Abstract: Poly(4,5,9,10-tetrahydropyrene-2,7-diyl) derivatives of the formula (I) ##STR1## where the symbols R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 have the following meanings: R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 are identically or variously H, a straight-chain or branched alkyl chain containing 1 to 22 carbon atoms, it being possible for one or more nonadjacent CH.sub.2 groups also to be replaced by --O--, --COO--, --OOC-- and/or phenylene, aryl or aryloxy groups, it being possible for the aromatic to be substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.22 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.22 -alkoxy, Br, Cl, F, CN, and/or NO.sub.2, Br, Cl, F, CN, NO.sub.2, or carboalkoxy containing 2 to 23 carbon atoms;n is 10 to 150,are suitable as electroluminescence materials.

Abstract: A particulate adsorbent is the crosslinked polymerization product of a brominated vinyl aromatic monomer and a crosslinking monomer and exhibits a density greater than or equal to about 1.01 grams per cubic centimeter and a surface area greater than or equal to about 10 square meters per gram.

Abstract: A process for forming dielectric particles includes admixing a vinyl halide monomer and a crosslinker in a liquid dispersion medium to form a first mixture. A second mixture of an initiator and a stabilizer is prepared and added to the first mixture to form a third mixture in which the monomer polymerizes to form white crystalline polymer particles which are sonified for uniformity. The particles may be stained by exposure to a dehydrohalegenation reagent and dispersed in an electrophoretic fluid for use in an electrophoretic display.

Abstract: A copolymer with an acid value less than one contains alternating units of a vinyl monomer and a diester of a dicarboxylic acid wherein at least one of the esterifying groups contains a polyether group. The copolymer is particularly useful in preparing pigment dispersions for coating compositions. Such compositions exhibit properties including reduced pigment settling and improved metallic flake orientation, flow and leveling.

Abstract: A process for forming dielectric particles includes admixing a vinyl halide monomer and a crosslinker in a liquid dispersion medium to form a first mixture. A second mixture of an initiator and a stabilizer is prepared and added to the first mixture to form a third mixture in which the monomer polymerizes to form white crystalline polymer particles which are sonified for uniformity. The particles may be stained by exposure to a dehydrohalegenation reagent and dispersed in an electrophoretic fluid for use in an electrophoretic display.

Abstract: High refractive index copolymers comprised of monomers having the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is H or CH.sub.3 ;m is 0-10;Y is nothing, O, S, or NR wherein R is H, CH.sub.3, C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 (n=1-10) iso OC.sub.3 H.sub.7, C.sub.6 H.sub.5, or CH.sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 ;Ar is an aromatic ring which is unsubstituted or substituted with H, CH.sub.3, C.sub.2 H.sub.5, n-C.sub.3 H.sub.7, iso-C.sub.3 H.sub.7, OCH.sub.3, C.sub.6 H.sub.11, Cl, Br, C.sub.6 H.sub.5 or CH.sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 ; and n is 1-5; anda cross linking monomer having a plurality of polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated groups are disclosed. Intraocular lenses made of the copolymers which can be inserted into an aphakic eye through a relatively small incision are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the production of polymers by free radical polymerization, characterized in that there is added to the polymerization system one or more compounds of the general formula (A). ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a group capable activating the vinylic carbon towards free radical addition;Y is OR.sup.2 or CH.sub.2 X(R.sup.2).sub.nwhere R.sup.2 is an optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, or optionally substituted saturated, unsaturated or aromatic, aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;X is an element other than carbon selected from Groups IV, V, VI or VII of the Periodic Table or a group consisting of an element selected from Groups IV, V, or VI to which is attached one or more oxygen atoms; andn is a number from 0 to 3, such that the valency of the group X is satisfied and, when n is greater than 1, the groups represented by R.sup.2 may be identical or different.

Abstract: A process for the solventless polymerization of brominated styrenes includes blending monomers of brominated styrenes with a polymerization initiator, feeding the monomer/polymerization initiator mix into a prepolymerizer wherein the monomers begin to polymerize, and feeding the monomer/polymerization initiator mix and the partially polymerized bromostyrene into a screw-type extruder to drive the polymerization to a high degree of completion in a short period of time. Optionally, the monomers may be preheated before mixing with the initiator, or a heater may be included in the prepolymerizer.

Abstract: A process for forming dielectric particles includes admixing a vinyl halide monomer and a crosslinker in a liquid dispersion medium to form a first mixture. A second mixture of an initiator and a stabilizer is prepared and added to the first mixture to form a third mixture in which the monomer polymerizes to form white crystalline polymer particles which are sonified for uniformity. The particles may be stained by exposure to a dehydrohalegenation reagent and dispersed in an electrophoretic fluid for use in an electrophoretic display.

Abstract: A halogenated polymer analogous to halogenated butyl rubber is prepared by a process wherein a monomer charge comprising isobutylene, and a conjugated diolefin having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 which may be the same or different are a methyl group or a hydrogen atom and X is bromine or chlorine together with a initiator having the formula ##STR2## wherein each R.sub.4 may be the same or different is a alkyl, aryl or aralkyl group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms and n is a positive whole number are introduced into a suitable reaction vessel in a specified ratio at a temperature of from about -90.degree. to -10.degree.C., a solution of a Lewis acid is added and the monomers are copolymerized at said temperature to form said halogenated polymer, and the halogenated polymer is recovered from solution.

Abstract: A process for preparing a polymer or copolymer from polymerizable monomers by suspension polymerization whereby foam formation during the removal of residual monomers is inhibited, which process comprises adding at least one salt of an inorganic acid having an anionic valency of at least 2 to the polymer slurry prior to the removal of the residual monomer.

Abstract: A process for the solventless polymerization of brominated styrenes includes blending monomers of brominated styrenes with a polymerization initiator, feeding the monomer/polymerization initiator mix into a prepolymerizer wherein the monomers begin to polymerize, and feeding the monomer/polymerization initiator mix and the partially polymerized bromostyrene into a screw-type extruder to drive the polymerization to a high degree of completion in a short period of time. Optionally, the monomers may be preheated before mixing with the initiator, or a heater may be included in the prepolymerizer.

Abstract: Improved flame retardant latex coatings are disclosed which comprise copolymers of ring-halogenated aromatic monomer units and alkyl acrylate/methacrylate monomer units, and which may additionally include at least one other monomer. In a first embodiment, the coatings include ring-brominated aromatic monomer units and alkyl acrylate and/or alkyl methacrylate monomer units. In a second embodiment, the coatings include these first two types of monomer units and further include third monomer units from unsaturated esters of saturated carboxylic acids, halogen-free aromatic monomers or unsaturated carboxylic or dicarboxylic acid monomers. In a third embodiment, the coatings include four monomer units, namely ring-brominated aromatic monomer units, alkyl acrylate/methacrylate monomer units, halogen-free aromatic monomer units and unsaturated carboxylic or dicarboxylic acid monomer units.

Abstract: A flame-retardant resin composition contains a prepolymer represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 stands for a hydrogen atom or an unreactive saturated group; R.sub.2 stands for a reactive unsaturated group; m and n each stand for a positive number of 1 to 4 and X and Y are each a copolymerization ratio and are in the range of 0.3 to 0.7 with the proviso that the sum total of X and Y is 1,as an essential component.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high surface hardness transparent resin having excellent scratch resistance, heat resistance and chemical resistance, a glazing material, a protective cover for display devices, an optical lens and a hard coat material comprising the aforesaid resin, and a novel polymerizable monomer which is useful as a raw material of the above-mentioned resin.The monomer is represented by the formula (I) ##STR1## (wherein R is an aliphatic residue having or not having an halogen atom, an oxygen atom, an alicyclic ring, a heterocyclic ring or an aromatic ring, an alicyclic residue, or a heterocyclic residue, n is an integer of 1 to 4, when n=1, X is oxygen or sulfur, when n.gtoreq.2, X's are all oxygen or all sulfur, one X is oxygen while the other X or X's are sulfur, one X is sulfur while the other X or X's are oxygen, or two X's are oxygen while the other X's are sulfur).

Abstract: A polymer of vinyl-biphenyl derivative comprising recurring units of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is Cl or Br; a is an integer of 0-4; Y is --CH.sub.3, --OH, --OR, --SR, --SOR, --SO.sub.2 R, --SeR, --SeOR, --SeO.sub.2 R, --TeR, --TeOR, or --TeO.sub.2 R, wherein R is alkyl capable of having a substituent, aryl capable of having a substituent, or ##STR2## and Z is --CH.sub.2 --, --C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --, --O--, --S--, --SO--, --SeO.sub.2 --, --Te--, --TeO--, or --TeO.sub.2 --; b and c are integers giving the sum of 1 to 5, and c is 1 or more. The polymer has a high refractive index and an excellent transparency. Further, the polymer can have a variable refractive index at a constant Abbe's number.

Abstract: A transparent material of very good heat resistance and very good light conductivity is essentially composed of a polymer derived mainly from bromophenyl acrylates or bromophenyl methacrylates.

Abstract: Vinylene copolymers composed of recurrent structural units of formula I ##STR1## wherein Ar denotes an aromatic or heterocyclic group, R denotes an inert substituent and n stands for an integer with a value from 0-8 and processes for their preparation.

Abstract: Water soluble terpolymers based on (1) an acrylamide or acrylamide derivative, (2) a cationic vinyl monomer and (3) a hydrophilic vinyl monomer of the formula CH.sub.2 C(R)C(O)O(CH.sub.2 (CH.sub.2).sub.m O).sub.n E where R and E are each hydrogen or alkyl, m is an integer from 1 to 3 and n is an integer from 1 to 25 are useful flocculants.

Abstract: In a preferred embodiment this invention provides a second order nonlinear optical film medium which consists of a thermoplastic copolymer which has a crystallographic molecular alignment, and a net dipolar molecular orientation normal to the film plane. The crystallographic molecular alignment is formed by axial mechanical stressing, and the dipolar molecular orientation is induced by an electric or magnetic field.

Abstract: A novel mildew resistant polymerizable compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is --O-- or --S--; and Y is a residue of a known mildew proofing compound, preferably, a residue of a compound selected from the group consisting of phenol substituted with 1 to 5 halogen atoms, p-chloro-m-cresol, o-phenylphenol, p-chloro-m-xylenol, salicylanilide, 8-hydroxyquinoline, 2-(4'-thiazolyl)benzimidazole, 2,5-dibromo-4-methylaniline, 1,2-benzoisothiazolin-3-one and 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide. A polymer of the compound [I] and a polyurethane composition containing the polymer are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for producing brominated acenaphthylene condensates of the formula: ##STR1## wherein x is 1 or 2, y is an integer from 1 to 6 and n is 1 or more, from elementary units of the following formulas: ##STR2## wherein y is as defined above, comprising, (A) brominating the side chain of the acenaphthene with 0.2 to 2.0 times as many moles of bromine as acenaphthene, said bromination initiated by ultraviolet radiation or by a radical initiator in a halogenated hydrocarbon solvent, (B) adding a Lewis acid catalyst to the reaction solution of step (A) to promote the condensation of the brominated acenaphthene product of step (A), (C) adding to the reaction solution of step (B) an equimolar or more amount of bromine relative to the amount of acenaphthene starting material, to further brominate and condense the brominated acenaphthene and/or brominated acenaphthene condensates; and (D) dehydrobrominating the brominated acenaphthene condensates.

Abstract: According to the invention, there are provided an optical resin and a process for preparing such a resin. The optical resin is obtained by polymerizing a feed monomer comprising at least a diester of dicarboxylic acid represented by the general formula (1) of: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represent the same or different groups and stand for an alkyl or alkenyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms or an ester residue having at least one aromatic ring.

Abstract: Radiation-sensitive interpolymers comprising 10-90 mole % of a polymerized maleimide monomer are useful as resists having high sensitivity to E-beams or X-rays.

Abstract: A self-crosslinking polymer consisting essentially of at least 1 mole % of a halohydrin monomer, at least 1 mole % of a tertiary or secondary amine salt monomer, and 0-98 mole % of a vinyl polymerizable monomer other than the halohydrin or amine salt monomers crosslinks, in the presence of a base, at a lower temperature than a polymer without the tertiary or secondary amine salt monomer. Typical polymers contain 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl acrylate or methacrylate; diallylamine hydrochloride, N-isopropyl methacrylamide hydrogen sulfate, dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide, or dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride or acetate; and optionally other monomers such as a vinyl ester, an acrylate, or a dialkyl diallyl ammonium chloride. When the polymers contain a conductive cationic monomer such as dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, they are useful as electroconductive coatings for paper substrates.

Abstract: Homogeneous thermosetting copolymers comprising a mixture of styrene-terminated tetrakisphenols and compounds containing at least one pendant vinyl group as exemplified by styrene-terminated tetrakisphenol ethane and styrene-terminated bisphenol A will possess desirable characteristics such as low dielectric constants and high glass transition temperatures. These polymers may be utilized as a component in laminates or circuit boards which are employed in relatively complicated pieces of electronic equipment.

Abstract: A conductive film-forming composition for use in the manufacture of electrostatic recording paper is provided. This composition comprises a copolymer of a diallylammonium halide derivative with a N-vinylacetamide derivative as an essential component. The conductive paper manufactured by coating or impregnating a substrate paper with this composition is of remarkably high practical value in terms of electrical conductivity, hardness, surface tackiness and solvent resistance.

Abstract: This invention relates to polymeric additives useful for inhibition of the deposit of paraffins and improvement of the flow properties of crude oils and to compositions containing crude oils and such additives. The polymeric additive according to the invention consists of a polymer formed by units derived from one or more alkyl esters of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, one or more unsaturated alpha, beta-dicarboxylic compounds in the form of diacids, low alkyl diesters or anhydrides and one or more monomers having ethylenic unsaturation of the general formula CH.sub.2 .dbd.CZ.sub.1 Z.sub.2, in which Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 are the same or different and represent hydrogen, a halogen, a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic hydrocarbon group or an ester or ether group. Compounds containing a crude oil and 5 to 4000 ppm and preferably 100 to 1500 ppm of the additive have much improved flow properties.

Abstract: Novel persistent perfluorinated free radicals are disclosed, which upon thermal decomposition yield free radicals which can be used to polymerize polymerizable monomers containing ethylenic unsaturation.

Abstract: Brominated styrene-maleate copolymer containing at least 50 weight percent bromine and its use as a fire retardant.

Abstract: A plastic lens formed from a copolymer of three components. A first component which is a vinyl monomer having a nucleus-halogen-substituted aromatic ring. A second component which is selected from at least one member of the group consisting of aliphatic diacrylate, dimethacrylate, triacrylate, and trimethacrylate. A third component is chosen from mono-acrylate or mono-methacrylate having a nucleus-halogen substituted aromatic ring. The components are present in the weight ratio of 20/15/0 to 85/80/60 weight percent, respectively.

Abstract: A halogen-containing resin lens material, having a refractive index of n.sub.D =1.55 or higher, an Abbe number of 27 or higher and good dyeable property and comprising a copolymer containing 10 to 90 wt. % of a monomer (I) represented by the formula (I) shown below: ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.1 represents hydrogen or CH.sub.3 group; X.sup.1 a halogen atom except for fluorin; and p the number of substituted halogens which is an integer selected from 1 to 5, and n is an integer selected from 1 to 4, R.sup.1 existing in plural number and being either identical or different, X.sup.1 when existing in plural number being either identical or different and 10 to 70 wt. % of a crosslinking monomer having two or more polymerizable functional groups (the percentages being based on the copolymer weight).

Abstract: Polymerizable acrylic monomers, and anaerobic adhesives which contain such monomers, wherein the acrylic monomers contain internal chain unsaturation in addition to terminal acrylic unsaturation.

Abstract: A class of polyamides comprising recurring units having certain substituted-biphenylene or substituted-stilbene radicals is disclosed. The substituted radicals include substituents so as to confer a non-coplanar molecular configuration and a substantially cylindrical distribution of electron density about the long axis of the recurring units and the chain-extended polymers including such radicals.Molecularly oriented polymers of the invention exhibit optically uniaxial properties. The highly birefringent polymers are suited to application in optical filter and other devices where a refractive and birefringent material is desired.

Abstract: Homo- and copolymers of quaternary ammonium monomers are prepared directly in dry form by a process which comprises forming a solution of the monomer(s), solvent and a free-radical initiator and simultaneously polymerizing the monomers and drying the solution at a temperature above the boiling point of the solvent.

Abstract: An adhesive composition having improved properties for pressure sensitive adhesive applications has been developed comprising a latex of a polymer formed by polymerizing 40-10 percent vinyl or vinylidene monoaromatic monomer, 45-70 percent C.sub.4-6 cojugated diene, 1-5 percent unsaturated acid, and 5-30 percent C.sub.1-8 alkyl ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid. The adhesive preferably also contains a tackifier resin. The adhesive is useful on a number of applications including the manufacture of labels and tapes.

Abstract: A method for stopping and restarting the free-radical polymerization of vinyl monomers (e.g. acrylic monomers) without forming low molecular weight polymer is provided. These polymerizations utilize a Redox catalyst system comprising multivalent metal ions (e.g. iron ions) as promoter. The polymerizations are stopped by chelation of the iron present. Additional monomer is added to the polymerization to avoid formation of low molecular weight polymer. Upon restart metal ions are added to the polymerization mixture.

Abstract: A radiation sensitive polymer material having (a) one or more repeating units of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl group, a halogen atom, a hydrogen atom or a dimethylamino group, and (b) an addition polymerizable repeating unit derived from a compound having a CH.sub.2 .dbd.C< group in the molecule, can give a positive type resist having excellent resistance to dry etching and being highly sensitive to radiation.

Abstract: Watersoluble terpolymers based on three monomer units all of formula: ##STR1## (or possibly the 5-membered ring analogue) wherein the N-substituents are respectively (A) low-low e.g. dimethyl (B) low-medium e.g. methyloctyl and (C) low-higher e.g. methyllauryl or methylcetyl, in molecular size; B:C being usually 5:1 to 0.333:1 (perferably 2:1 to 1:1) in weight ratio, and species less than 10,000 or preferably 20,000 m.w. usually being removed, have surprisingly effective sterilizing activity e.g. against Candida while (a) not accumulating in soft contact lenses, whereby they can be used as an overnight nonirritant aqueous sterilant solution at concentrations below 0.1 weight percent e.g. 0.05 or less and (b) not penetrating skin or like membrane whereby aqueous formulations can be used as topical disinfectants without systemic side-effects.

Abstract: Discrete, crosslinked vinylidene chloride polymer microgels, having a latex particle size of less than 1 micron and a gel content of about 1 to 99 percent, such microgels being obtained by emulsion polymerizing (a) about 50 to about 95 parts by weight of vinylidene chloride, (b) about 5 to about 50 parts by weight of a copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated comonomer, and (c) about 0.1 to about 10 parts by weight of a copolymerizable crosslinking polyfunctional comonomer. Such microgels have been found to have wide applicability as additives for synthetic foams and fibers, and for the preparation of improved coatings, films, and redispersible latexes.

Abstract: Described is a rubber composition comprising dibromopolybutadiene and the reaction product between aliphatic polyamines and polycarboxylic acids or anhydrides. The compositions are preferably used as low temperature adhesives or sealers.

Abstract: Cross-linkable vinyl ester and/or vinyl halide copolymers containing hydroxyl groups consisting essentially of:(a) from 50% to 99% by weight of monomer units selected from the group consisting of vinyl esters of alkanoic acids having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, vinyl halides, and mixtures of said vinyl esters and vinyl halides,(b) from 0 to 40% by weight of mono-olefinically-unsaturated monomer units copolymerizable with vinyl esters and vinyl halide,(c) from 1% to 50% by weight of allyl ester monomer units of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl having from 1 to 16 carbon atoms, and R.sub.3 is alkylene having from 1 to 16 carbon atoms, with the proviso that the total number of carbon atoms in R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 is at least 2,where said copolymer has a K-value of between 10 and 100.

Abstract: Compositions useful as multi-purpose lubricant and functional fluid additives and as thickeners and antisag additives for resins, paints and the like are prepared by free radical polymerization of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the presence of an oil-soluble dispersant. The carboxylic dispersants are preferred, especially esters of hydrocarbon-substituted succinic acids wherein the substituent contains at least about 30 carbon atoms and the reaction products of such acids or their derivatives with amines, usually polyalkylene polyamines.

Abstract: Controlled release pesticide-polymer systems are prepared by the polymerization of vinyl monomers containing pendant pesticides. The vinyl monomers are prepared by reacting an acrylic acid derivative with a pesticide or a pesticide derivative having an active hydrogen. The pesticide-polymer systems prepared from the pesticide vinyl monomers release the active pesticide material by hydrolysis or chemical depolymerization under conditions of use.

Abstract: Biocompatible polymeric microspheres having an average diameter below about 3 microns and having a density at least 15% greater or lesser than organic cells and having covalent binding sites are provided in accordance with this invention. The microspheres are obtained by copolymerizing a hydroxy or amine substituted acrylic monomer such as hydroxyethylmethacrylate with a light or dense comonomer such as a fluoromonomer. A lectin or antibody is bound to the hydroxy or amine site of the bead to provide cell specificity. When added to a cell suspension the marked bead will specifically label the cell membrane by binding to specific receptor sites thereon. The labelled membrane can then be separated by density gradient centrifugation.

Abstract: In a process for the production of a low molecular weight polyanhydride having a softening point within the range of about 111.degree. to 156.degree. C. by the mass polymerization reaction of a maleic monomer and at least one alkyl-substituted styrene at a temperature in the range of about 140.degree. to 200.degree. C., the improvement comprising employing an alkali metal bifluoride, preferably potassium bifluoride, as catalyst for the reaction.

Abstract: A curable composition comprising a polybutadiene rubber having bromine bonded to at least one of its ends, and at least one amino acid selected from the group consisting of arginine, lysine, hydroxylysine and ornithine, and a curable composition comprising a polybutadiene having bromine bonded to at least one of its ends, a flowable epoxy resin, and at least one amino acid selected from the group consisting of arginene, lysine, hydroxylysine and arginine.

Abstract: 3-Halo-2-hydroxypropyl acrylates and methacrylates and 2-halo-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl acrylates and methacrylates are used as reactive solvent for an acrylic or methacrylic terminated polyether resin in radiation curable coating compositions.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula: ##STR1## WHEREIN: EACH X is chloro or bromoY is methyl or bromon is 0 or 1Each of R and R' is hydrogen or methyl.The compounds are produced by contacting an alkali salt of R'--(CH.dbd.C(R)--COOH with tetrahalogen xylene chloride or xylylene dichloride or pentabromobenzylchloride in a polar solvent. The compounds are useful as comonomers and as cross linking agents in polymerization of unsaturated compounds.

Abstract: Linear ionene polyquaternary cationic polymeric segments are bonded by means of the Menshutkin reaction (quaternization) to biocompatible, extremely small, porous particles containing halide or tertiary amine sites which are centers for attachment of the segments. The modified beads in the form of emulsions or suspensions offer a large, positively-charged surface area capable of irreversibly binding polyanions such as heparin, DNA, RNA or bile acids to remove them from solution or of reversibly binding monoanions such as penicillin, pesticides, sex attractants and the like for slow release from the suspension.