Abstract: Bis(bis-silylalkyl) dicarboxylates, especially maleates and fumarates, are prepared by a three-step process including esterification of malaic or fumaric acid or a functional derivative thereof with a branched dienol such as 1,6-heptadien-4-ol to form an alkadienol ester, reaction of the olefinic groups in said ester with a chlorosilane and alcoholysis of the chlorine atoms attached to silicon. The products are useful as adhesion promoters in addition curable polyorganosiloxane compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to free-flowing, quick-dissolving lacquer binder granules based on cellulose esters, more particularly cellulose nitrates, and to a process for their production.

Abstract: Disclosed are flame retardant organosilicon compositions, wherein the organosilicon compositions comprise residues derived from (a) polycyclic polyene compounds and (b) residues derived from cyclic polysiloxanes, tetrahedral siloxysilanes and linear poly(organohydrosiloxane)s. Preferably the compositions contain flame retardants, such as a phosphorus containing or halogen containing flame retardant, which may be microencapsulated. Also disclosed are processes for making such compositions and articles made from such compositions.

Abstract: Disclosed are flame retardant organosilicon compositions, wherein the organosilicon compositions comprise residues derived from (a) polycyclic polyene compounds and (b) residues derived from cyclic polysiloxanes, tetrahedral siloxysilanes and linear poly(organohydrosilioxane)s. Preferably the compositions contain flame retardants, such as a phosphorus containing or halogen containing flame retardant, which may be microencapsulated. Also disclosed are processes for making such compositions and articles made from such compositions.

Abstract: A method for producing a large size crosslinked polymer bead, which comprises dispersing a monomer phase composed essentially of a monovinyl monomer and a crosslinkable monomer in an aqueous phase containing a dispersion stabilizer and subjecting the dispersion to suspension polymerization in an oil-in-water system in the presence of a polymerization initiator, wherein: 1 at least one specific gravity-controlling agent having a specific gravity of more than 1.0 selected from the group consisting of water-insoluble inert organic solvents and water-insoluble linear polymers soluble in the monomer phase, is added to the monomer phase, and 2 if necessary, at least one specific gravity-controlling agent selected from the group consisting of water-soluble inorganic salts, is added to the aqueous phase, 3 to adjust the specific gravities (at 25.degree. C.) of the monomer phase and the aqueous phase in the ranges represented by the following formula (I):B-0.03<A<B+0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a coating compound for sheets, films, or molded products composed of modified or unmodified polysaccharides.

Abstract: A biodegradable film or the like shaped article is formed from a composition including 100 parts by weight of cellulose fibers having a length of 3 mm or less and a diameter of 50 .mu.m or less, 10-600 parts by weight of a thermoplastic resin and 2-100 parts by weight of chitosan. A mixture containing (a) an aqueous solution of an acid salt of chitosan, (b) an aqueous dispersion or solution of a thermoplastic resin and (c) fine cellulose fibers is dried and shaped to obtain such a biodegradable shaped article.

Abstract: Disclosed are flame retardant organosilicon compositions, wherein the organosilicon compositions comprise residues derived from (a) polycyclic polyene compounds and (b) residues derived from cyclic polysiloxanes, tetrahedral siloxysilanes and linear poly(organohydrosiloxane)s. Preferably the compositions contain flame retardants, such as a phosphorus containing or halogen containing flame retardant, which may be microencapsulated. Also disclosed are processes for making such compositions and articles made from such compositions.

Abstract: A two-package polyurethane coating system is provided which consists of a paint component comprising an OH-containing film-forming resin, such as a polyacrylate polyol or an alkyd resin, and a thinner-curing agent component which is a solution, adjusted to insure a predetermined final application viscosity of the coating, of trimerized isophorone diisocyanate which functions as a curing agent for the resin in an active hydrogen-free organic solvent which functions as a thinner, the two components being supplied in independent cans for mixing and application at a coating site without need for viscosity adjustment.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of filled heat-curable compounds of the polyurethane type by reaction of condensation of the constituents of the desired compound in the presence of a pulverulent filler, which is characterized in that the said filler is predispersed in the presence of a stabilizing agent in a liquid organic phase compatible with the desired heat-curable compound in the course of its formation reaction, the said filler being then in the form of a homogeneous and stable suspension, and the suspension thus prepared is then introduced into the reaction mixture before, during or after the introduction of at least one of the constituents of the desired heat-curable compound.The process according to the invention makes it possible to produce compounds of the polyurethane type whose mechanical and physical characteristics are at least equivalent or even improved in relation to those of the unfilled identical compounds by virtue of the excellent distribution of the inorganic filler.

Abstract: A water-based emulsion paint, for example, is formulated with high refractive index opacifying pigment particles, dispersant, and polymer particles in which substantially all of the pigment particles (40) are disjuncted from one another and contained within an attached cluster of polymer particles (41) or have appendant polymer particles to give opacifying units having a nodular outline. Preferably micro-voids are trapped between particles and the dispersant is less than 1% of the pigment by weight.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a process for preparing clusters of infusible, inherently tacky, elastomeric, solvent-insoluble, solvent-dispersible polymeric microparticles by aqueous emulsion polymerization. The invention also pertains to an adhesive comprising the polymeric microparticles and to a repeatedly reusable pressure sensitive sheet material having the elastomeric microparticles coated thereon.

Abstract: Two-component polyurethane sealants, in particular for the direct glazing of motor vehicles, comprising (A) a pasty polyurethane component containing a polyurethane prepolymer having free isocyanate groups, and a curing agent, and (B) a pasty water-containing component, component (A) containing a blocked curing agent which can be liberated by water, and component (B) containing the water, reversibly bonded to a carrier substance which liberates the water in a delayed manner after components (A) and (B) have been mixed.

Abstract: Process for binding cellulosic materials with a binding agent composed of aqueous emulsion of polyisocyanates and a cellulose ether. The cellulose wither is present in amounts of 0.1-10% b.w.

Abstract: Binding compositions for lignocellulosic composites comprising an aqueous emulsion containing at least one polyisocyanate and at least one water-dispersed acetovinyl resin having a glass transition temperature (Tg) lower than 5.degree. C. These compositions impart green tack cohesion to the resinate lignocellulosic material.

Abstract: A pasty molding compound, which is reactive only above room temperature and is intended for manufacturing temperature-resistant, elasticized duromer molded components, consists of a dimerized trimethylol propane (melting point 109.degree. C., molecular weight 250, OH number 900) and of 1 to 625 parts by weight (per 100 parts of methylene diphenyldiisocyanate) of low-molecular weight and an isocyanate-limited polyesterpolyol-diisocyanate-prepolymer, prepared from polycaprolactone and an isomeric mixture of the toluenediisocyanate. This masterbatch, which has an NCO excess of up to 15% over the equivalent quantity of the free OH components can be fortified with fillers and is moldable at low pressures. Furthermore, its application as an impregnating agent for glass-fiber mats to be molded is provided.

Abstract: A process for dispersing particles of an organic commpound in water is disclosed, which comprises dispersing the organic compound in water using (1) a water-soluble high molecular weight compound having a molecular weight of at least 10,000 and (2) a copolymer formed from a monomer represented by the following formula (I) and a monomer represented by the following formula (II), said copolymer having a molecular weight of not more than 10,000: ##STR1## wherein M.sub.1 and M.sub.2 each represents an alkali metal atom or an ammonium group; R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or an ethyl group; and R.sub.2 represents an alkyl group having from 2 to 18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a process for preparing clusters of infusible, inherently tacky, elastomeric, solvent-insoluble, solvent-dispersible polymeric microparticles by aqueous emulsion polymerization. The invention also pertains to an adhesive comprising the polymeric microparticles and to a repeatedly reusable pressure sensitive sheet material having the elastomeric microparticles coated thereon.

Abstract: A method of biomolecule immobilization is described in which the biomolecule itself or, alternatively, a monomer-conjugated biomolecule, is grafted with free monomer onto a hydrophilic, solid-phase, polymeric substrate which has been pre-irradiated with ionizing radiation. The pre-irradiation step is carried out, preferably at -78.degree. C. in air, while the grafting step is carried out at 0.degree. C. in a substantially oxygen-free atmosphere. The technique is applicable to immobilization of a wide variety of biomolecules, such as enzymes, catalysts, hormones, lectins, drugs, vitamins, antibodies, antigens, nucleic acids, DNA and RNA segments, pesticides, dyes and fertilizers. The products may be used for therapeutic or diagnostic applications or bioseparations.

Abstract: Improved cellulose ester-polymer combinations contain a cellulose ester A and at least one polymerized monomer B of the following formula ##STR1## wherein the substituents have the meaning given in the description and wherein the particles of the combinations are essentially 0.1 to 10 mm in size.

Abstract: A method of stabilizing an aqueous dispersion of water-absorbent particles and at least one matrix-forming hydrophilic thickening agent comprises the steps of evacuating gas from said dispersion and subjecting the latter to compression by means of a relative pressure sufficient to irreversibly transform the dispersion into a stable particle-matrix system. A method of preparing a stable semi-solid preparation of dry, preferably bead-shaped water-absorbent particles comprises forming a homogenous dispersion comprising from 30 to 70% by weight of said beads, from 0.1% by weight of at least one hydrophilic thickening agent, capable of forming a matrix for said beads, and from 20 to 55% by weight of water, and stabilizing the dispersion formed as above. The water-absorbent particles may consist of cross-linked carbohydrates or polyacrylamide or derivatives thereof. The stable preparation may advantageously be packed in aerosol type containers and be used for the treatment of wounds and skin.

Abstract: A storage-stable aqueous emulsion of a low molecular weight, alkoxy-functional silicone resin by weight comprising approximately(a) 1-60% of a silicone resin having a viscosity of from 2 to 2000 mPa.s and of the formula ##EQU1## in which R.sup.1 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 14 carbon atoms,R.sup.2 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms,x is from 0.75 to 1.5, andy is from 0.2 to 2,(b) 0.1 to 10% of an emulsifying agent, and(c) 30 to 98.5% by weight of water, the emulsion having an alkaline pH, whereby the storage stability due to reduced hydrolysis is improved.

Abstract: Suspension polymerization a vinyl monomer in the presence of from about 0.01 to 2.0%, by weight of the total monomer content, of a carboxymethyl hydrophobically modified water-soluble, nonionic cellulose either polymer alone or in combination with an inert electrolyte or inert polyelectrolyte is disclosed. The presence of the carboxymethyl hydrophobically modified water-soluble, nonionic cellulose ether polymer alone or in combination with an inert electrolyte or inert polyelectrolyte provides suspension polymer beads of narrower polydispersity and clarity, and results in minimal latex polymer (emulsion polymer) by-products.

Abstract: A homogenous blend is formed of different water soluble polymer types, for instance of particular addition and condensation polymers, by forming one of the polymers from its monomeric starting material by polymerisation in a solution of the other polyer. The resultant solution has a concentration of above 10% but is homogenous. It can be used as a bulk solution or can be dried to powder or can be present as a reverse phase dispersion.

Abstract: A method of biomolecule immobilization is described in which the biomolecule itself or, alternatively, a monomer-conjugated biomolecule, is grafted with free monomer onto a hydrophilic, solid-phase, polymeric substrate which has been pre-irradiated with ionizing radiation. The pre-irradiation step is carried out, preferably at -78.degree. C. in air, while the grafting step is carried out at 0.degree. C. in a substantially oxygen-free atmosphere. The technique is applicable to immobilization of a wide variety of biomolecules, such as enzymes, catalysts, hormones, lectins, drugs, vitamins, antibodies, antigens, nucleic acids, DNA and RNA segments, pesticides, dyes and fertilizers. The products may be used for therapeutic or diagnostic applications or bioseparations.

Abstract: Finely divided water insoluble solid particles free of ionic charges and ranging in size from about 0.01 to several hundred microns or higher, including but not limited to paint pigment particles, are given a generally uniform polymeric encapsulation by admixing such particles in an aqueous reaction medium with a water insoluble monomer polymerizable to form a generally water insoluble polymer free of ionic charges in the presence of a nonionic surface active stabilizing agent, preferably a polyethoxylated alkyl phenol containing at least about eight carbon atoms in the alkyl group thereof and preferably at least about 40-50 ethylene oxide groups per molecule, and polymerization of the monomer is then initiated, usually with heating, with a redox polymerization initiating system which is free of ionic groups and does not decompose to release ionic groups in the reaction medium.

Abstract: A binder for use in the preparation of a synthetic board from cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic material comprising an organic polyisocyanate and a mixture of reactive hydrogen-containing compounds having an average of more than one reactive hydrogen atom per molecule, the mixture containing an ester and/or an amide having a hydrocarbon content sufficient to bring about enhanced board release in the board-forming process and to contribute to superior moisture resistance in the finished board.

Abstract: A colored opacified plastic material containing an organic binder, at least one pigment, a hydrophilic polymerizable plastic material and a cross linking agent is disclosed together with a method of making the same.

Abstract: Water reducible, water-remoistenable adhesive compositions are made from a blend of (a) an aqueous emulsion of a polymer of vinyl acetate, (b) an organic solvent solution of a copolymer of vinyl acetate and vinyl pyrrolidone having dextrin dispersed therein, and (c) an aqueous emulsion of an ester gum tackifier.

Abstract: A particulate substantially homogeneous polymeric product is made by dispersing ungelatinised polysaccharide in aqueous monomer containing polymerization initiator, initiating polymerization and thereby inducing exothermic polymerization, utilizing the exotherm to provide part at least of the heat necessary to gelatinise the polysaccharide and thereby producing a comminutable gel comprising polymerized monomer and gelatinised polysaccharide, comminuting the gel and drying the comminuted gel. The product generally comprises a blend of water soluble synthetic polymer, gelatinised polysaccharide having a low degree of graft polymerization and optionally gelatinised polysaccharide. Products comprising these components are particularly suitable for use as wallpaper adhesives.

Abstract: Compositions suitable as binders for high solids, ambient cure coatings, and coating compositions which have high humidity resistance and good weatherability are disclosed herein.

Abstract: A composition for artificial marble which comprises a polymer composition in which an inorganic substance and an organic polymer are firmly bound in one body and a vinyl compound, said polymer composition being obtained by polymerizing a polymerizable vinyl monomer, in the presence of at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acid monomer, sulfonic acid monomer, and sulfonate monomer, in an aqueous polymerization system containing an inorganic substance dispersed therein; and a processs for producing artificial marble from said composition by cast polymerization with the addition of a polymerization initiator.

Abstract: Disclosed are aqueous polyacrylate dispersions having improved rheological and stability characteristics prepared by the emulsion polymerization of acrylic esters, methacrylic esters and mixtures thereof in the presence of, by weight of the total monomer content, (a) from about 0.1 to 5% of at least one water-soluble amino alcohol compound and (b) from about 0.05 to about 5% of at least one protective colloid. The resultant aqueous polyacrylate dispersions are useful in the manufacture of latex paints, binders for nonwoven materials, water-based inks, paper coatings and water-borne adhesives, such as pressure-sensitive adhesives.

Abstract: A polymer in the form of particles is water-insoluble and water-sellable, containing carboxyl or carboxylate groups. It has a physiological saline absorption quantity of 40 to 90 grams per one gram of the polymer, a physiological saline absorption rate of at least 8 ml per 0.3 gram of the polymer, a gel strength of 33 to 200 g/cm2 when it has been swollen to saturation with ion-exchange water. It is useful as an absorbent in a sanitary article.

Abstract: Disclosed are aqueous polyacrylate dispersions having improved rheological and stability characteristics prepared by the emulsion polymerization of acrylic esters, methacrylic esters and mixtures thereof in the presence of at least one protective colloid, wherein the improvement comprises conducting the polymerization in the presence of, by weight of the total monomer content, from about 0.1 to 5% of at least one substantially completely water-soluble monomer having conjugated unsaturation. The resultant aqueous polyacrylate dispersions are useful in the manufacture of latex paints, binders for nonwoven materials, water-based inks, paper coatings and water-borne adhesives, such as pressure-sensitive adhesives.

Abstract: A new breathable, conformable, polymeric adhesive composition is disclosed which comprises a self-sustaining pressure sensitive adhesive material and a hydrophilic filler, wherein the adhesive material forms a polymeric matrix characterized by the physical encapsulation of the hydrophilic filler within the matrix.

Abstract: A water absorbent crosslinked polymer having at least 70% by weight of acrylic acid monomeric units, 60 to 90% of the carboxyl groups of which are in the form of an alkali metal salt, produced by a method in which a mixture comprised of acrylic acid, 60 to 90% of the carboxyl groups of which are in the form of an alkali metal salt, and a fibrous cellulosic material is heated in the presence of a radical initiator. The polymerization temperature can be effectively controlled by smooth evaporation of water. The cross-linked polymer can absorb such a large amount of water as several hundred times the weight of the polymer in an excellent absorption rate, and finds applications as, for example, a disposable diaper and a sanitary napkin.

Abstract: A colored opacified plastic material containing an organic binder, at least one pigment, a hydrophilic polymerizable plastic material and a cross linking agent is disclosed together with a method of making the same.

Abstract: Cyanoacrylate adhesive compositions which employ calixarene compounds as additives give substantially reduced fixture and cure times on de-activating substrates such as wood. The calixarene compounds are preferably employed at levels of about 0.1-1% by weight of the composition. The calixarene compounds particularly useful in this invention may be represented by the formula: ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is alkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkyl or substituted alkoxy; R.sup.2 is H or alkyl; and n=4, 6, or 8.The compositions are further characterized by a thickener component, which may suitably be selected from various polymers such as poly(methyl methacrylate), methacrylate type copolymers, acrylic rubbers, polyvinyl acetate and poly(.alpha.-cyanoacrylate) or silicas treated with polydialkylsiloxanes or trialkylsilanes.

Abstract: Storage-stable, aqueous polysiloxane emulsions well adopted as coating compositions to impart anti-adhesiveness/water-repellency to a wide variety of substrates, e.g., paper, are comprised of an anti-adhesive/water-repellency effective amount of (A) diorganopolysiloxane oil having the formula:HO(SiR.sub.2 O).sub.n Hwherein the symbols R, which may be identical or different, are each an alkyl radical containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, the 3,3,3-tri-fluoropropyl radical, or the vinyl radical, at least 50% of the radicals R being methyl radicals and at most 5% vinyl radicals, and the symbol n is any number, the value of which is such that the viscosity of the oil ranges from 500 to 50,000 mPa.s at 25.degree. C.; (B) an organopolysiloxane resin comprising recurring units selected from among those of the formulae R'SiO.sub.1.5, R'.sub.2 SiO and R'.sub.3 SiO.sub.0.

Abstract: Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ethers having methoxyl substitution of from 21 to 35 percent and hydroxypropoxyl substitution of from 15 to 35 percent, are useful as suspending agents for the suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride to produce homo- and copolymers of controlled particle size and high porosity. The hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ethers having the foregoing substitution levels and an average (number) molecular weight less than 50,000 and those having a methoxyl substitution of greater than 24 percent when the average (number) molecular weight equals or exceeds 50,000, are novel compounds.

Abstract: Finely divided water insoluble solid particles free of ionic charges and ranging in size from about 0.01 to several hundred microns or higher, including but not limited to paint pigment particles, are given a generally uniform polymeric encapsulation by admixing such particles in an aqueous reaction medium with a water insoluble monomer polymerizable to form a generally water insoluble polymer free of ionic charges in the presence of a nonionic surface active stabilizing agent, preferably a polyethoxylated alkyl phenol containing at least about eight carbon atoms in the alkyl group thereof and preferably at least about 40-50 ethylene oxide groups per molecule, and polymerization of the monomer is then initiated, usually with heating, with a redox polymerization initiating system which is free of ionic groups and does not decompose to release ionic groups in the reaction medium.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing a sticky water-soluble polymer, e.g. acrylamide polymers and acrylic acid polymers, which comprises polymerizing an aqueous solution of a monomer in a polymerization vessel of which the surface contacting the aqueous monomer solution is covered with a tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer film, whereby the stickiness of the produced polymer to the vessel is remarkably decreased, namely the peelability of the polymer from the vessel is remarkably improved, and moreover the polymerization conversion is remarkably improved. Also, the use of a metal deposited tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer film as a covering material improves the efficiency of a photopolymerization and enables to use a polymerization vessel made of an inexpensive material.

Abstract: A thixotropic gel composition comprising an .alpha.-cyanoacrylate monomer, stabilizer, plasticizer and free radical scavenger is improved with the addition of fibers, spheres or mixtures of the same of certain materials which are insoluble in and inert to the .alpha.-cyanoacrylate monomer. The fibers or spheres composed of such materials as polyolefins, polyesters or polyamides enhance the physical and chemical characteristics of the thixotropic gel.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of aqueous dispersions, also emulsion (co)polymerization of vinyl halides and/or vinyl esters and, if needed, additional monomers in the absence of emulsifying agents are described. Protective colloid is added after the initiation of the polymerization to stabilize the forming dispersion. The dispersions are characterized by low viscosity, even with high solids contents, and low structural viscosity, and they are suitable a.o. especially for the preparation of redispersible powders.

Abstract: In a method of incorporating fibers in a rubber matrix, an improved fiber pretreatment is disclosed which comprises mixing from 3% to 15% by weight vinyl pyridine latex with a fiber-in-water mixture of essentially delignified hardwood fibers which have not been subjected to post-delignification drying, said mixture having a consistency of from 10% to 40% solids, subsequently expressing water and drying the treated fiber.

Abstract: Disclosed is a new breathable ostomy gasket composition derived from the non-aqueous reaction of a polyisocyanate and a polyoxyalkylene polyol moiety having a hydrophilic filler incorporated within the polyol moiety prior to the reaction of the polyisocyanate and the polyol.

Abstract: Articles having wood-like properties and appearance are obtained from compositions comprising 5-55% by weight of an ethylene interpolymer, such as ethylene/vinyl ester, ethylene/unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acids or esters or salts of said unsaturated acids, etc.; 1-15% by weight of at least one plasticizer selected from the group consisting of processing oils, epoxidized oils, polyesters, polyethers and polyetheresters; 20-90% by weight of cellulosic filler or mixture of cellulosic filler and mineral filler; 0-10% by weight of at least one additive, such as organic acid, organic acid derivative and surface active agent; and 0-44% by weight of certain ethylene and propylene homo- and copolymers.

Abstract: The adhesion of self-bonding, low modulus, one package, room temperature vulcanizable silicone compositions to a variety of substrates is effectively promoted by incorporation in the silicone composition, before curing, a small effective amount of an adhesion promoting composition comprising predominantly at least one diorganocyclopolysiloxane compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 may be C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 gamma-trihaloalkyl or phenyl; R.sup.2 is alkylene of from 2 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are, independently, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkanoyl; and n is either 3 or 4.

Abstract: Finely divided water insoluble solid particles free of ionic charges and ranging in size from about 0.01 to several hundred microns or higher, including but not limited to paint pigment particles, are given a generally uniform polymeric encapsulation by admixing such particles in an aqueous reaction medium with a water insoluble monomer polymerizable to form a generally water insoluble polymer free of ionic charges in the presence of a nonionic surface active stabilizing agent, preferably a polyethoxylated alkyl phenol containing at least about eight carbon atoms in the alkyl group thereof and preferably at least about 40-50 ethylene oxide groups per molecule, and polymerization of the monomer is then initiated, usually with heating, with a redox polymerization initiating system which is free of ionic groups and does not decompose to release ionic groups in the reaction medium.