Abstract: Isocyanic acid derivatives are prepared by reacting an organic halogen compound with an alkali cyanate in N,N-disubstituted organic acid amides, N,N-disubstituted sulfonic acid amides, sulfoxides, sulfones or macrocyclic polyethers, at 70.degree. to 200.degree. C, in the presence of organic polyhalogen compounds selected from compounds having dihalogenomethyl group, dihalogenomethylene group, or trihalogenomethyl group and tetrahalogenomethane, in an amount in the range of from 1 to 20 weight percent based on the weight of said organic halogen compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polyester film material. Adherent to the polyester base the film material comprises a copolymer ofA. vinylidene chloride,B. alkyl acrylate, alkyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate and/or acrylonitrileC. a copolymerizable acid andD. a halogenoacetic acid allyl- or vinyl ester or a halogenomethyl vinyl ketone.The copolymer forms a subbing layer suitable for anchoring silver halide emulsion layers on the poly-ester film base.

Abstract: Sulfur vulcanizable elastomers comprise interpolymers of a major proportion of (a) one or more olefinic or haloolefinic hydrocarbons; (b) one or more esters of acrylic acid in which the acyclic or alicyclic radical moiety of the ester is free of olefinic unsaturation; and (c) a minor proportion, of about 0.10 to 10 mol percent of the total monomers present in the interpolymer, of an acyclic conjugated diolefin, prepared with a catalyst system comprising a Lewis acid, a vanadium compound and a source of free-radicals such as an organic peroxide. The polymer chain consists of segments of alternating olefin and acrylic ester monomer units of variable length interconnected by randomly distributed diolefin units and the sum of the olefin and diolefin monomers in moles is substantially equal to the sum of the acrylic esters in moles present in the interpolymer.

Abstract: (2-oxo-3-butenyl)dimethylamine monomers which may be used in the preparation of high molecular weight water-soluble cationic polymers which may be used as flocculants, drainage and retention aids, or conductive polymers.

Abstract: A reinforcing composition for mineral structures which comprises as reactive ingredients one or more radical-polymerizable or copolymerizable monomer and a bisulfite ion-supplying substance. The use of the reinforcing composition facilitates reinforcement of natural or artificial mineral structures and products.

Abstract: Allyl halides are polymerized by a catalyst, silicic or silicoformic acids, to produce poly(allyl halide) polymer and poly(allyl alcohol) polymer.

Abstract: An effective amount of a vinylbenzyltrialkylammonium salt, prepared from a vinylbenzyl halide and a tertiary amine, is polymerized with various other monomers to afford stable latex polymers which have the latex stabilizing surfactant incorporated into the polymer backbone. The use of a vinylbenzyltrialkylammonium salt lessens or avoids the usual problems associated with the conventional anionic, nonionic or cationic emulsifiers employed in aqueous polymerizations; that is, the latex stabilizing surfactant incorporated into the polymer backbone is the sole emulsifier employed. The copolymers prepared with the quaternary ammonium compounds are useful as sizing agents, as extender/binders for cationic water repellents; in addition, the polymers are depositable on pulp without requiring any deposition aids or defoamers.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for forming modified polymers of: (1) a bis(hydrocarbyl) vinylphosphonate; (2) optionally, a crosslinking monomer containing two or more ethylenically unsaturated bonds; and (3) optionally, one or more comonomers which contain one ethylenically unsaturated bond. The products formed by this process which contain any of the above mentioned monomers are substantially free of unreacted residual bis(hydrocarbyl) vinylphosphonate. The process comprises the post-addition of a monoethylenically unsaturated monomer, the monomer being selected from the group consisting of the vinyl and vinylidene chlorides and bromides and the C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 dialkyl esters of maleic and fumaric acids, to the polymerization medium containing the vinylphosphonate and any optional monomers after the percent conversion of monomers in the polymerization medium has exceeded about 40%.

Abstract: An alternating copolymer of an olefinic unsaturated compound and a conjugated vinyl compound is produced by contacting said monomers with at least one organoboron halide or/and a mixture of at least one organo-compound of metal from Groups IIb, IIIb and IVb of the Mendeleev Periodic Table and at least one halogeno-compound of metal from Groups IIIb and IVb of the Mendeleev Periodic Table. A typical catalyst is ethylboron dichloride or a combination of triethylaluminum and tin tetrachloride.

Abstract: Liquid mixtures of symmetrical and asymmetrical azonitriles are provided which have a maximum freezing point of 25.degree. C. including mixtures of:A. 2,2'-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2-methylhexanonitrile) and 2-[(1-cyano-1-methylpropyl)azo]-2-methylhexanonitrile;B. 2,2-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2-methylheptanonitrile) and 2-[(1-cyano-1-methylpropyl)azo]-2-methyl-heptanonitrile;C. 2,2'-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2-ethylhexanonitrile) and 2-[(1-cyano-1-methylpropyl)azo]-2-ethylhexanonitrile;D. 2,2'-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2-ethylheptanonitrile) and 2-[(1-cyano-1-methylpropyl)azo]-2-ethylheptanonitrile;E. 2,2'-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2-methyloctanonitrile) and 2-[(1-cyano-1-methylpropyl)azo]-2-methyloctanonitrile;F. 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpentanonitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2-ethylhexanonitrile) and 2-[(1-cyano-1-methylbutyl)azo]-2-ethylhexanonitrile;G.

Abstract: Polyazo compounds containing at least one alkyl or aryl thia or oxa group alpha to at least one of the azo groups in the connecting chain between the azo groups, such as 4-t-butylazo-4-methyl-3-thiapentyl 4-t-butylazo-4-cyanovalerate, which are useful for the sequential generation of free radicals, especially in the preparation of block and graft copolymers.

Abstract: Polymeric compositions comprising the product of the addition polymerization of N-vinylcarbazole and at least one member selected from the group consisting of N-vinylphthalimide and the isostructural modifications thereof. Many of the above polymeric products are photoconductive and, thus, are suitable for use in electrophotography.

Abstract: Addition to unvulcanized chloroprene polymer of 0.5-5 parts by weight of certain triarylphosphines per 100 parts of polymer improves the processing safety of unvulcanized stocks of polymer prepared in the absence of elemental sulfur and reduces the compression set of vulcanizates. In chloroprene-sulfur copolymers, the addition of triarylphosphines results in improved flex resistance.

Abstract: Expandable synthetic resinous bodies which are capable of being expanded to thermal collapse-resistant foams are prepared by impregnating a thermoplastic synthetic resinous body with a blowing or expanding agent and a cross-linking agent. Such impregnation can readily be carried out without the aid of an aqueous suspension.

Abstract: Organic polymers are crosslinked with polyfunctional chloronitroso containing compounds.

Abstract: A thermally-staged process for preparing polymers, particularly alternating interpolymers of one or more polar monomers and one or more mono or polyolefins which comprises: (1) reacting, in a first stage, a polar monomer-Lewis Acid complex with an olefin in the presence of an active oxygen compound at a temperature of about -100.degree.C to about 0.degree.C for a time sufficient enough to allow for conversion of up to 50% of the polar monomer to interpolymer; (2) raising the temperature of the reaction mixture, in a second stage, to about 0.degree. to about 100.degree.C; (3) maintaining the reaction mixture at about 0.degree. to about 100.degree.C for a time sufficient to optimize the yield of interpolymer; and (4) recovering the interpolymer from the reaction mixture.Polymers prepared by the temperature-staged process of this invention possess substantially higher molecular weights than the same polymers made by prior art processes.

Abstract: A method of polymerizing imide type norbornene derivatives which comprises the ring-opening polymerization of imide type norbornene derivatives containing at least one N-substituted cyclic imide group or a mixture consisting of said norbornene derivatives as the main component and cycloolefins in the presence of a catalytic system comprising organic aluminum compounds and tungsten and/or molybdenum compounds.

Abstract: A process for preparing a thermoplastic resin containing polar groups and unsaturated bonds which comprises reacting (A) five-membered cyclic compounds containing unsaturated conjugate double bonds, (B) unsaturated carboxylic acids or the anhydrides thereof and (C) monohydric saturated or unsaturated alcohols in a specified molar ratio.

Abstract: A method of polymerising a composition comprising an allyl amine salt of a strong acid said allyl amine containing two or more allyl groups which method comprises reacting said composition in the presence of a free radical initiator which yields only uncharged fragments and at a temperature between -20 and 80.degree.C and at a pH between 0 and 5 in the absence of oxygen.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of guanidinium salts of aliphatic mercaptosulphonic acids by reacting S-isothiuronium betains with gaseous ammonia in an inert organic solvent.

Abstract: This invention relates to xanthogen disulphides of the formula ##EQU1## in which R is the same or different and denotes the following groups: ##EQU2## wherein X = H, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl or halogenn = 1 to 20,A process for preparing them, a process for polymerising dienes and monoethylenically unsaturated copolymerizable monomers in the presence of these particular xanthogen disulphides and to vulcanisable rubber mixtures consisting of an uncross-linked benzene soluble chloroprene homopolymer or copolymer which is prepared in the presence of said xanthogen disulphides.

Abstract: In the production of a petroleum resin an unsaturated hydrocarbon feedstock is continuously polymerised by means of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst in a plurality of alternating polymerisation and cooling zones in which catalyst is added to each polymerisation zone.