Abstract: Water-borne paints containing reduced molecular weight polysaccharide derivatives that are resistant to enzyme hydrolysis. The water-borne paints are biostable, retaining at least about 80% of their initial viscosity 24 hours after they are inoculated with polysaccharide hydrolysis enzyme.

Abstract: Phase-change (hot melt) ink compositions for use in a phase change (hot melt) ink jet recording device are disclosed to comprise:(a) from about 0.1% to about 30% of one or more colorants; and(b) from about 0.1 to about 99.9% of one or more reversibly-crosslinked-polymers.Recording is conducted by thermally melting the ink at a temperature above ambient temperature (20.degree. C.) to provide prints that possess high quality images, scratch resistance, abrasion resistance, low-temperature storage stability and flexibilty, offset and pick resistance, adhesion, and other desired properties. Components other than those listed above may be included in the ink compositions to achieve specific printer, substrate, or end use requirements. Furthermore, the present invention also includes methods for the preparation of reversibly-crosslinked-polymers and for their use in the above-described inks.

Abstract: A non-aqueous slurry comprising(a) one or more water soluble polymers;(b) polyalkylene glycol or thickened polyalkylene glycol; and a(c) a slurry stabilizer comprising an amine phosphate ester salt is provided. The slurry has a number of applications, including oil recovery, and in the paper and textile industries.

Abstract: The invention is directed to the use of an aqueous protective coating composition containing a binder system and an associative thickener for industrial coatings. The associative thickener is not a polyurethane thickener and is selected so that its concentration required by the specific application method is below the critical concentration C*, defined as the thickener concentration at which the coils of the thickener polymer start to overlap of entangle calculated according to the Mark Houwink equation.

Abstract: A production method of a magnesium hydroxide solid solution, Mg.sub.1-x M.sup.2+ .sub.x (OH).sub.2 or a resin and/or rubber material having as its effective elements containing said solid solution as its flame retardant, characterized by having M.sup.2+ distributed unevenly in a high concentration in the vicinity of the surface of each crystal, in the magnesium solid represented by the formula Mg.sub.1-x M.sup.2+ .sub.x (OH).sub.2 wherein M.sup.2+ is at least one divalent metal ion selected from the group consisting of Mn.sup.2+, Fe.sup.2+, Ni.sup.2+, Cu.sup.2+, Zn.sup.2+ and x indicates a range of 0.001.ltoreq.x<0.5.

Abstract: A moldable composition and method of making the same, the composition including a binding mixture and filler in the form of crystalline, irregular, approximately polygonally shaped particles. The binding mixture preferably includes polyvinyl-based binders such as polyvinyl alcohol, water, a cross-linking agent such as borax, and a humectant such as propylene glycol. Furthermore, a cellulose-based thickener may be added to the binding mixture, as may a pH-adjusting compound such as sodium carbonate. The crystalline particles preferably are ground styrene having a maximum dimension ranging from one-half to three millimeters.

Abstract: Elastomer films in which active chemical substances, such as corrosion inhibitors, lubricants or biocides for medical use are uniformly dispersed in the form of gel inclusions, processes for preparation and applications of these films.The elastomer film contains at least one active chemical substance in the form of a phase which is dispersed in the elastomer, wherein the disperse phase is in the form of a gel, reversible or irreversible, as a function of temperature, and filled with an active chemical substance.

Abstract: Water-borne paints containing reduced molecular weight polysaccharide derivatives that are resistant to enzyme hydrolysis. The water-borne paints are biostable, retaining at least about 80% of their initial viscosity 24 hours after they are inoculated with polysaccharide hydrolysis enzyme. A process for making the biostable water-borne paints has the steps: a) treating precursor polysaccharide derivative with polysaccharide hydrolysis enzyme in aqueous medium for a time sufficient to obtain reduced molecular weight polysaccharide derivative; and b) mixing the reduced molecular weight polysaccharide derivative with an effective amount of at least one other water-borne paint ingredient to obtain a water-borne paint.

Abstract: A pressure sensitive adhesive(PSA) composition includes a latex system of an aqueous polymer dispersion derived from ethylenically-unsaturated monomers in the presence of a water soluble protective colloid. The PSA compositions are used in the manufacture of a variety of articles that are intended to be easily attachable to another substrate by the application of pressure alone.

Abstract: An emulsion polymer is disclosed by the present invention. In particular, the emulsion polymer comprises a protective colloid and a functionalized silane component which is of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R" is C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, R' is C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, R is SH, CH.sub.2 .dbd.CH--, CH.sub.2 .dbd.C(CH.sub.3)--C(O)O--, CH.sub.2 .dbd.CH--C(O)O--, and ##STR2## n is 1-10, and m is 2 or 3.

Abstract: Natural or synthetic wax dissolved in the continuous organic phase of an water-in-oil emulsion retards evaporation of water from a dispersed aqueous phase. An in situ prepared equilibrium mixture of benzyl alcohol, formic acid and benzyl formate emulsified with oleic hydroxyethyl imidazoline or similar oil soluble emulsifying agent is thickened with hydroxypropyl cellulose or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and contains 0.1 to 1.0% by weight paraffin wax with a melting point of 47.degree. to 65.degree. C. Wax dissolved in the organic phase retards evaporation of water, and formic acid or ammonia which are very volatile in comparison with benzyl alcohol forming the major component of the organic phase. A petroleum distillate is used to pre-wet a hydroxypropyl cellulose thickener and dissolve the wax.

Abstract: This invention is a screen-printable ink receptive composition. It contains (a) a hydrophilic polymer and (b) a thickener and has (c) a viscosity of 10 to 1,000 poise at shear rates less than 10.degree. s.sup.-1 and exhibits (d) a shear thinning behavior defined by the following relationship:log(viscosity)=A ?log(shear rate)!wherein A represents (e) the slope of the line obtained by plotting log(viscosity) against log(shear rate) and has (f) a value of up to -0.1 when calculated over shear rates ranging from 10.degree. to 10.sup.-2 s.sup.-1.

Abstract: A polymer composition, a process for the production of a polymer composition, in particular of an absorbent, are disclosed which substantially consist of a special component A based on renewable polysaccharide raw materials, a special component B consisting of a water-soluble polymer, a matrix material, an ionic and/or covalent cross-linking agent, or an anti-blocking agent, which is obtainable in that the water-swellable polymer is brought together with the polysaccharide polymer, that these are dried and ground then, the other components are added, and mixing up to homogeneity is effected followed by a heat treatment, and that during the addition of the cross-linking agent, after said heat treatment, the same is optionally fixed by the matrix by means of a final heat treatment.Additionally the use of this polymer composition and (animal) hygiene items and chemico-technical products are disclosed which comprise a previously manufactured polymer composition.

Abstract: Natural or synthetic wax dissolved in the continuous organic phase of an water-in-oil emulsion retards evaporation of water from a dispersed aqueous phase. An in situ prepared equilibrium mixture of benzyl alcohol, formic acid and benzyl formate emulsified with oleic hydroxyethyl imidazoline or similar oil soluble emulsifying agent is thickened with hydroxypropyl cellulose or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and contains 0.1 to 1.0% by weight paraffin wax with a melting point of 47.degree. to 65.degree. C. Wax dissolved in the organic phase retards evaporation of water, and formic acid or ammonia which are very volatile in comparison with benzyl alcohol forming the major component of the organic phase. A petroleum distillate is used to pre-wet a hydroxypropyl cellulose thickener and dissolve the wax.

Abstract: This invention relates to paper coating compositions comprising pigment, adhesive binder and rheology modifier wherein the rheology modifier comprises at least one of a) a mixture of guar and at least one other water-soluble polymer in sufficient amount to reduce the amount of guar adsorbed onto the pigment, or b) reduced molecular weight guar. The invention also relates to processes for making coated paper using the coating compositions, and to paper coated with the coating compositions.

Abstract: Copolymers containing carboxyl groups in aqueous dispersion form or redispersible powder form and their water-soluble salts, based on ethylenically unsaturated and copolymerizable monomers, the macro-molecules of which contain at least 24% by weight of monomer units carrying carboxyl groups prepared, by emulsion copolymerization initiated by free radicals in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) dissolved in the aqueous phase and isolation of the copolymers in aqueous dispersion form, and optionally subsequent removal of water by spray drying to obtain redispersible copolymer powders and processes for their preparation and their use as thickeners in aqueous formulations which copolymers, by conversion into their water-soluble salt forms, are useful as thickening agents having a surprisingly advantageous rheology-modifying action in aqueous systems.

Abstract: The present invention provides thermoplastically workable and completely biodegradable moulding compositions, a process for the preparation thereof and the use thereof as biodegradable materials for the production of, for example, injection-moulded parts, films, fibres or coatings.

Abstract: This invention provides certain carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) esters of higher acids (e.g., CMC acetate propionate, CMC propionate, CMC acetate butyrate, and CMC butyrate). These new ether derivatives of cellulose esters exhibit solubility in a wide range of organic solvents, compatibility with a variety of resins, and ease of dispersion in a water-borne formulation and are useful in coating compositions as binder resins and theology modifiers.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a multicolor paint formulation which is comprised of:(1) from about 5 to about 30 weight percent of a neutralized latex made by a method which comprises (A) free radical aqueous emulsion polymerizing at a pH of less than about 3.5 a monomer mixture which comprises, based on 100 weight percent monomers: (a) from about 45 to about 85 weight percent vinyl aromatic monomers, (b) from about 15 to about 50 weight percent of at least one alkyl acrylate monomer, and (c) from about 1 to about 6 weight percent of at least one unsaturated carbonyl compound; in the presence of about 0.5 to 4.0 phm at least one phosphate ester surfactant and in the presence of about 0.5 to 4.0 phm of at least one water insoluble nonionic surface active agent to produce a latex, and (B) neutralizing the latex with ammonia to a pH which is within the range of about 7 to about 10.5 to produce the neutralized latex;(2) from about 0.5 to about 10 weight percent of hectorite clay;(3) from about 0.

Abstract: A dosage form is disclosed comprising an injection-molded housing member free of organic solvents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to absorbent materials comprising fibers cross-linked by a suitable heat activatable compound therefor, and wherein said heat activatable compound is associated with substantially the entire surface of each fiber, said materials being preparable by mixing of an aerated suspension of the charged fibers with the heat activated compound before heating and compressing, such fibers having a capacity for fluid absorption considerably greater than has been heretofore known for such materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to absorptive dressings which are highly absorbent and which retain moisture, said dressings comprising cross-linked cellulosic fibers wherein the cross-linker has been blended with the fibers after electrostatically charging the fibers, the retentive membrane being a layer of thermoplastic which has been laminated onto the dressing at its glass transition temperature, thereby giving the membrane selective moisture permeability properties.

Abstract: An improved denture adhesive that exhibits superior tack, adhesion, cohesive strength and spreadability characteristics is made from a hydrocarbon-free base consisting of a mixture of medium length chain triglycerides which have been mixed with a small amount of fumed silica and other components so as to improve the viscosity, spreadability and taste. Preferred triglycerides include captic and caprylic acids and in particular, a mixture of the caprylic and captic acids which are combines with fumed silica and a water soluble cellosic polymer and a synthetic methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymer that is formulated as a paste or gel.

Abstract: A composition for coating wet rubber particles during extrusion and pelletization prior to drying comprising an inorganic partitioning agent, a thickener and binder reagent, water and a water soluble anionic dispersant, and the process for application to elastomers including those of low viscosity or high resin content to improve their processability during manufacture.

Abstract: A latex composition comprising, as a rheology modifier, an effective amount of a boehmite alumina having a crystal size (020 plane) of less than about 60 Angstroms and a surface area, when calcined to gamma phase, of greater than approximately 200 m.sup.2 /g, the boehmite alumina being present in an amount effective to obtain the desired rheological properties of the composition.

Abstract: Flow of a stream comprised of hydrocarbons is improved by introducing into the stream a stable, non-agglomerating suspension comprising:(a) water,(b) highly dispersed in the water, and substantially insoluble therein, and extremely finely-divided, non-crystalline, ultra-high molecular weight, hydrocarbon-soluble, undegraded polyalkene having 2 to about 30 carbon atoms per alkene precursor and an inherent viscosity of at least 20 dL/g, and(c) a small but effective amount of a surfactant having a HLB of at least about 9. The finely divided polyalkene is prepared by polymerization and then cryogrinding below the glass transition temperature of the polyalkene.

Abstract: A Fluidized Polymer Suspension (FPS) thickener comprising a hydroxyethylcellulose and/or alkyl or arylalkyl hydrophobically modified hydroxyethylcellulose added continuously to an aqueous dispersion increases productivity for manufacture of aqueous coating compositions. The FPS can be stored and metered without delays associated with dry powders. A latex paint is continuously produced by simultaneously or sequentially mixing latex binder, dispersed pigment and FPS thickener along with other ingredients.

Abstract: An ink composition for thermal transfer using a basic dye, or a cationic dye, is disclosed. The ink composition for thermal transfer contains the basic dye and an organic high polymer, with the basic dye being dissolved or dispersed into the organic high polymer with a solubilizing agent compatible with both the basic dye and the organic high polymer. The solubilizing agent is an amphipathic compound, preferably, having an HLB value of 7 or greater. By forming an ink layer containing the ink composition for thermal transfer on a base, an ink ribbon for thermal transfer is formed. A thermal transfer target sheet having a receptor layer containing an interlayer compound substituted by an ion exchangeable with the basic dye and a binder resin is used. The ion exchangeable with the basic dye is exemplified by an organic ion, such as an organic onium ion.

Abstract: An improved joint compound is provided that has from about 0.2 to about 0.9% of a thickener system selected from unborated hydroxypropylguar or a blend of an unborated hydroxypropylguar and 1-3% of a cellulose ether. This thickener system is either in dry form or as a fluid suspension. This joint compound is useful for the installation of wall board paneling in residential commercial, and industrial buildings.

Abstract: A cross-linked gel-like composition of matter. The composition is capable of being used as a modeling compound, as well as being moldable, extrudable, stretchable, and being inflated into bubbles for use as a play activity. The composition is based on a cohesive polyvinyl alcohol non-adhesive and substantially non-drying composition that is safe if accidentally ingested and can be washed from fabrics and carpets with water.

Abstract: Cellulose ether derivatives comprising a hydrophobic substituent having an unsaturated alkyl portion are disclosed. The unsaturation in the alkyl portion of the hydrophobic substituent can promote crosslinking of the cellulose ether derivative. The cellulose ether derivatives are useful as ingredients in latex compositions. The cellulose ether derivatives can provide associative thickening and rheological properties to latex composition during storage and application. In addition, after the latex composition is applied to the surface to be coated, the cellulose ethers of the present invention can promote crosslinking of the latex film to provide a hard and durable coating. Latex paint compositions comprising the cellulose ether derivatives of the present invention are also disclosed.

Abstract: An improved polyurethane-based water-in-water multicolor paint composition is provided having a disperse phase and a continuous phase which is characterized by disperse phase bodies of improved durability. The disperse phase preferably is comprised of a water dispersible, inert film-forming, crosslinkable polymer system; hydroxy (lower alkyl) cellulose; alkali metal carboxy (lower alkyl) cellulose; quaternized water soluble cellulose ether; peptized clay; inorganic salt of heavy or trivalent metal; and water. The continuous phase preferably is comprised of such a crosslinkable polymer system, a peptized clay and water. Methods for preparing the paint are also provided.

Abstract: It is the object of the present invention to provide a hydrophilic surface treating aqueous solution, hydrophilic surface treating method, and hydrophilic surface treating film with lasting hydrophilicity and ensuring a film having a good processability. The hydrophilic treating aqueous solution contains as main components a hydrophilic polymer having a specific molecular weight and containing a polyoxyalkylene chain of 10 wt % or more in terms of solid content, and a specific aqueous resin. This enables the formation of film with good processability and good hydrophilicity and persistency of hydrophilicity on the surface of aluminum or aluminum alloy for use in aluminum fins of a heat exchanger, as well as suppressing the generation of unpleasant odor.

Abstract: An improved polyurethane-based water-in-water multicolor paint composition is provided having a disperse phase and a continuous phase which is characterized by an accelerated capacity to transfer from an applicator surface to a substrate surface during paint application. The disperse phase preferably is comprised of a water dispersible, inert film-forming, crosslinkable, polyurethane polymer system; hydroxy (lower alkyl) cellulose; quaternized water soluble cellulose ether; peptized clay and water. The continuous phase preferably is comprised of such a polyurethane polymer system, a water soluble, film-forming, crosslinkable, pressure-responsive contact adhesive, a peptized clay and water. Methods for preparing the paint are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high strength water-permeable resinous road paving composition characterized by the use of 2-20 weight parts of thermosetting resin as a binder per 100 weight parts of granular aggregate and 1-20 weight parts of cellulose or 1-30 weight parts of lignocellulose as botanical fiber or their derivatives as additives per 100 weight parts of said thermosetting resin.Another feature of the present invention is to mix certain amount of inorganic substances in fine granular or fibrous form together with said granular aggregate, thermosetting resin, cellulose or lignocellulose, or their derivatives, wherein said inorganic substance is 5-200 weight parts per 100 weight parts of said resin. Furthermore, footpath blocks or pavement of footpaths, driveways, plazas, etc. by the use of the composition of the present invention is another feature of the present invention.

Abstract: Building material products, such as, for example, jointing compounds, adhesives, emulsion paints, synthetic plasters, fillers and the like, comprising a mixture ofa) at least 10% by weight, in particular 10 to 99% by weight, of a water-soluble natural polymer and derivatives thereof,b) 1 to 89% by weight of an alkali metal salt or ammonium salt of a crosslinked polyacrylate which, if desired, is grafted with a starch, andc) 0 to 60% by weight of a water-soluble alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt of arylsulfonic acid/formaldehyde condensation products or of a sulfo-modified melamine/formaldehyde polycondensation product.

Abstract: A size for yarn which minimizes thread break is described. The size comprises an aqueous solution of (I) a polyvinyl alcohol resin, (II) a modified starch, and a water-soluble cellulose compound (III), wherein the components are related by the following equations:(I)/(II)+(III))=85/15 to 95/5, and(II)/(III)=20/80 to 80/20,while simultaneously satisfying the expressions0.27X-0.7.ltoreq.log.sub.10 Y.ltoreq.0.27X+0.6; and (1)20.ltoreq.Y.ltoreq.300; (2)(A)/(B).ltoreq.0.5 (3)where X is the solid concentration in % by weight, Y is viscosity in centipoise at 90.degree. C. and a shear rate of 10 sec.sup.-1, (A) is viscosity at 60.degree. C. and a shear rate of 10,000 sec.sup.-1 of an adjusted aqueous solution resulting from the adjustment of the viscosity to 100 centipoise at 60.degree. C. and a shear rate of 10 sec.sup.-1 with said compound ratio of each of the components kept constant, and (B) is viscosity of 100 centipoise at 60.degree. C. and a shear rate of 10 sec.sup.-1 of said adjusted aqueous solution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to absorbent materials comprising fibers cross-linked by a suitable cross-linker therefor, and wherein said cross-linker is associated with substantially the entire surface of each fiber, said materials being preparable by mixing of an aerated suspension of the charged fibers with the cross-linker before heating and compressing, such fibers having a capacity for fluid absorption considerably greater than has been heretofore known for such materials.

Abstract: Water soluble cellulose acetoacetates prepared by contacting a cellulose material with diketene, an alkyl acetoacetate, 2,2,6-trimethyl-4H-1,3-dioxin-4-one or a mixture thereof in a solvent system comprising lithium chloride plus a carboxamide. Compositions containing the cellulose acetoacetates and, optionally, a crosslinking agent are useful for coatings applications.

Abstract: A hot melt adhesive composition comprising 5 to 50% by weight hydroxypropyl cellulose, 5 to 40% by weight plasticizer of which up to 85% may be a water insoluble plasticizer; 20 to 70% by weight tackifying resin; 0 to 40% by weight polar wax; 0 to 30% by weight compatible polymer; and, 0 to 3% by weight stabilizer.

Abstract: Film-forming compositions for coating objects, such as seeds, are characterized by a cellulosic polymer, and a polyalkylene oxide polymer. The compositions may also include a glycol, microbial agents, gelling agents, surfactants, and antifoamants in an aqueous medium.In a process for enveloping solid forms such as seeds with the above composition, the composition may be mixed with seed protectant chemicals, such as fungicides, prior to its application to seeds in seed treating equipment.

Abstract: An improved polyurethane-based water-in-water multicolor paint composition is provided having a disperse phase and a continuous phase which is characterized by an accelerated capacity to transfer from an applicator surface to a substrate surface during paint application. The disperse phase preferably is comprised of a water dispersible, inert film-forming, crosslinkable, polyurethane polymer system; hydroxy (lower alkyl) cellulose; quaternized water soluble cellulose ether; peptized clay and water. The continuous phase preferably is comprised of such a polyurethane polymer system, a water soluble, film-forming, crosslinkable, pressure-responsive contact adhesive, a peptized clay and water. Methods for preparing the paint are also provided.

Abstract: A polyurethane-based water-in-water multicolor paint composition is provided having a disperse phase and a continuous phase. The disperse phase contains a water dispersible, film-forming, crosslinkable, polymer system selected from among a polyurethane polymer system, a carboxylated polymer system, and mixtures thereof; as well as hydroxy (lower alkyl) cellulose, quaternized water soluble cellulose ether, peptized clay, and water. The continuous phase preferably is comprised of a polyurethane polymer system, a peptized clay and water. Methods for preparing the paint are also provided.

Abstract: The rate of disintegration in cold water of water soluble packaging films is improved by incorporating into a film forming polymer composition, to form a dry blend or aqueous dispersion, a substantially water insoluble cellulose material prepared from alkali metal salts of carboxy(lower alkyl) cellulose or hydroxy(lower alkyl) cellulose. The increased disintegration is achieved without loss of film stability and, in some cases, the film stability is improved.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of absorbers for water, aqueous solutions and body liquids, the absorbers consisting of at least two components A and B, whereby component A is at least a water-swellable synthetic polymer or copolymer, and component B is at least a natural or synthetic compound being present at normal temperature as a pourable powder which is highly or at least partially soluble, in water, or as a liquid. The present invention is characterized by the fact that component B is added in the form of a powder, a liquid or as a solution to component A during the end phase of the production process thereof after a polymer reaction degree of 90%, preferably 95% is attained, that is is mixed with the polymer gel of component A and, in order to obtain a powdery, pourable end product, is dried, if necessary, and ground.

Abstract: Cellulose ether compositions based on rapidly dissolving, pulverulent, water soluble cellulose ethers contain swellable and suction active superabsorbents to prevent the formation of lumps when dissolved. The cellulose ether composition can be converted into compression moulded pieces which retain the rapid solubility and dissolve without forming lumps.

Abstract: Stable nonagglomerating suspensions of oil soluble polymeric friction reducers are prepared by combining free-flowing solid particles of such friction reducers with a suspension stabilizing amount of a water soluble thickening agent in water or in a mixture of water and alcohol.

Abstract: Thickening systems for water-based building material mixes, composed of 0.01 to 2% by weight of a water-soluble cellulose ether, 0.01 to 2% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.005 to 1% by weight of boric acid or salts thereof, the respective percentages being based on the dry substance content of the building material mix.Due to the addition of boric acid or borax, these thickening systems have an improved thickening action compared with thickening mixtures composed only of cellulose ether and polyvinyl alcohol.

Abstract: Insulating materials consisting of artificial mineral fibers are impregnated with water insoluble additives, e.g. dust binders and/or water repellant finishing agents in that they are wetted with an emulsion of the water insoluble additive in an aqueous solution of a cellulose ether. Impregnation takes place easily and is effective and resistant.

Abstract: Cellulose ethers are disclosed which have sufficient nonionic substitution to render them water soluble and which are further modified with a C.sub.10 to C.sub.24 long chain alkylaryl group in an amount between 0.2% by weight and the amount which makes them less than 1% by weight soluble in water. Hydroxyethylcellulose is a preferred water soluble cellulose ether for modification according to the invention. These products exhibit substantially improved viscosifying effects compared to their unmodified cellulose ether counterparts, and provide good leveling and sag resistance in latex paints. Preferred alkylaryl groups are nonylphenyl, dodecylphenyl, and dinonylphenyl. Included are cellulose ethers with spacer groups of various lengths between the alkylaryl group and the connecting group to the cellulose molecule.