Abstract: This application provides a heat vulcanizable rubber composition which prevents scorch in a molding process for the production of vulcanized rubber molded articles, and has good storage stability when the composition is formulated in the form of a one pack pasty composition.The heat vulcanizable rubber composition of the present invention contains (A) a rubber component having double bonds, and (B) a vulcanizing agent in the solid state at room temperature and a vulcanizing accelerator in the solid state at room temperature, characterized in that the particle surfaces of at least one of the vulcanizing agent and vulcanizing accelerator are treated with a fine powder having a center particle size of 2 .mu.m or less in a weight ratio of said at least one of the vulcanizing agent and vulcanizing accelerator to the fine powder in the range between 1:0.001 to 1:2, to form the fine powder-treated vulcanizing agent and/or vulcanizing accelerator.

Abstract: Positive resists sensitive to UV, electron beam, and x-ray radiation which are alkaline developable are formulated from a polymer material comprising recurrent structures having alkaline soluble groups pendent to the polymer backbone, a portion of which groups are substituted with acid labile groups.

Abstract: There is provided a method of introducing functionality into a copolymer of an isoolefin and an alkylstyrene at the alkylbenzyl carbon atom comprising the steps of: forming a solution of said copolymer in a hydrocarbon solvent; adding to said polymer solution an alkali metal Cs, K, Na alkoxide and an alkyl lithium compound to form a superbase with the polymer solution; and adding an electrophile to said base polymer solution also provided are the metalated copolymers and the functionalized derivative therefrom.

Abstract: Polyalkenylaromatic-polyethylene copolymers are prepared using protected functional organolithium initiators. Polymerization of an alkenylsubstituted aromatic monomer followed by ethylene, results in a protected functional block polystyrene-co-polyethylenyllithium. Termination with a functionalizing agent followed by deprotection produces polymeric products with high functionalization at the initiating chain-end and at least partial functionalization at the terminal chain-end.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of hydrocarbon solutions of monofunctional ether initiators of the following general structure:M--Z--O--C(R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3)wherein M is an alkali metal; Z is a branched or straight chain hydrocarbon group which contains 3-25 carbon atoms, optionally containing aryl or substituted aryl groups; and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl groups containing lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, and lower dialkylamino groups, aryl or substituted aryl groups containing lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, and lower dialkylamino groups, and their employment as initiators in the anionic polymerization of olefin containing monomers in an inert, hydrocarbon solvent comprising reacting an omega-protected-1-haloalkyl with lithium metal dispersion having a particle size between 10 and 300 millimicrons in size, at a temperature between 35.degree. and 130.degree. C. in an alkane solvent containing 5 to 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of hydrocarbon solutions of monofunctional ether initiators of the following general structure:M--Z--O--C(R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3)wherein M is an alkali metal; Z is a branched or straight chain hydrocarbon group which contains 3-25 carbon atoms, optionally containing aryl or substituted aryl groups; and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl or substituted aryl groups, and their employment as initiators in the anionic polymerization of olefin containing monomers in an inert, hydrocarbon solvent comprising reacting an omega-protected-1-haloalkyl with lithium metal dispersion having a particle size between 10 and 300 millimicrons in size, at a temperature between 35.degree. and 130.degree. C. in an alkane solvent containing 5 to 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Cation exchange resins are prepared by sulfonating copolymer beads in the presence of a swelling solvent under pressure. Pressure sulfonation shortens cycle times and requires less energy while maintaining or improving product quality.

Abstract: A dry immunoassay analytical element, for assaying a ligand, comprising in the following order:(a) a layer containing a labeled ligand;(b) a spreading layer;(c) a receptor layer containing a fixed concentration of an immobilized receptor for the labeled ligand and the receptor is i) covalently bonded to polymeric beads having a diameter in the range of 0.1 to 5 .mu.m and ii) dispersed in a polymeric binder and(d) a support;characterized in that the spreading layer contains a water soluble polymer containing vanadium IV (V.sup.+4) ions.

Abstract: Perfluorinated polymers are dissolved in supercritical carbon dioxide and/or sulfur hexafluoride at elevated temperatures and pressures. The solutions are useful for making foams, spun-bonded or paper-like webs, or for purification of polymers.

Abstract: Random block copolymers having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is --CH.dbd.CH-- or (--CH.sub.2 --).sub.j, in which j is zero or an integer from one to eight; R.sub.2 is selected from hydrogen, straight and branched alkyl and alkylaryl groups containing up to 18 carbon atoms and derivatives or biologically and pharmaceutically active compounds covalently bonded to said copolymer; each R.sub.3 is independently an alkylene group containing up to 4 carbon atoms; y is an integer between about 5 and about 3000; and f is the percent molar fraction of alkylene oxide in the copolymer and ranges between about 1 and about 99 mole percent. Implantable medical devices and drug delivery implants containing the random block copolymers are also disclosed, along with methods for drug delivery and for preventing the formation of adhesions between injured tissues employing the random block copolymers. Polyarylate random block copolymers are also described.

Abstract: A method for producing a spherical crosslinked copolymer, which comprises polymerizing a monofunctional addition-polymerizable monomer and at least 0.5% by weight of a polyfunctional addition-polymerizable monomer on the basis of the total weight of monomers by suspension polymerization in an aqueous medium in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator of the following formula (b) which has a decomposition temperature for a half-life period of 10 hours within a range of from 60.degree. to 120.degree. C. and which is capable of forming at least four radical initiating points per molecule by the decomposition:(R.sub.4 --O--O.paren close-st..sub.m R.sub.5 (b)wherein R.sub.4 is a linear or branched C.sub.1-10 alkyl group, R.sub.5 is a m-valent C.sub.4-25 hydrocarbon group, and m is an integer of at least 2, wherein the plurality of R.sub.4 per molecule may be the same or different.

Abstract: A process is provided for the halomethylation of the aromatic groups in an isoolefin-vinylidene aromatic monomer polymer by the in situ generation of the halomethylating species formed by the reaction of a methoxy alkoxy methane with a thionyl halide, the halomethylation of the polymer being catalyzed by a Lewis acid.

Abstract: Process for the production of polymer-bound rubber chemicals, characterized in that the rubber chemicals and optionally additives are finely dispersed in a low molecular weight polymerizable liquid, polymerization is then initiated, optionally after adding a further component which reacts with the polymerizable liquid to form a polymer, and the solid, homogeneous mixture of rubber chemicals and polymer so formed is optionally converted into a form suitable for use.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of hydrocarbon solutions of monofunctional ether initiators of the following general structure:M--Z--O--C(R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3)wherein M is an alkali metal; Z is a branched or straight chain hydrocarbon group which contains 3-25 carbon atoms, optionally containing aryl or substituted aryl groups; and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl or substituted aryl groups, and their employment as initiators in the anionic polymerization of olefin containing monomers in an inert, hydrocarbon solvent comprising reacting an omega-protected-1-haloalkyl with lithium metal dispersion having a particle size between 10 and 300 millimicrons in size, at a temperature between 35.degree. and 130.degree. C. in an alkane solvent containing 5 to 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Crystalline, low melting .epsilon.-Caprolactone polymers which undergo accelerated hydrolysis for use, for example, as absorbable coatings for surgical sutures; the polymers bearing basic amine functionalities, ionically or covalently linked to the ester chain, which induce autocatalyzed hydrolysis.

Abstract: In order to improve the adhesion of coatings, especially metal coatings, to the surfaces of plastic components, the latter are pretreated in low-pressure plasma with a process gas containing sulphur hexafluoride (SF.sub.6) which is substantially free of oxygen, the plastic surfaces being kept free of fluorine deposits or inclusions during the pretreatment.

Abstract: A chlorinated ethylene/.alpha.-olefin copolymer rubber which is a chlorinated product of an ethylene/.alpha.-olefin copolymer rubber having a vinylidene bond at the terminal of the molecule, the number of said vinylidene bond being 0.05 to 1.00 per 1,000 carbon atoms, which has a chlorine content of 20 to 40% by weight, and which has a Mooney viscosity [ML.sub.1+4 (121.degree. C.)] of 10 to 190; and a composition comprising the chlorinated ethylene/.alpha.-olefin copolymer rubber, (a) a reinforcing agent, (b) a softening agent, and (c) a vulcanizing agent.

Abstract: The present invention is intended to provide a metal scavenger that is free from the defects of metal scavengers formed by introducing dithioic acid groups to polyalkylenepolyamines or the like, is high in settling speed of flock when used in waste water treatment, and can carry out treatment of waste water efficiently and also to provide a process of producing the same efficiently. The present metal scavenger has a structure that is formed by replacing the hydrogen atoms linked to the nitrogen atoms of a polyamine having aminomethyl groups by dithioic acid groups or their salts and that is represented by the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents a dithioic acid group, an alkali metal dithioate group, an alkaline earth metal dithioate group, or an ammonium dithioate group and R' represents a hydrogen atom, a dithioic acid group, an alkali metal dithioate group, an alkaline earth metal dithioate group, or an ammonium dithioate group.

Abstract: The invention is a multilayer tire sidewall having an outer layer prepared from a blend of isomonoolefin/para-alkylstyrene copolymer and general purpose rubbers. The inner layer comprises general purpose rubber. The resulting sidewall exhibit good ozone resistance and fatigue crack resistance as well as a reduction in staining and discloration.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sulfur vulcanized rubber composition containing 0.1 to 10.0 phr of an oligomeric maleimide of the formula: ##STR1## or a maleamic acid of the formula: ##STR2## wherein R and R.sup.1 are individually selected from the group of radicals consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a halogen; R.sup.2 is selected from the group of radicals consisting of 1 to 12 carbon atoms; X has a value of from 1 to 146 and n has a value of from 0 to 4.The presence of the maleimide oligomer or maleamic acid improve cord adhesion to the sulfur vulcanized rubber compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polymer resulting from the copolymerization of at least three monomers. From about 40 to 84 weight percent of the polymer is derived from a conjugated diolefin, from about 15 to 50 weight percent of the polymer is derived from a vinyl substituted aromatic compound and from about 1 to 8 weight percent of the polymer is derived from an olefinically unsaturated nitrile. These polymers may be added to a tread rubber stock for improved wet traction and improved abrasion resistance.

Abstract: Polymer agglomeration is prevented in chlorinations and chlorosulfonations of olefin polymers performed in perfluorinated media by addition of fluorinated surfactants.

Abstract: Olefin polymers of melt index 1-500 g/10 minutes are chlorinated or chlorosulfonated in perfluorinated alkane, perfluorinated ether, or perfluorinated tertiary amine suspension.

Abstract: A process for anionic polymerization of polymerizable monomers with an organo lithium initiator followed by polymerization termination characterized in that terminated reaction products are neutralized by contacting with sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: Alkali-resistant core-shell polymers having an acid-insoluble core and an acid-soluble shell are prepared by sequential emulsion polymerization of a monomer mixture having acid-ionizable functionality such that the resulting polymer has an acid-insoluble core and an acid-soluble shell. Films from these alkali-resistant, core-shell polymers are resistant to high pH environments where alkali-resistance is required. The alkali-resistant, core-shell polymers are useful in applications such as inks, clear overprint varnishes, coatings, metal adhesion, fiber treatment, paper treatment, cathodic deposition coatings, stain blocking, coagulants and flocculants.

Abstract: Functional polyolefins containing a terminal functional group; the block copolymers that can be obtained from such polyolefins by reaction with polymers reactive with the functional groups and the precursors used for the preparation of the functionalized polyolefins, which are made of olefin polymers terminated at one end with ZnR groups where R is an alkyl or aryl radical with 1-10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A process for anionic polymerization of polymerizable monomers with an organo lithium initiator followed by polymerization termination characterized in that terminated reaction products are neutralized by contacting with sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to poly(oxydiphenylamines) of the formula: ##STR1## wherein n is an integer ranging from about 1 to 100. The poly(oxydiphenylamines) are useful as a rubber additive and have shown improvement in the tear strength of the rubber as measured by increased peel adhesion.

Abstract: A method of preparing an elastomer having reduced hysteresis properties comprises the steps of reacting an anionic polymer having at least one functional site, with about one equivalent of a sulfoxide compound having the formula ##STR1## to form an adduct, where R1 and R2 are organo groups selected from the group consisting of alkyls and sulfur substituted alkyls having from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyls having from about 3 to about 20 carbon atoms, aryls and halogen substituted aryls having from about 6 to about 20 carbon atoms and aralkyls having from about 7 to about 20 carbon atoms; and, curing the adduct in the presence of a suitable cure catalyst. Articles such as tires, produced with low hysteresis elastomeric polymers have lower rolling resistance.

Abstract: Polyimides having a high thermal and oxidative stability are prepared by reacting a mixture of monomers comprising (a) a dialkyl, trialkyl, or teThis invention was made with Government support under F33615-88-C-5409 awarded by the Department of the Air force. The Government has certain rights in this invention.

Abstract: Disclosed is a multiplex ethylene coplymer comprising (a) 50 to 94.8 mole % of units derived from ethylene, which are represented by the following formula (I):--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -- (I)(b) 5 to 45 mole % of units derived from a monomer selected from alkyl acrylates, alkyl methacrylates, vinyl carboxylates and isopropenyl carboxylates, which are represented by the following formula (II): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 stands for a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and X is ##STR2## in which R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 stand for an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms), and (c) 0.2 to 5 mole % of units derived from a monomer having a radical-polymerizable ethylenic double bond and at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond which is different from a double bond of an aromatic nucleus. This ethylene copolymer can be easily cured, and the cured copolymer is a rubber having excellent oil resistance and heat resistance.

Abstract: Method for modifying polymers with pendant carboxyl groups through reaction with nucleophilic reagent, e.g., sulfide, selenide, cyanide, to produce a carrier on which biologically active materials such as enzymes may be immobilized.

Abstract: Ziegler-Natta catalyzed polymer chains are end capped with at least one functional group-containing unit which is otherwise essentially absent from said polymer chain. The chains can be grafted to form graft copolymers and star copolymers. The compositions are useful as oil additives and in general purpose elastomer as well as thermoplastic polymer compositions.

Abstract: A chlorinated ethylene-alpha olefin-nonconjugated diolefin terpolymer having a chlorine content of from about 0.5 to 14 percent by weight characterized by superior viscosity stability on storage or exposure to elevated temperatures is obtained by chlorinating an ethylene-alpha olefin-nonconjugated diolefin terpolymer wherein said nonconjugated diolefin is an acyclic nonconjugated diolefin characterized in that one olefinic bond is monosubstituted and terminal and the other olefinic bond is trisubstituted. A vulcanizable rubber composition comprising said chlorinated ethylene-alpha olefin-nonconjugated diolefin terpolymer and cure active agents is also provided.

Abstract: Oxyalkylated, carboxyl-containing polymers are prepared by reacting(A) a polymer which contains one or more monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -carboxylic acids as copolymerized units with(B) an alkylene oxidein an aqueous medium at not more than 120.degree. C. by a process in which the reaction is started at a pH of from 5.0 to 5.9 and is ended after a pH of from 5.5 to 8.5 has been reached. As a result of monitoring of the pH, the selectivity of the addition reaction of alkylene oxides with the polymers (A) is substantially improved compared with known processes.

Abstract: It has been found that the properties of polycyclic cycloolefins, in particular poly(dicyclopentadiene), can be substantially improved by halogenation of the surface. Both aqueous and gaseous treatments of the polymer have been found to significantly improve the resistance to various acids and solvents. Chlorine, fluorine and bromine, in particular, when incorporated into the surface of the polymer increase chemical resistance, improve retention of properties upon aging, reduce emission of residual monomer, and encourage better adhesion of paint.Among the substances found to provide the desired chemical resistance on the polymer surface were dry chlorine gas, aqueous chlorine, immersion in liquid bromine, aqueous bromine, and fluorine gas. Similar improvement in chemical resistance can be obtained through treatment with pseudohalogen compounds or interhalogen compounds.

Abstract: This invention relates to a p-methyl styrene polymer represented by the following formula: ##STR1## Z denotes a group such as a functional group. Poly p-methylstyrene (PPMS) is lithiated by reaction with n-butyllithium. The lithiated PPMS is used to prepare polymers containing functional groups. As an example, a solution of PPMS (MW 260,000), 1.0 g in 20 ml of cyclohexane, was reacted with n-butyllithium, 8.5 mmol, and tetramethylethylenediamine, 8.7 mmol, for 20 hours to obtain a precipitate. The precipitate was dissolved in THF, and CO.sub.2 was blown into the solution. The solution was washed with an aqueous solution of HCl and dropped into methanol to obtain a solid polymer having carboxyl group functionality.

Abstract: Substantially linear organophosphazene polymers containing randomly distributed repeating units represented by the formulas: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a fluoroalkoxy group having the structure:F.sub.3 C--(CF.sub.2).sub.n --CH.sub.2 O--wherein n is 0 or an integer from 1 to 20 and X is fluorine and wherein at least 3 of the R.sub.1 units are different from each other and R.sub.2 represents a group with some unsaturation which enhances the curability of said polymers and represented by the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.3 is an unsaturated monovalent group and R.sub.4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl and alkoxy, the total number of said units ranging from 3 to about 100,000 and the R.sub.2 groups being present in an amount sufficient to enable cure of said polymers and in the range of about 0.01-50 mole percent of the total number of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 groups are claimed.

Abstract: A method for making a conductive polymer for static charge dissipation, electromagnetic induction shielding, electroplating, or making a semiconductor comprises uniformly mixing into any number of polymer or polymer blends which are in a molten or semimolten state about 1 to about 30% by weight of sulfur to form a polymer/sulfur blend. Once the polymer/sulfur blend is solidified, by cooling, it is exposed to an aqueous cuprous ion solution whereby the cuprous ions react with the sulfur in the polymer/sulfur blend to form copper sulfide dendrites within the polymer. The aqueous cuprous ion solution may also contain elemental sulfur to aid in the formation of the copper sulfide. Additionally, the aqueous cuprous ion solution may also contain an effective amount of dilute hydrochloric acid or dilute ammonium hydroxide to aid in the facilitation of complexation. The conductive polymers of the present invention have a resistivity of less than about 10,000 ohms/sq. and preferably less than about 400 ohms/sq.

Abstract: Polymers of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxyl and alkoxy and n is an integer such that the polymer has a weight average molecular weight within the range of from 5,000 to 30,000 are useful to prepare a wide variety of block copolymer resins such as polycarbonate-polyisobutylene block copolymer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to poly-(C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 -.alpha.-olefine)-carboxylic acids of Mw (weight average) 2000 to 350,000, to their preparation by oxidative degradation of polyolefines or by reaction of "Living" polyolefines with CO.sub.2, to their conversion into poly-(C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 -.alpha.-olefine)-carbonyl halides and to their use for preparing polyolefine/polycarbonate block copolymers and the block copolymers obtainable by the process according to the invention.

Abstract: A rubber composition contains granules of two-layer structure composed of insoluble sulfur powder treated with .alpha.-methylstyrene and a process oil as a vulcanizing agent. In this case, the content of process oil in the inner layer portion of the granule is larger than that in the outer layer portion thereof.

Abstract: Polycarbon sulphide derivatives comprise units (R.sub.x CS.sub.m).sub.n in whichR represents hydrogen, an alkali metal or a transition metal,x is the degree to which R is present in the carbon-sulphur structure,m is the degree of substitution with sulphur andn is the number of units in the polymer chain.As shown by the single FIGURE of the drawing, the insertion of R is reversible.

Abstract: Polycarbon sulphide derivatives comprise units (R.sub.x CS.sub.m).sub.n in whichR represents hydrogen, an alkali metal or a transition metal,x is the degree to which R is present in the carbon-sulphur structure,m is the degree of substitution with sulphur andn is the number of units in the polymer chain.As shown by the single figure of the drawing, the insertion of R is reversible.

Abstract: Poly(alloocimene) is functionalized by reaction with an electrophile to obtain polymers useful as a film-former in a coating composition.

Abstract: Sulfur vulcanizable partially hydrolyzed ethylene-vinyl acetate terpolymers and processes for producing these products are disclosed.

Abstract: Method of and apparatus for controlling the liquid-steam interface in a continuous vulcanization system which includes the steps of selecting a preferred water-steam interface position within a curing tube, detecting the elevation of water in the tube by a water sensitive sensing means, converting the detected elevation data into a signal, and controlling the position of the interface according to the signal.

Abstract: In a process for the continuous halogenation of polymers by contacting polymer and halogenating agent in a continuous flow device in which means are provided for disengaging reaction by-products and unreacted halogenating agent from the reaction mixture, by deforming and disrupting the halogenated polymer surface and injecting an inert and/or reactive gas into the halogenated polymers immediately after reaction thereby neutralizing the product. In a preferred embodiment the process is carried out in an extruder-reactor and an optional, supplementary inert and/or reactive gas scrubbing zone is included. The process is amenable to saturated and unsaturated polymers.

Abstract: Guayule resin is sulfurized such that it has a high softening point of at least 70.degree. C. The sulfurized guayule resin can be utilized in association with conventional rubbers and the end results in improved properties such as reduced hysteresis loss, increased tensile strength and the like.

Abstract: Water soluble polyamines useful as flocculating agents are prepared by reaction of acrylonitrile polymers in solution with dialkylaminoalkylamines using ammonium polysulfide as catalyst.