ZnO, and about 1-3 phr of MgO; and a second curing system comprising about 1.25 phr of sulfur and about 0.6 phr of a sulfur accelerator; together with about 50 phr of a reinforcing agent of N555 or N650 carbon black.

Abstract: A friction material is disclosed, which is characterized in that, in the friction material comprising reinforcing material, friction modifier, solid lubricant and thermosetting organic binder, said thermosetting organic binder is a resin having less hydroxyl group content compared with phenol resin.

Abstract: A friction material containing 0.85 to 30% by weight of carbon fibers and 2 to 20% by weight of aramid fibers for use as brake pads, brake linings, clutch facings and other mechanical component parts which are subjected to severe frictional contact with other mechanical component parts. The aramid fibers preferably consist of para-aramid fibers and/or a combination of chopped aramid fibers and fibrillar aramide fibers. There is a certain preferred range for the ratio between the aramid fiber content and the carbon fiber content. This friction material offers advantages in a high-temperature stability of the coefficient of friction, a favorable wear property, freedom from sticking and uneven wears, and superior anti-fade properties.

Abstract: A brake-friction material comprising:(a) a base material having a fiber structure for giving a high mechanical strength and a high friction coefficient to the brake-friction material;(b) a lubricant for decreasing a wear of the brake-friction material;(c) a filler for giving a heat stability to the brake-friction material and helping friction characteristic of the brake-friction material; and(d) a bonding material composed;wherein the bonding material is composed of condensed polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon resin.

Abstract: A friction material composite especially suitable for an electromagnetic clutch, includes a reinforcing fiber material, optionally an organic filler, an inorganic filler, and a friction and abrasion conditioner bonded together by a thermosetting resin binder. The reinforcing fiber material contains 25 to 35 percent by volume of staple cellulose pulp of not more than 150 .mu.m in fiber length. The organic filler contains 30 to 40 percent by weight of an organic filler material of not more than 840 .mu.m in maximum grain size. The friction and abrasion conditioner contains and 0.5 to 5 percent by volume of aluminum oxide and/or magnesium oxide of not more than 250 .mu.m in maximum grain size. The material composite has a porosity in the range of 15 to 30 percent by volume.

Abstract: An improved fibrous polyacrylonitrile mixture for use in friction products enables the production of low resiliency preforms by mixing an additive with a polyacrylonitrile wet gel. The additive is incorporated into the fiber in extremely large amounts. The additive is a member selected from the group consisting of:(a) polyethylene glycol esters of pelargonic acid; or(b) polyethylene glycol esters of enanthic, caprylic or capric acids; or(c) blends of polyethylene glycol esters of enanthic, caprylic, pelargonic, or capric acids; or(d) blends of polyethylene glycol esters of carboxylic acids derived from natural products containing at least 50% by weight of carboxylic acids containing less than 14 carbon atoms; or(e) reaction products of ethylene oxide and carboxylic acid amides wherein at least 70% of the acids from which the amide is derived contain between 16 and 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A friction material containing from about 0.5-29 wt % of carbonaceous fibers with a bond nitrogen content of from about 14 to 21 wt %, an auxiliary material and a thermosetting resin. The material has good wear and temperature resistance characteristics and can be used in power transmissions and brakes.

Abstract: In a friction material wherein sponge iron is a principle friction producing component especially on initial engagement during a brake application, the improvement wherein 10-50% of the sponge iron is replaced with mill scale without a substantial change in the operational characteristics of the friction material.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of shaped frictional elements is provided. The method comprises mixing a first portion of a frictional filler with from 5% to 30% of certain liquid, alkaline, phenol-formaldehyde resins; mixing a second portion of the same or a different frictional filler with a liquid ester curing catalyst for the phenyl-formaldehyde resin; intimately mixing the first and second portions; and allowing the resultant mixture to cure in a mould. A composition comprising a frictional filler, the above resin, and a curing catalyst is also provided. The disclosed method is quick and economical and is carried out at room temperature without the hazards and inconveniences associated with heated moulds.

Abstract: A friction material comprising 40 to 95% by volume of a granular material and a thermoset binder resin for binding said granular material, said granular material having been produced by binding at least one powder material with a binder resin so that at least 50% by weight of the granules has a particle size between 140 mesh on and 7 mesh pass, which has good fade resistance and wear resistance.

Abstract: A composition of material for use as a friction material for a brake lining wherein steel fiber is the only metallic ingredient and the holding matrix is formed by rubber particles and phenolic resin. The holding matrix being strengthened by a reaction of the resin with calcium hydroxide. When the steel fiber comprises from 25-48% by weight of the total mixture and the rubber particles and phenolic resin comprise 17-25% by weigh of the total mixture, a sufficient structural unity is produced for the resulting friction material to withstand dynamic loading experienced during a brake application.

Abstract: A method of preventing the rust-forming and adherence between friction material and opposite friction member by incorporating into the friction material a mixture or reaction product of boric acid and zinc oxide as an additive in an amount of 0.5 to 20 wt. %.

Abstract: A friction material particularly useful for vehicle brakes comprises a friction material body including a plurality of steel fibers. Each steel fiber includes at least 0.07% by weight of sulphur, at least 0.10% by weight of phosphorus, or at least 0.15% by weight of both sulphur and phosphorus. The friction material exhibits high friction coefficients and less abrasion with respect to materials against which it bears as compared to conventional wear materials utilizing steel fibers.

Abstract: A friction material having particular use in brake pads for motor vehicles. The material includes iron powder as its chief constituent. In addition, the material contains phosphorous (P) of 0.02% or more of sulfur (S) of 0.02% or more or combined P and S of 0.03% or more.

Abstract: A non-asbestos clutch facing has an actual density such that the facing is permeable to air. The clutch facing is preferably a moulded facing containing short reinforcing fibres and having an actual density not greater than 90% of theoretical.The facing may be made by a technique in which a pre-form is prepared, moulded to the desired density and then cured under a pressure such as not to cause substantial further density change.

Abstract: Low density friction products composed of non-asbestos reinforcing fibers embedded in a matrix of binder material, optionally including friction and wear modifiers, are described in which the actual density of the product is less than 72% of the theoretical density. Clutch facings of this density exhibit improved wear characteristics, lower inertia and increased burst strength.

Abstract: The compositions of friction element for molding and the friction element for molding formed from the composition characterizing by addition of any one or more than two of the cermet powder (A) contained 75-50% of the mixed carbon and 25-50% of the alloy of stainless and iron series, the cermet powder (B) contained 75-50% of the mixed carbon and 25-50% of the alloy of tungsten and iron and/or the alloy of molybdenum and iron series or the cermet powder (E) of 75-50% of the mixed carbon and 25-50% of metal iron series, in range of 15-50%.

Abstract: Method for the production of friction linings, in which a mixture of fibers and wetting agents with water, in a fiber:water-mixture ratio from about 1:3 to 1:7, in the presence of plastifying components, is homogenized, the so formed plastic mass is shaped into a formed body, the formed body is dried, and then strengthened and hardened under heat and pressure. According to a variation, additives are first intensively mixed in after homogenization of the mixture containing fibers, wetting agent, plastifying component and water. The plastifying component may be a pectin, a polysaccharide, a vegetable glue or a viscose solution, in particular algin or gum arabic. Moreover, the plastifying component may be a colloid, in particular an aqueous colloid. It may also be a fiber colloid. In that case, it is preferred for the fiber colloid content to be greater than about 30% by weight.

Abstract: A composition of material for use as a friction material in a brake and its method of manufacture. Liquid double salts of dibasic and monobasic (ammonium-potassium hydrogen) phosphoric acid (DSP) is added to a dry mixture of reinforcing fiber, friction modifiers, fillers and phenolic resin to create a high viscosity slurry. Thereafter, a metallic (magnesium) oxide and para formaldehyde (para) are added to the slurry. Molds which have been previously heated are filled with the slurry and any excess removed. The metallic oxide reacts with the DSP and the para reacts with the phenolic resin to create a two binder matrix for holding the reinforcing fiber, friction material and fillers in a fixed relationship corresponding to the shape of a brake pad. The brake pads are removed from the molds and transported to a ventilated chamber where the internal curing proceeds at or near ambient temperature to complete the manufacture of the brake pad.

Abstract: A brake system of a semi-metallic friction material and a braking component is characterized in that the friction material contains a metallic fiber and/or a metallic powder, a part or all of which has a lower hardness than that of the braking component.

Abstract: A wet friction material composition for use in clutches, brakes and the like is composed of a resilient binder comprising a fluoroelastomer. The friction material is characterized by containing a significant amount of wollastonite as a filler, which unexpectedly alters the ratio between the dynamic and static coefficients of friction exhibited by the friction material during actual use.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire with sulfur cured rubber tread composition containing a medium vinyl polybutadiene rubber and at least one rubber selected from cis 1,4-polyisoprene rubber, styrene/butadiene copolymer rubber and cis 1,3-polybutadiene rubber. The composition also contains both carbon black and clay reinforcement in conjunction with a 3,3'-bis(trimethoxysilylpropyl) polysulfide.

Abstract: There is disclosed the use of decarboxylated rosins as total or partial replacements for oil in rubber formulations. Vulcanizate properties, low temperature performance, and processibility are comparable when using either the decarboxylated rosins or an aromatic extending oil, however, the decarboxylated rosin extended rubber demonstrates improved abrasion resistance.

Abstract: A friction material for brake linings is formed using a polystilbazole resin (3-16% by weight) to provide the matrix for the material. The balance of the material is filler material such as steel wool, metal powders, carbon, ceramic powders, and friction modifiers. The lining is produced by mixing the ingredients and hot pressing the mixture at temperatures which promote the flow and cure of the resin, and at pressures which produce a material of suitable density.

Abstract: Chemically reactive liquids such as catalyzed monomers and prepolymers are mixed with finely divided solids to form a homogeneous blend by chilling the liquid to a temperature below its solidification point, forming it into finely divided solidly frozen particulates, chilling the finely divided solids to a temperature below the solidification temperature of the reactive liquid and mixing the materials together without allowing the temperature to rise to the liquid solidification point. The admixture may then be formed into a permanent shape by warming to a temperature whereat the frozen liquid melts and the liquid is caused to react.

Abstract: A method for using alkanolamine-carboxylic acid salts as a coating for friction materials which during use contact, at least part of the time, rustable metals. The method comprises contacting the friction material with an aqueous solution comprising at least about 0.05 weight alkanolamine-carboxylic acid salts being the reaction product of:(i) alkanolamine; and(ii) C.sub.4 -C.sub.20 carboxylic acid;and thereafter evaporating water from the aqueous coating on the friction material so as to leave the friction material with a coating comprising alkanolamine-carboxylic acid salts. Friction materials coated by above method are also claimed.

Abstract: A friction material useful in automobile brakes and the like, comprises as a reinforcing agent steel wool coated with a thermosetting resin such as a phenolic resole resin.