Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosed polymer composition comprise a first unsaturated polymer or polymer precursor, and an effective amount of a peptizer. The peptizer typically comprises a heteroaryl or a heterocyclic compound, other than morpholine as disclosed in assignee's prior applications. Disclosed polymer compositions are useful for making sports equipment, such as at least one layer of a golf ball, often a core. Because the compositions are useful for making golf balls, materials commonly known for making such golf balls can be used in combination with the polymer composition. A method for forming a golf ball also is disclosed. The method comprises providing disclosed compositions and then forming at least one component of a golf using the composition.

Abstract: A thermoplastic composition is disclosed that includes a polyaryl ester polymer or copolymer and a phthalone compound according to the formula wherein Z1 represents the atoms necessary to complete a 9- to 13-membered single or fused aromatic ring structure, Z2 represents the atoms necessary to complete a pyridine or quinoline ring, each R1 and each R2 can independently be halogen, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an aromatic or aliphatic thioether group, an aromatic or aliphatic carboxylic acid ester group, or an aromatic or aliphatic amide group, a is an integer from 0 to 6, b is an integer from 0 to 4, n is 1 or 2, and X is present only if n=2 and is a single bond or a divalent organic radical bonded to the Z1 ring structure through an ether, ketone, or thio linkage.

Abstract: This disclosure, in one or plurality of embodiments, relates to a solution of polyamide from which a cast film with low CTE and Rth can be achieved. This disclosure, viewed from one aspect, relates to a solution of polyamide comprising: an aromatic polyamide; inorganic filler; and a solvent. This disclosure, viewed from one aspect, relates to a laminated composite material, comprising a base, and a polyamide resin layer: wherein the polyamide resin layer is laminated to one surface of the base; and wherein the polyamide resin layer is obtained or obtainable by applying a polyamide solution comprising an aromatic polyamide, an inorganic filler and a solvent onto the base.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide a composite film having light-curing property and weather resistance. [Means for solving] A composite film is one that comprises at least a urethane polymer, wherein both an initial b* value of the composite film measured by a spectrocolorimeter (value at an angle of 15 degrees) and a b* value after performing an accelerated weathering test for 120 hours (value at an angle of 15 degrees) are 4.0 or less, and a non-volatile component after heating the composite film at 130° C. for two hours is 96% or more.

Abstract: Use of thermoplastic molding compositions comprising, as essential components, A) a polyester, B) from 20 to 200 mmol/kg of polyester A) of at least one compound of the general formula (I) where respectively independently at any position -A1- is —NR—, —O—, —S—, —CH=A4- where R is H or C1-6-alkyl, A4 is N or CH A2 is COOX or OX, where X is Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg/2, Ca/2, Sr/2, Ba/2, Al/3 A3 is C1-6-alkyl, C6-12-aryl, O7-13-alkaryl, C7-13-aralkyl, O—C1-6-alkyl, O—C6-12-aryl, O—C7-13-alkaryl, O—C7-13-aralkyl, COOX?, OX?, SX?, SO3X?, where X? is H or X, S—C1-6-alkyl, S—C6-12-aryl, NR2, halogen, NO2, n is an integer from 1 to 4, and m is an integer from 0 to 4?n, where m=1, if A3=NO2, with the proviso that the number of mmol is based on the group(s) COOX and OX and SX? where X??X, to the extent that these are present in the compound of the general formula (I), and also moreover C) from 0 to 230% by weight of further added substances, based on the weight of component A), for producing laser-transparent m

Abstract: The invention relates to mixtures, comprising (a) an oligomeric compound, comprising repeat units of the general formula (I) or acid-addition salts thereof and/or (b) a compound of the general formula (II) or acid-addition salts thereof and (c) at least one compound of the general formula (III) and (d) optionally further additives, and also to the use of these mixtures for the stabilization of non-living organic materials with respect to exposure to light, oxygen, and/or heat. The invention further relates to non-living organic materials, comprising at least one of these mixtures, and to articles produced therefrom. The invention further relates to a process for the stabilization of non-living organic materials, with respect to exposure to light, oxygen, and/or heat.

Abstract: The present invention discloses functionalized nanoparticles comprising on the surface a covalently bound radical of the formula (I) wherein the nanoparticles are SiO2, Al2O3 or mixed SiO2 and Al2O3 nanoparticles, and wherein the general symbols are as defined in claim 1. These functionalized nanoparticles are for example useful as stabilizers and/or compatibilizers in organic materials, or as photoinitiators in pre-polymeric or pre-crosslinking formulations, or as reinforcer of coatings and improver of scratch resistance in coating compositions for surfaces.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gel-spun fiber comprising a polyolefin polymer forming a fiber body, wherein a stabilizer is present inside the fiber body, characterized in that the amount of said stabilizer is between 0.05 and 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the amount of the polyolefin polymer forming said fiber body.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to storage stable aqueous solutions of stilbene optical brighteners with polyvinyl alcohols which can be directly used by the papermaker in that they may be diluted with water and/or be metered directly into a coating composition, to provide coated papers of a particularly high whiteness.

Abstract: The invention relates to flame retarded extruded polystyrene foams with a very low halogen content in the final product, i.e. containing a very low content of hexabromocyclododecane or preferably hexabromocyclododecane free, and a process for their preparation. The invention also relates to their use in construction, as building thermal insulating materials, or in transportation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid resin system including a liquid monobenzoxazine monomer and a non-glycidyl epoxy compound, wherein the weight ratio of the monobenzoxazine monomer to the non-glycidyl epoxy compound is in a range of about 25:75 to about 60:40. The liquid resin system exhibits a low viscosity and exceptional stability over an extended period of time making its use in a variety of composite manufacturing methods highly advantageous.

Abstract: A polyacetal resin composition containing 100 parts by weight of a polyacetal resin, 0.01 to 5 parts by weight of a colorant selected from inorganic and organic pigments, 0.01 to 3 parts by weight of a polyamide resin having a melting point or softening point of 180° C. or less, or a polyetheresteramide resin, 0.01 to 1 part by weight of an aromatic dihydrazide compound or an aliphatic dihydrazide compound having a solubility of less than 1 g relative to 100 g of water at 20° C., and 0.01 to 1 part by weight of a sterically hindered phenolic compound, or a combination of a hindered amine-based light stabilizer and an ultraviolet absorber, exhibits an excellent thermal stability and is capable of suppressing formaldehyde generation and mechanical strength deterioration.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a method for the color stabilization of cork and specific colored woods by the combined use of a small amount of inorganic UV-absorbers and an excess of organic UV-absorbers in a protective coating. A further aspect of the invention is the use of such a UV-absorber combination for the color stabilization of cork and specific colored woods.

Abstract: A novel flame retardant and fire extinguishing product for preventing and fighting fires in liquids is disclosed herein. The product comprises water, one or more flame retardants, one or more polymers, one or more surfactants, one or more emulsifiers, one or more preservatives, and one or more firming agents. In some embodiments, the product may further comprise one or more stabilizers, one or more binders, and/or one or more fining agents. The product may be used as a fire extinguishing agent in active firefighting and as a flame retardant to prevent fires. The product may be biodegradable in a natural environment, may be readily cleaned off equipment and materials to which it has been applied using water, and may also provide other features which render it safe for the environment as compared to other commonly used products in fire prevention and firefighting.

Abstract: A resist underlayer composition, including a solvent, and an organosilane condensation polymerization product of hydrolyzed products produced from a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1, a compound represented by Chemical Formula 2, and a compound represented by Chemical Formula 3.

Abstract: A rubber compound based on propylene-oxide rubber SKPO, including sulfur, stearic acid, zinc oxide, thiuram disulphide, carbon black P-803. The compound is characterized by replacement of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (kaptax), as well as fluoroplastic F-4, with dibenzothiazyl disulfide (altax), phenyl-?-naphthylamine (neozone D), dibutoxyethyl adipate, and ultrafine polytetrafluoroethylene (UPTFE). Such replacement of ingredients allows for significant improvement of wear resistance, frost resistance, and relative elongation. Additionally, relatively less UPTFE (compared to fluoroplastic F-4) can be used to achieve similar beneficial results, significantly reducing the cost of manufacturing the material.

Abstract: Provided is a water-dispersible acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive composition capable of forming a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer that can prevent static build-up at the time of peeling (antistatic properties), is superior in removability, in the ability to prevent an increase in peel strength (adhesive strength) over time among the adhesive properties, as well as in appearance properties (decrease of appearance defects due to dents or the like), and also in less-staining properties on adherends, particularly, in the ability to prevent white staining on adherends in high-humidity environments (the ability to prevent white staining).

Abstract: The present invention provides a heat-curable silicone rubber composition having antistatic properties, even after secondary vulcanization at high temperatures. Specifically disclosed is a heat-curable silicone rubber composition which is obtained by adding 0.05 to 1000 ppm of (B) a poorly water-soluble or water-insoluble ionic substance whose anionic component is bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, to 100 parts by weight of (A) a heat-curable silicone rubber.

Abstract: There are provided a resin composition that is suitable for an optical component which, while maintaining moldability, low birefringence, heat resistance, mass productivity, mechanical strength, and light transmittance, hardly exhibits a low light transmittance during the use of a blue-violet laser beam source and a deterioration in optical properties, and an optical component produced by molding the resin composition, and a optical pickup device using the optical component. The present invention provides a resin composition comprising 0.05 to 5 parts by weight of the specific hindered amine compound based on 100 parts by weight of the polymer having an alicyclic structure in at least a part of repeating structural unit, an optical component produced by molding the resin composition, and a optical pickup device using the optical component.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a molding composition, a process for the manufacturing of said molding composition, molded parts obtainable therefrom as well as the use of the molding composition for the manufacturing of molded parts used in the automotive industry, for housings, latches, window winding systems, wiper systems, sun roof systems, seat adjustments, levers, gears, claws, pivot housing or wiper arms.

Abstract: Provided is a removable water-dispersible acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive composition with which it is possible to form a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer that has excellent antistatic properties, adhesive properties, removability, removal stability, and the ability to prevent an increase in adhesive strength over time, less-staining properties on adherends, especially, the ability to prevent white staining on adherends in a high-humidity environment (the ability to prevent white staining), and appearance properties. The present invention is directed to a removable water-dispersible acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive composition, including: an acrylic emulsion polymer including 70 to 99.5% by weight of a monomer unit derived from an alkyl(meth)acrylate and 0.5 to 10% by weight of a monomer unit derived from a carboxyl group-containing unsaturated monomer; an ionic compound; and a polyether antifoamer represented by formula (I) below.

Abstract: A colored dispersion according to the present invention comprises a resin including monomers of Formulas 1 to 4, as a binder resin. Accordingly, a photoresist composition for a black matrix of a high light shielding property, which has the dispersion stability of the colored dispersion according to the present invention, could be provided, and a black matrix of high sensibility having an uniform process characteristic while maintaining a high light-shielding property could be produced.

Abstract: A rubber compound based on propylene-oxide rubber SKPO, including sulfur, stearic acid, zinc oxide, thiuram disulphide, carbon black P-803. The compound is characterized by replacement of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (kaptax), as well as fluoroplastic F-4, with dibenzothiazyl disulfide (altax), phenyl-?-naphthylamine (neozone D), dibutoxyethyl adipate, and natural bentonites. Use of a rubber compound with the proposed composition increases the service life of rubber seals during their operation in sealing devices, due to higher frost resistance and a lower residual compressive strain value. Also, the compound can be manufactured by a simpler method compared to modern production technology, eliminating the stage of joint mechanical activation of zeolite and dibutyl phthalate.

Abstract: The invention relates to mixtures, comprising (a) an oligomeric compound, comprising repeat units of the general formula (I) or acid-addition salts thereof and/or (b) a compound of the general formula (II) or acid-addition salts thereof and (c) at least one compound of the general formula (III) and (d) optionally further additives, and also to the use of these mixtures for the stabilization of non-living organic materials with respect to exposure to light, oxygen, and/or heat. The invention further relates to non-living organic materials, comprising at least one of these mixtures, and to articles produced therefrom. The invention further relates to a process for the stabilization of non-living organic materials, with respect to exposure to light, oxygen, and/or heat.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a curable composition which is made mainly of a polymer having one or more reactive silicon groups, has good curability even when filler is used while a non-organotin catalyst is used, and is further high in industrial practicability. The object is solved by a curable composition, comprising, as constituents, a polymer (A) having one or more reactive silicon groups on average per molecule thereof, the reactive silicon group(s) being (each) a group which can be crosslinked by forming a siloxane bond, a Lewis acid and/or derivative thereof (B), an amine compound (C), a compound (D) having a reactive silicon group, and filler (E), and obtained by mixing the constituents with each other.

Abstract: An encapsulating material for solar cell containing an ethylene/?-olefin copolymer satisfying the following a1) and a2), and a specific peroxyketal having a 1-hour half-life temperature in a range of 100 to 135 degrees centigrade; the peroxyketal being contained in an amount of 0.1 to less than 0.8 weight parts relative to 100 weight parts of the ethylene/?-olefin copolymer. a1) the shore A hardness is from 60 to 85 as measured in accordance with ASTM D2240. a2) MFR is from 2 to 50 g/10 minutes as measured under the conditions of a temperature of 190 degrees centigrade and a load of 2.

Abstract: Disclosed are a synthetic resin composition having more excellent weather resistance and an automotive interior/exterior material comprising the synthetic resin composition. Specifically disclosed are a synthetic resin composition comprising, per 100 parts by mass of a synthetic resin, as Component (A) a hindered amine compound represented by the following general formula (I): (wherein R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms or the like; and n represents an integer of 1 to 6) or the following general formula (II): (wherein R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms or the like) in an amount of 0.01 to 20 parts by mass, and as Component (B) a sulfur-containing antioxidant in an amount of 0.01 to 20 parts by mass; and an automotive interior/exterior material comprising the synthetic resin composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a stabilizer composition for halogen-containing polymers which is free from heavy metals, the use thereof in the stabilizing of halogen-containing polymers, in particular against an undesirable pink coloration, and shaped articles comprising this stabilizer composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to waxes modified with sterically hindered amines, to a process for their preparation and to their use for stabilizing organic material.

Abstract: An impact modified polyoxymethylene polymer composition is described containing a melt flow stabilizer. The polymer composition may contain a polyoxymethylene polymer containing functional groups, a thermoplastic elastomer and a coupling agent. A melt flow stabilizer is added to the composition in order to stabilize the melt volume flow rate of the composition after the components have been formulated. The melt flow stabilizer may comprise a pyridine derivative.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a flame-retardant copolyetherester composition comprising: (a) at least one copolyetherester; (b) about 5-35 wt % of at least one halogen-free flame retardant; (c) about 0.1-20 wt % of at least one nitrogen-containing compound; (d) about 0.1-10 wt % of at least one aromatic phosphate and (e) about 0.1-10 wt % of at least at least one novolac resin. Further disclosed herein are articles comprising component parts formed of the flame-retardant copolyetherester composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multi-layer product, the first layer being a UV-cured protective layer which contains SiO2 nanoparticles, and the second layer containing a thermoplastic substrate. In addition, the invention relates to the composition of the UV-curable first layer, a process for the production of the multi-layer products and products, such as e.g. glazing products, which contain the named multi-layer products.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of formula (1) and (2) and/or E/E-, E/Z- or Z/Z geometrical isomer forms thereof; wherein R1-R5, R1-R11 and A are defined as in description. The compounds are used as UV absorbers for protecting household products from photolytic and oxidative degradation, as plastic additives, preferably for food and pharmaceutical packaging applications, for preventing photo-degradation of food by incorporation of the compounds of formula (1?) and/or (2?) into transparent food containers, for protection of UV-A sensitive drugs from photo-degradation by incorporation of UV absorber in transparent blister foils or transparent pharmacy containers, as additives for photographic and printing applications, as additives for electronic applications and protecting the ingredients in agriculture applications.

Abstract: Antifouling coating compositions that do not substantially contain cuprous oxide and organotins, and that comprise: A) a metal-containing copolymer obtained by copolymerization of a polymerizable unsaturated monomer (a1) containing a metal and an unsaturated monomer (a2) capable of radical polymerization containing no metals; (B) 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one; and (C) a metal pyrithione compound.

Abstract: The invention provides a first composition comprising at least the following: A) a first ethylene-based polymer; B) one or more antioxidants, present in an amount greater than 1000 ppm, based on the weight of the first composition; and C) an “oxy amine”-containing compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to flame retardant compositions, wherein a phosphinic acid hydrazide is present in a polymer substrate. The combination with >NOR-compounds improves the flame retardant properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fixing member that can apply a sufficient pressure to toner particles even at convex portions of a paper surface while maintaining an advantage of a surface layer composed of a soft rubber layer, i.e., high conformity to concave portions of a paper surface and that prevents adhesion of contamination to the surface and hardly changes the fixing ability thereof. The fixing member has a surface layer that comes into contact with toner. The surface layer has a sea-island structure including a sea phase of fluororubber and an island phase of a silicone compound having a crosslinked structure; is constituted so that a tangential elastic modulus, being the slope of a stress-strain curve of the surface layer, increases with an increase in strain in a strain range of 0.25 to 0.8; and contains an ionic liquid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photovoltaic module comprising a photovoltaic semiconductor (1) and one or more layers (2), which contain a synthetic polymer (A) and a hindered amine light stabilizer (B). The hindered amine light stabilizer (B) is for example a compound of the formula I wherein m is=1, Y is O, A is C1-C19 alkylcarbonyl and Z1 is C1-C18 alkyl, C5-C7 cycloalkyl or C2-C12 alkyl substituted with hydroxyl.

Abstract: The present invention relates to molding and overmolding compositions for delicate components. More particularly the invention relates to compositions for low pressure molding and overmolding, making these compositions particularly well suited for electronic devices. The molding and overmolding composition is suitable for low pressure injection molding processes, particularly at 0.5 to 200 bars at 70° C. to 240° C.

Abstract: An encapsulating composition for a light emitting element, a light emitting diode (LED) and a liquid crystal display device (LCD) are provided. A silicone-cured product included as a main ingredient and a conductivity-providing agent having excellent compatibility and capable of providing superior conductivity can be used to significantly reduce the surface resistivity of the silicone-cured product. Therefore, the encapsulating composition for a light emitting element, the LED and the LCD can be useful in solving the problems regarding attachment of a foreign substance such as dust due to static electricity, and degradation of transparency since the composition has low surface resistivity when used as a semiconductor encapsulation material for an LED, and also in providing a cured product having excellent properties such as light resistance, heat resistance, durability and optical transparency.

Abstract: A non-aqueous inkjet ink includes a polyvinyl chloride resin synthesized by a suspension polymerization method or an emulsion polymerization method, an organic solvent that is a mixed solvent including diethylene glycol ethyl methyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, and diethylene glycol monoethyl ether in which the polyvinyl chloride resin is dissolved. This inkjet ink also includes a pigment, and a radical polymerization inhibitor. The radical polymerization inhibitor prevents the polyvinyl chloride resin from gelling in a short period and causing a discharge fault, clogging, etc. An ink set of inkjet inks includes a combination of the non-aqueous inkjet inks above having respective colors and including at least a cyan ink, a magenta ink, a yellow ink, and a black ink.

Abstract: A zero-halogen flame-retardant compound and continuous materials extruded therefrom comprise poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), fire-retardant ingredients melamine cyanurate (MC) and melamine polyphosphate (MPP), and an organo titanate coupling agent. The coupling agent acts as a dispersion agent to the fine powders of PET, MC and MPP and also allows the resin of the fine powders to be compounded at a reduced temperature which prevents degradation of the PET. The compound can be extruded as a thin film, sheet or tubing, and also as a filament or yarn, including monofilaments and multifilaments, which can ultimately be used to construct a protective sleeve.

Abstract: A method of manufacture of a bis(phthalimide) composition includes reacting, in the presence of a solvent and a catalytically active amount of an imidization catalyst selected from quaternary ammonium salts, quaternary phosphonium salts, and combinations thereof, a substituted phthalic anhydride with an organic diamine, wherein conversion to the bis(phthalimide) is 99% complete in less than 6 hours.

Abstract: A polymerization curable composition prepared by blending specific amounts of a photochromic compound and a specific light stabilizer such as bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate with monomer components including a specific bifunctional monomer having a structure that two phenylene groups are bonded together by a specific group, such as 2,2-bis(4-methacryloyloxypolyethoxyphenyl)propane, a polyfunctional polymerizable monomer having a functionality of 3 or more such as trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, and a monomer other than these in a specific ratio. The polymerization curable composition provides a cured product having excellent photochromic properties such as fast fading rate and sufficiently high drilling strength that allows for its use in rimless spectacles and has high long-term storage stability.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cured rubber composition, its preparation and a tire with a component of such rubber composition. A reinforcing resin is used to promote stiffness for the cured rubber composition. The elastomer for the rubber composition is primarily comprised of at least one isoprene-containing elastomer.

Abstract: An aqueous pigment dispersion used for preparing an ink jet recording aqueous ink comprises an anionic group-containing organic polymeric compound, an organic pigment, an organic pigment derivative, and the water, wherein the polymeric compound, the organic pigment, and the organic pigment derivative are dispersed in water, the organic pigment and the organic pigment derivative are a diketopyrrolopyrrole-based red pigment and a phthalimidoalkylated quinacridone, respectively, and the phthalimidoalkylated quinacridone content is in the range of 1.6 to 3.8% relative to the total (100%) of the diketopyrrolopyrrole-based red pigment and the phthalimidoalkylated quinacridone on a mass basis. Furthermore, there is provided an ink jet recording aqueous ink containing such an aqueous pigment dispersion, wherein the aqueous pigment dispersion is diluted such that the total of the organic pigment content and the organic pigment derivative content is from 1 to 8% on a mass basis.

Abstract: A molding material of the present invention includes a polymer having a repeating structural unit whose part or whole contains an alicyclic structure, a phenolic stabilizer, a hindered amine light stabilizer and a phosphorus stabilizer, in which at least a part of the phenolic stabilizer and/or hindered amine light stabilizer is presently adhering to the surface of particles of the above polymer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a thermoplastic molding composition comprising a) from 30 to 95% by weight of at least one aliphatic polyamide or copolyamide, as component A, b) from 1 to 15% by weight of at least one cyclic phenoxyphosphazene having at least 3 phenoxyphosphazene units, as component B, c) from 3 to 20% by weight of at least one (di)phosphinate salt, as component C, d) from 1 to 15% by weight of at least one reaction product of melamine with a phosphorus acid, as component D, e) from 0 to 5% by weight of at least one metal borate, as component E, f) from 0 to 20% by weight of at least one impact-modifying polymer, as component F, g) from 0 to 50% by weight of glass fibers, as component G, and h) from 0 to 30% by weight of further additives, as component H, where the total amount of components A to H gives 100% by weight.

Abstract: An ethylene homo- or copolymer composition is stabilized by suitable stabilizers conferring improved resistance against thermo-oxidative degradation, which occurs in the presence of liquid fuels comprising biodiesel, such as vegetable oil esters, in combination with oxygen. The stabilizers comprise a combination of at least two sterically hindered amine compounds or N-hydroxy- or N-oxylderivatives thereof in an amount of from 100 to 10 000 ppm. Such ethylene homo- or copolymer composition is highly suitable for articles of plastic and components for the transport and storage of liquid fuels comprising biodiesel, such as vegetable oil esters, preferably for plastic fuel tanks for automotive vehicles.

Abstract: Curing agents for air-drying alkyd-based resins, coatings, such as paint, varnish or wood stain, inks and linoleum floor coverings, based on an iron/manganese complex containing tetradentate, pentadentate or hexadentate nitrogen donor ligands are disclosed.