Abstract: To provide a solid fluoroelastomer having nitrile group at the end which gives a crosslinked product being excellent in heat resistance, solvent resistance, chemical resistance, compression set and cleanliness, and an economical process for preparation thereof. The process for preparing a nitrile group-containing fluoroelastomer by converting amide group contained in a polymer molecular chain of a solid fluoroelastomer into nitrile group in the presence of a dehydrating agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to halogenated, low-gel, high molecular weight isoolefin multiolefin copolymers, in particular to halogenated, low-gel, high molecular weight butyl rubbers, and halogenated, low-gel, high molecular weight isoolefin multiolefin copolymers synthesized from isobutene, isoprene and optionally further monomers, with a multiolefin content of greater than 2.5 mol %, a molecular weight Mw of greater than 240 kg/mol and a gel content of less than 1.2 wt. % and a process for their preparation.

Abstract: Compositions including one or more anionic polymerization initiators and one or more additives for improving functionalizing efficiency of living polymer anions are disclosed. The present invention also provides compositions including one or more electrophiles and one or more additives for improving functionalizing efficiency of living polymer anions. Novel electrophiles and processes for improving polymer anion functionalization efficiencies are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the elimination of formamide from polymers containing N-vinylformamide units involves treating formamide-containing polymers with from 1 to 2 mol-equivalents of an acid or a base, based on 1 mol-equivalent of formamide, under reaction conditions such that the N-vinylformamide units in the polymer undergo virtually no hydrolysis.

Abstract: An elastomer composition including an elastomer having a functional group, and a compound having a functional group, in which corresponding functional groups form a cross-link by at least one of an ionic bond, a hydrogen bond, and Diels-Alder reaction with temperatures, i.e., by heating, while the cross-link is cleaved at around room temperature, forming and cleaving of the cross-link being reversible.

Abstract: An invented method for the surface modification of a molded plastic treats a molded plastic with an oxygen-atom-containing gas such as oxygen, carbon monoxide, a nitrogen oxide, or a sulfur oxide in the presence of N-hydroxyphthalimide or another imide compound represented by the following formula (1): wherein R1 and R2 are each, identical to or different from each other, a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a cycloalkyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, a carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, or an acyl group, or R1 and R2 may be combined to form a double bond or an aromatic or non-aromatic ring; X is an oxygen atom or a hydroxyl group. An invented method for modifying a polymer treats a polymer with an oxygen-atom-containing gas such as oxygen, carbon monoxide, a nitrogen oxide, or a sulfur oxide in the presence of the imide compound represented by the formula (1).

Abstract: A method of fluorinating a substance comprises providing a reaction mixture comprising a liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide reaction medium, a first reactant, and a second reactant, wherein the first reactant is a fluorinating reagent, and then contacting the first reactant and the second reactant in the carbon dioxide such that the first reactant fluorinates the second reactant.

Abstract: A process for producing a cationic emulsion stable to alkalis having an average particle diameter of 0.01 to 0.1 micron, in which, using as an emulsifier, a water-soluble polymer A2 obtained by subjecting a polymer A1 obtained by copolymerizing an amino group-containing compound with a compound copolymerizable therewith in the presence of a polymerization initiator, to neutralization with an organic or inorganic acid, a specific epoxy group-containing acrylate compound (c) and a compound copolymerizable therewith are subjected in combination to emulsion polymerization in the presence of a redox catalyst system in water as a medium to obtain an emulsion D; the emulsion D is then reacted with epichlorohydrin. The cationic emulsion is coated on paper, a film, or a strongly alkaline substrate to impart water resistance.

Abstract: A process for producing tires for vehicle wheels includes making a raw tire including at least one crosslinkable elastomeric material, molding the raw tire in a molding cavity defined in a vulcanization mold, and crosslinking the elastomeric material by heating the tire to a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time, wherein the raw tire includes at least one crosslinkable elastomeric material having an elastomeric polymer containing epoxide groups and an active filler containing hydroxyl groups dispersed in the elastomeric polymer, and wherein the crosslinking step is carried out essentially without additional crosslinking agents. A related composition, process for producing the composition, manufactured product, and tire are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for controlling the properties of the product polymer of a polymerization process to improve the process productivity and product quality in both batch and continuous production of polyamides.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solid golf ball which attains long flying distance and is superior in hit feeling and durability. The present invention provides a solid golf ball in which at least a portion thereof is made of rubber, wherein the rubber portion is a crosslinked, molded rubber composition comprising a base rubber, a co-crosslinking agent and peroxides, the base rubber comprising a polybutadiene modified with a tin compound and having a cis content of 40% or more.

Abstract: The invention provides a copolymer of an isomonoolefin having from 4 to 7 carbon atoms and containing a copolymerized alkenyl styrene moiety represented by the formula I: where m=0-2, n=0-20, each of R1 through R7 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1 to C10 alkyl and C1 to C10 primary or secondary alkyl halides, and at least one of R1, R2 or R3 is hydrogen, and when m=1 or 2, R3 and R1 are —CH2—.

Abstract: A process for producing a monodisperse polymer which has a number-average molecular weight from 1,000 to 100,000 and a molecular weight distribution Mw (weight-average molecular weight)/Mn (number-average molecular weight)=1.00 through 1.50 is disclosed. This process comprises: homopolymerizing or random copolymerizing an anionic polymerizable compound by living anionic polymerization using an organic alkali metal and/or an alkali metal as a polymerization initiator, wherein a target molecular weight is obtained by adding the compound divided into multiple steps.

Abstract: Optical waveguides prepared by irradiating selected regions of positive photochromic polymeric materials with actinic radiation are disclosed. The photochromic materials undergo an irreversible photochemical change which results in an increase in the refractive index of light-exposed regions. In addition, the materials exhibit negligible second-order polarizability prior to exposure and excellent nonlinear optical properties after exposure and polarization. Thus, the exposed regions are particularly useful as the core in active waveguides for use in second-order nonlinear optical applications, as well as the core in passive waveguides. In addition, a simple two step process is disclosed for forming optical waveguides from the positive photochromic polymers. Optical structures, such as optical integrated circuits, and optical devices which incorporate the waveguides are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for removing a protecting group from a polymer. Protected functional groups of a polymer may be deprotected by treating the polymer in the presence of an acid catalyst, including organic acids, mineral acids, heterogeneous acid systems, Lewis acids, and fluoride ion sources.

Abstract: Protected, functionalized heterotelechelic polymers, hydrogenated and/or deprotected analogues thereof, and processes to prepare these polymers. Monomers are polymerized using a protected functionalized initiator to form a living polymer, and the living polymer is reacted with an electrophile to form heterotelechelic polymers.

Abstract: This invention relates to dye complexing polymers, and, more particularly, to water soluble poly(vinylpyridine betaines) containing a quaternary nitrogen and a carboxylate salt. The polymers herein have effective dye transfer inhibitor (DTI) properties for use, for example, laundry detergent and fabric softener compositions.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of preparing a polymeric delivery system for active ingredients. The delivery system is formed either by attaching the active ingredient to a linker through a hydrolyzable covalent bond, then forming a covalent bond between the linker and a portion of the subunits of a crosslinked polymer, or by attaching a linker to a portion of the subunits of a crosslinked polymer, then attaching the active ingredient to the polymer-linker combination through a hydrolyzable covalent bond. The invention also provides a delivery system comprising an active ingredient covalently bonded through a hydrolyzable covalent bond to a linker, which is in turn covalently bonded to a portion of subunits of a crosslinked polymer.

Abstract: This invention relates to dye complexing polymers, and, more particularly, to water soluble poly(vinylpyridine betaines) containing a quaternary nitrogen and a carboxylate salt. The-polymers herein have effective dye transfer inhibitor (DTI) properties for use, for example, laundry detergent and fabric softener compositions.

Abstract: Methods are revealed for producing polyolefin substituted carboxylic acylating agents having less than 1000 ppm chlorine, and reaction products formed therefrom such as dispersants. The carboxylic acylating agents are formed by reacting a polyolefin having labile halogen content with an .alpha.-.beta. unsaturated carboxylic acid. The products formed in this invention are used in lubricating compositions.

Abstract: Positive resists sensitive to UV, electron beam, and x-ray radiation which are alkaline developable are formulated from a polymer material comprising recurrent structures having alkaline soluble groups pendent to the polymer backbone, a portion of which groups are substituted with acid labile groups.

Abstract: A process for producing a contact lens having a hydrophilic surface comprising subjecting a contact lens material comprising a copolymer prepared by copolymerizing a monomer mixture containing a polymerizable monomer (A) which is at least one member selected from a sugar ketal-containing (meth)acrylate and a sugar glycerol ketal-containing (meth)acrylate, and a polymerizable monomer (B) which is copolymerizable with the polymerizable monomer (A) to acid treatment, wherein the polymerizable monomer (B) contains a hydrophobic monomer which is at least one member selected from a silicon-containing monomer, a fluorine-containing monomer and a silicon- and fluorine-containing monomer, and a contact lens which has high oxygen permeability and of which surface shows stably excellent hydrophilic property and which is excellent in deposit resistance at the same time.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing a flame-retardant polymer comprising mixing one or more polymeric base resins with a source of brominated syndiotactic polystyrene that displays a noncrystalline order and is produced by a process comprising brominating syndiotactic polystyrene in an inert reaction medium that is incapable of dissolving to any appreciable degree syndiotactic polystyrene at ambient temperature and pressure. The produced brominated syndiotactic polystyrene has a melting temperature in excess of about 325.degree. C.

Abstract: A plastic article having a number of surfaces with at least one surface being modified by contacting that surface with a reactive gas atmosphere containing F.sub.2, Cl.sub.2, O.sub.2, Ozone, SO.sub.3, oxidative acids, or mixtures thereof, at a temperature and gas partial pressure sufficient to increase the surface energy of the at least one surface being modified to at least 40 dynes/cm at a temperature of 20.degree. C., to enhance bonding of non-slip polymer coatings to the modified surface, to which coatings elastomeric or rigid particles may be admixed for imparting a surface profile and increasing the coefficient of friction between the coated surface and the counter-surface.

Abstract: A rubber composition of low compression set comprising 100 parts by weight of a mixture and 0.1 to 15 parts by weight of a peroxide crosslinking agent admixed therewith, the mixture comprising 5 to 55 wt. % of a peroxide-crosslinkable fluororubber containing vinylidene fluoride copolymerized therein in a proportion of 45 to 88 mole % and having a number average molecular weight of 20,000 to 200,000, and 95 to 45 wt. % of an acrylic rubber containing 0.1 to 1.5 wt. % of a polyfunctional monomer copolymerized therein and having a functional group rendering the acrylic rubber peroxide-cocrosslinkable with the fluororuber and a functional group effecting the copolymerization of the monomer with an acrylic ester, and molded product prepared from the composition.

Abstract: A process for producing a copolymer of isoolefin having between 4 and 7 carbon atoms and para-alkylstyrene is provided. The process comprises admixing the isoolefin and the para-alkylstyrene in a copolymerization reactor under copolymerization conditions in the presence of a diluent, and a Lewis Acid catalyst, and maintaining the copolymerization reactor substantially free of impurities which can complex with the catalyst or copolymerize with the isoolefin or the para-alkylstyrene.

Abstract: Substituted cyanoenamines of the formula I ##STR1## wherein Z, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are defined in the description, compositions thereof and methods for preparing the compounds are disclosed. The compounds are useful in the treatment of diseases of the central nervous system, the cardiovascular system, the pulmonary system, the gastrointestinal system and the endocrinologic system.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for reducing the chlorine content of various organochlorine compounds including the step introducing a source of iodine or bromine and mixtures thereof to the organochlorine compound.

Abstract: This invention relates to dye complexing polymers, and, more particularly, to water soluble poly(vinylpyridine betaines) containing a quaternary nitrogen and a carboxylate salt. The polymers herein have effective dye transfer inhibitor (DTI) properties for use, for example, laundry detergent and fabric softener compositions.

Abstract: This invention relates to the bromination of styrenic polymers by contacting same with a brominating agent in the presence of a bromination catalyst and, as a reaction solvent, bromochloromethane.

Abstract: Protected, functionalized heterotelechelic polymers, hydrogenated and/or deprotected analogues thereof, and processes to prepare these polymers. Monomers are polymerized using a protected functionalized initiator to form a living polymer, and the living polymer is reacted with an electrophile to form heterotelechelic polymers.

Abstract: Water-soluble polymers including functionalization from the group of amino groups, carboxylic acid groups, phosphonic acid groups, phosphonic ester groups, acylpyrazolone groups, hydroxamic acid groups, aza crown ether groups, oxy crown ethers groups, guanidinium groups, amide groups, ester groups, aminodicarboxylic groups, permethylated polyvinylpyridine groups, permethylated amine groups, mercaptosuccinic acid groups, alkyl thiol groups, and N-alkylthiourea groups are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new flame-retardant additive comprising brominated syndiotactic polystyrene. The additive has a melting temperature in excess of about 325.degree. C. and it displays a noncrystalline order. The additive also has less than 1500 ppm halogen located on the backbone of the syndiotactic polystyrene as measured in HBr equivalents. The additive provides for better color and improved thermal stability as compared to the use of conventional brominated polystyrene.

Abstract: The present invention provide an aqueous type pigment dispersing agent having one portion which has a high affinity with a pigment and which has at least one type of selected from the group consisting of an organic dye, anthraquinone and acridone and only at a terminal end or at both terminal ends of at least one aqueous polymer selected from an aqueous linear urethanic polymer and an aqueous linear acrylic polymer, a pigment composition using the same and a pigment dispersion. The portion having a high affinity with the pigment can be adsorbed efficiently on the surface of a pigment. At the same time, for example, a pigment, used for ink or paint can be dispersed stably due to the affinity between the polymer portion and a disperse medium to improve the adaptability in use and the quality of coating articles.

Abstract: This invention features a process for brominating styrenic polymers, which process comprises forming a reaction mass by feeding a mixture, (i) which is substantially free of a bromination catalyst and (ii) which is formed from at least brominating agent and a styrenic polymer, to a catalytic quantity of a bromination catalyst.

Abstract: This invention features a process for brominating styrenic polymers which process comprises feeding a first stream comprising a brominating agent, a second stream comprising styrenic polymer and a third stream comprising bromination catalyst to a mixer to intimately mix such streams.

Abstract: This invention relates to the bromination of styrenic polymers by contacting same with a brominating agent in the presence of a bromination catalyst and, as a reaction solvent, bromochloromethane.

Abstract: Aqueous emulsion of one or more water dilutable epoxide resins, containing10 to 70 wt % of one or more epoxide resins5 to 50 wt % of one or more organic solvents having a boiling point of 100.degree. to 160.degree. C.,10 to 70 wt % of water,and one or more chlorinated polyolefines in a weight ratio of epoxide resins:chlorinated polyolefine of 10:0.5 to 10:4.5, percentages by weight relating in each case to the total aqueous emulsion.The emulsions can be used for the preparation of coating agents, especially for coating plastic substrates.

Abstract: A Koch functionalized product which is the reaction product of at least one polymer having a number average molecular weight of at least 500 and at least ethylenic double bond per polymer chain, with carbon monoxide and a nucleophilic trapping agent. The invention includes functionalized polymer, derivatives thereof and methods of making the same.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for reducing the chlorine content of various organochlorine compounds including the step introducing a source of iodine or bromine and mixtures thereof to the organochlorine compound.

Abstract: A newsprint paper coated with a surface treating agent including a polyacrylamide-based compound and a vinyl acetate/maleic acid half ester copolymer in an coating amount of 0.01 to 0.2 g/m.sup.2. By coating the surface treating agent which is capable of obtaining well-balanced surface strength and peeling strength, lightweight newsprint paper or high recycled pulp content newsprint paper suitable for offset printing can be obtained.

Abstract: Described are anion-exchange materials having extraordinarily high affinity for plutonium anions such as plutonium (IV), and technetium anions such as pertechnetate. Preferred inventive resins are highly divinylbenzene-crosslinked polyvinylpyridine resins exhibiting a macroreticular bead form, which have been quaternized to contain a substantial amount of 1-alkyl-pyridinium groups wherein the alkyl group has 4 to 8 carbon atoms. The inventive resins can be used in preferred processes for recovering plutonium and/or technetium anions from aqueous mediums, for example nuclear waste streams or groundwater related to civilian or defense-related nuclear operations.

Abstract: This invention features a process for brominating styrenic polymers which process comprises feeding a first stream comprising a brominating agent, a second stream comprising styrenic polymer and a third stream comprising bromination catalyst to a mixer to intimately mix such streams.

Abstract: A process for halogenating a copolymer of a C.sub.4 to C.sub.7 isomonoolefin, e.g. isobutylene, and a multiolefin, e.g. isoprene or a para-alkylstyrene, e.g., para-methylstyrene, is disclosed. Increased halogenation efficiency and decreased reaction time is achieved by conducting the reaction in the presence of a halogen source and an aqueous emulsion containing a water soluble oxidizing agent, e.g. hydrogen peroxide, which oxidizes hydrogen halide generated in-situ in the reaction back to free halogen.

Abstract: This invention features a process for brominating styrenic polymers, which process comprises forming a reaction mass by feeding a mixture, (i) which is substantially free of a bromination catalyst and (ii) which is formed from at least brominating agent and a styrenic polymer, to a catalytic quantity of a bromination catalyst.

Abstract: A process for halogenating a copolymer of a C.sub.4 -C.sub.7 isomonoolefin, eg. isobutylene, and a para-alkylsyrene, e.g., para-methylstyrne, is disclosed. Increased halogenation efficiency is achieved by conducting the reaction under free radical halogenation conditions and in the presence of an oxidizing agent, e.g. hydrogen peroxide, which oxidizes hydrogen halide generated in-situ in the reaction back to free halogen. The oxidizing agent is preferably not added to the reaction medium until after first stage halogenation is substantially completed.

Abstract: Anion exchange resins including at least two positively charged sites and a ell-defined spacing between the positive sites are provided together with a process of removing anions or anionic metal complexes from aqueous solutions by use of such resins. The resins can be substituted poly(vinylpyridine) and substituted polystyrene.

Abstract: A process for the bromination of a copolymer of an isoolefin having from 4 to 7 carbon atoms and a para-alkystyrene comprising bromating the copolymer in the presence of bromine and a radical initiator thereby providing a brominated copolymer of the copolymer. The brominated copolymer is substantially free of ring bromine and backbone bromine.

Abstract: A method for producing a spherical crosslinked copolymer, which comprises polymerizing a monofunctional addition-polymerizable monomer and at least 0.5% by weight of a polyfunctional addition-polymerizable monomer on the basis of the total weight of monomers by suspension polymerization in an aqueous medium in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator of the following formula (b) which has a decomposition temperature for a half-life period of 10 hours within a range of from 60.degree. to 120.degree. C. and which is capable of forming at least four radical initiating points per molecule by the decomposition:(R.sub.4 --O--O.paren close-st..sub.m R.sub.5 (b)wherein R.sub.4 is a linear or branched C.sub.1-10 alkyl group, R.sub.5 is a m-valent C.sub.4-25 hydrocarbon group, and m is an integer of at least 2, wherein the plurality of R.sub.4 per molecule may be the same or different.

Abstract: Crosslinked, nitrogen-containing vinyl copolymers having units of the formula I ##STR1## and physiologically tolerated salts thereof, in which, in formula I, A1, A2, R, w, x, y and z have the meanings given, a process for their preparation and the use of the compounds as medicaments, active compound carriers and foodstuff auxiliaries are described.