Abstract: Surface-treated superabsorbent polymer particles obtained by mixing 100 parts by weight of superabsorbent polymer particles with 0.001 to 10 parts by weight of a hydroxyalkylamide, and heating the surface-treated superabsorbent polymer particles to crosslink molecular chains existing at least in the vicinity of the surfaces of the superabsorbent polymer particles is disclosed. Surface crosslinking the superabsorbent polymer particles with a hydroxyalkylamide substantially increases both the rate of liquid absorption and the quantity of liquid absorbed and retained by the superabsorbent particles.

Abstract: Allylated amide compounds are formulated into curable compositions with a free radical curing agent, and optionally, one or more fillers, for use as adhesives in the manufacture of microelectronic devices.

Abstract: A free-radical polymerization process for making macromonomers having the structure: comprising contacting: (a) CH2═CHY; (b) optionally, CH2═CXB; and (c) free-radicals, produced from a free-radical source; in which B, U, X, Y, Z, m, n and p are defined in the text; macromonomer quality being controlled by adjusting one or more of the following variables: molar ratios of a, b and c; temperature; monomer concentration; and conversion.

Abstract: This invention relates to underfill encapsulant compositions prepared from allylated amide compounds to protect and reinforce the interconnections between an electronic component and a substrate in a microelectronic device.

Abstract: Underfill encapsulants are prepared from allylated amide compounds and a curing initiator.

Abstract: A curable composition for encapsulating an electronic component comprises one or more mono- or polyfunctional maleimide compounds, or one or more mono- or polyfunctional vinyl compounds other than maleimide compounds, or a combination of maleimide and vinyl compounds, with a free radical curing agent, and optionally, one or more fillers.

Abstract: A bioadhesive composition is disclosed which includes copolymer particles containing as polymerized units, terminally unsaturated acid-containing oligomers and ethylenically unsaturated nonionic monomers. A method of preparing the bioadhesive composition and a method of using the bioadhesive composition are also disclosed.

Abstract: Water-soluble polymers whose characteristic structural elements comprise units of the formulae I and/or II where R1 is H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl, R2 and R3 independently are as defined for R1 or are selected from substituted alkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, substituted aryl or substituted aralkyl, the substituents being selected from OH, O-alkyl, O-aryl, SH, S-alkyl, S-aryl, NH2, NH-alkyl, NH-aryl, N(alkyl)2, possibly in protinated form, N(Alkyl)3+3Z−, where Z is the radical of an inorganic or organic acid, COOH, COO-alkyl, CONH2, CONH-alkyl, CON(alkyl)2, CN and SO3H; and the indices x are each independently an integer from 1 to 20; and the acid addition salts of these polymers, (processes for whose preparation are also described), are used in cosmetic compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a radiation curable powder paint binder composition comprising a radiation curable compound being a mono or multi valent carboxylic ester of a &bgr;, &ggr;, &dgr;, or &egr;-hydroxyalkylamide group containing compound, in which the carboxylic ester is derived from an &agr;, &bgr;-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid.

Abstract: A rigid chain entanglement crosslinked polymer made by dispersing at lease one monomer and at least one initiator in an immiscible liquid medium to form a liquid dispersion; and decomposing the initiator in the fluid dispersion to activate polymerization and thereby produce a chain entanglement crosslinked polymer; and the polymer that can be utilized as proppants, as ball bearings, as lubriglide monolayers, and for drilling mud applications

Abstract: Surface-tested superabsorbent polymer particles obtained by mixing 100 parts by weight of superabsorbent polymer particles with 0.001 to 10 parts by weight of a hydroxyalkylamide, and heating the surface-treated superabsorbent polymer particles to crosslink molecular chains existing at least in the vicinity of the surfaces of the superabsorbent polymer particles is disclosed. Surface crosslinking the superabsorbent polymer particles with a hydroxyalkylamide substantially increases both the rate of liquid absorption and the quantity of liquid absorbed and retained by the superabsorbent particles.

Abstract: This invention relates to the separation of molecules on polymer gels, in particular to novel cross-linked polymer gels comprising the cross-linking moiety of for formula (1) and their preparation, the separation of molecules by techniques such as electrophoresis using these gels, novel cross-linking agents useful in the preparation of the gels, and novel intermediates useful in the synthesis of the cross-linking agents. The invention is especially suitable for electrophoretic applications.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing an amphoteric resin which comprises reacting (1) a copolymerizable basic prepolymer A2 which is obtained by reacting a prepolymer A1 being obtained by polymerization of an amino group-containing &agr;, &bgr;-ethylenically polymerizable compound, other &agr;, &bgr;-ethylenically polymerizable compound and a polymerization initiator containing a carboxyl group at an end, with a compound having an epoxy group represented by the following formula (I): (wherein R1 represents H or a methyl group, and R represents a straight or branched chain alkyl group of 1-10 carbon atoms) in an amount of 0.1-1.0 equivalent for the amino group equivalent of the prepolymer A1 and (2) an &agr;, &bgr;-ethylenically polymerizable acidic prepolymer B2 which is obtained by carrying out the reaction in the same manner as above with (3) other &agr;, &bgr;-ethylenically polymerizable compound C.

Abstract: A cross-linkage polymeric casting composition including an effective amount of a divinyl ester monomer of a bicyclic or polycyclic compound, and optionally, a minor amount of a di- or polythio compound. The specification and claims include allylic ethers withing the definition of divinyl ester, for example bisphenol fluorene diglycidyl allylic ether and bisphenol S diallyl ether.

Abstract: Water-soluble, branched, high molecular weight, cationic and non-ionic polymeric flocculants capable of manifesting their full performance potential without shearing are produced by polymerizing ethylenically unsaturated cationic and non-ionic monomers and a branching agent in the presence of a chain-transfer agent. They are useful as flocculating agents for releasing water from dispersions of suspended solids.

Abstract: Water-soluble, high molecular weight, polymeric, microparticles with a high degree of branching are disclosed. A microemulsion polymerization process for preparing the microparticles is also disclosed. The microparticles give excellent results in a number of solid-liquid separation processes.

Abstract: A process for producing water-absorbent resins having an average particle diameter of 100 to 600 .mu.m and a particle diameter distribution of 0.35 or less by polymerizing an aqueous solution of a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer, pulverizing and sieving the polymer so obtained, and crosslinking the surface of the polymer powder.

Abstract: Pressure sensitive adhesive compositions for use in transdermal drug delivery systems comprising an adhesive composition which is tolerant to plasticization by cutaneous penetration enhancers contained in the transdermal drug formulation are disclosed. Specifically, the pressure sensitive adhesive composition of the present invention comprises an acrylic copolymer prepared from (i) at least 40% by weight of th total monomer composition of alkyl acrylate monomers with a Tg of -90 to 0.degree. C., (ii) 0-15% by weight of the total monomer composition of monomers with a Tg of 0 to 250.degree. C., and (iii) 10-60% by weight of the total monomer composition of substituted acrylamides or methacrylamides having the structural formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is H or CH.sub.3,R.sub.2 is H or CH.sub.3, andR.sub.3 is (a) CH.sub.3,(b) C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --CH.sub.3 where n is 0 through 17, or(c) substituents of the formula: ##STR2## where m is 0 through 10, and optionally(iv) at least 0.

Abstract: An amphipathic compound represented by any of the following Formulas: ##STR1## (R.sub.1 is a linear or branched, saturated hydrocarbon group having 6 to 48 carbon atoms, or a linear or branched, unsaturated hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 12 unsaturated double bond and having 6 to 48 carbon atoms; Y is NH, N--(CH.sub.2 --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2), or O; Q is --CH.sub.2 --C(R.sub.2).dbd.CH.sub.2 or --R.sub.4 --O--CO--C(R.sub.2).dbd.CH.sub.2 ; and M is alkali metal, an ammonium group, or --(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.m H), a copolymer of the amphipatic compound with a copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated compound and, a paper making additive containing a water soluble or dispersible high molecular compound as an active ingredient and processes for producing these high molecular compounds.

Abstract: An ethylene base polymer and a preparation method of an ethylene base polymer characterized in use of a catalyst comprising a chromium amide compound, a solid inroganic oxide calcined at 100 to 500.degree. C. and alumoxane. According to the present invention, an ethylene base polymer with a wide molecular weight distribution, excellent shock and environmental stress cracking resistances, causing no melt fracture, and suitable for film forming and blow molding can be effectively prepared.

Abstract: Unsheared, water-soluble, branched, high molecular weight, anionic, polymeric flocculants are produced by polymerizing ethylenically unsaturated anionic, and optionally non-ionic, monomers and a branching agent in the presence of a chain-transfer agent. They are useful as flocculating agents for releasing water from dispersions of suspended solids.

Abstract: Thermoreversible hydrogels comprising non-ionic, uncrosslinked copolymers, and methods of their use in electrophoresis, are provided. The subject copolymers comprise polyacrylamide backbones, where a portion of the acrylamide monomeric units comprise hydrogen bonding groups as N-substituents. Combination of the subject copolymers with an aqueous phase provides thermoreversible hydrogels which find use as separation media in electrophoretic applications.

Abstract: The invention relates to chiral polymers which are bonded to a support and have improved properties, a process for the preparation of these materials and their use as chiral stationary phases in the chromatograhic separation of optical isomers, in particular of racemates into their enantiomers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to superabsorbent cross-linked polymers for watery liquids, which are built-up of partially neutralized monomers having monoethylenlcally unsaturated acid groups, optionally further monomers copolymerizable therewith, as well as polymers optionally suitable as graft basis, and which can be manufactured by using a cross-linker/monomer combination ofCH.sub.2 .dbd.CHR.sup.6 --CO--(OCHR.sup.3 --CHR.sup.3).sub.z O--CH.sub.2 --CHR.sup.6 .dbd.CH.sub.2CH.sub.2 .dbd.CHR.sup.6 --R.sup.5 --(OCHR.sup.3 --CHR.sup.3).sub.v OR.sup.4R.sup.1 --?O(CHR.sup.3 --CHR.sup.3 O).sub.u --CO--R.sup.2 !.sub.x, and/or di- or triallylamine and/or bisacrylamidewithR.sup.1 : multivalent C2-10-alkyl,R.sup.2 : linear or branched C2-10-alkenyl,R.sup.3 : H, CH.sub.3, C.sub.2 H.sub.5,R.sup.4 : H, linear or branched C1-10-alkyl,R.sup.6 : CO, CH.sub.2R.sup.8 : H, CH.sub.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of finely divided polymer powders by polymerizing water-soluble monomers in the aqueous phase of a water-in-oil emulsion in the presence of water-in-oil emulsifiers and polymerization initiators, removing the water from the resultant water-in-oil polymer suspension by azeotropic distillation, and isolating the suspended, finely divided polymer powder, either the polymerization of the water-soluble monomers being carried out in the presence of from 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on the monomers employed in the polymerization, of protective colloids, or the protective colloids being added to the water-in-oil polymer suspension after the polymerization is complete. The polymerization is preferably carried out in the presence of surfactant. The finely divided pulverulent polymers are used as flocculants or thickeners for aqueous systems.

Abstract: A soft contact lens which comprises a water-swollen gel of a polymer prepared by polymerizing one or more hydrophilic monomers such as 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, one or more cross-linking monomers, a monomer that contains metal-chelating functionality such as an aminopolycarboxylic acid that contains a polymerizable olefinic group, and an effective amount of iron to absorb UV light and/or an effective amount of copper to cause the lens to be tinted.

Abstract: A film-forming resin which is a copolymer comprising (a) 30-80 mol % of a (meth)acrylamide monomer represented by the formula (1) wherein R.sup.1 represents CH.sub.3 or the like, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each represents H or a C.sub.4 -C.sub.12 alkyl group; (b) 2-50 mol % of a (meth)acrylamide monomer represented by the formula (2) wherein R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 each represents H or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl group; (c) 0.0001-50 mol % of a (meth)acrylate monomer or (meth)acrylamide monomer represented by the formula (3) wherein R.sup.6 represents C.sub.2 -C.sub.3 alkylene group, R.sup.7,R.sup.8 and R.sup.10 each represents CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.5, R.sup.9 represents an alkyl or phenyl group, a stands for 0 or 1 and b stands for 0 or 1, (d) 0-40 mol % of a (meth) acrylate monomer represented by the formula (4) wherein R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 each represents a C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkylene group, R.sup.13 represents H, CH.sub.2 or C.sub.6 H.sub.5 and d and e stands for an integer of 0-50; and (e) 0-20.

Abstract: A polymer comprising repeating units of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 , R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are, independently of one another, hydrogen atoms or alkyl groups,X is CO or SO.sub.2, andY and Z are, independently of one another, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclic radicals, or Y and Z are linked to one another and are constituents of a five-membered or six-membered hetero-cyclic ring.

Abstract: Novel acetylsalicylic acid derivatives having general formula (I) are provided, in which R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methyl; R.sup.2 is --O-- or --NH--; and W is hydroxy, halogen, lower alkoxy, lower alkenyloxy, lower alkynyloxy, cycloalkyloxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, acyloxy, or --N(R.sup.3)(R.sup.4) wherein the lower alkoxy, the lower alkenyloxy, the lower alkynyloxy, the cycloalkyloxy, the aryloxy, the aralkyloxy, and the acyloxy are optionally substituted with hydroxy, carboxyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, halogen, nitro, and amino. The invention also pertains to a polymer made from such derivatives and a medical equipment containing the polymer. The polymer is useful in the prevention of platelet aggregation thereon.

Abstract: A method for forming a polyamic acid having nonlinear optical (NLO) or pre-NLO side chains, which method includes the steps of:(1) providing a bis-(aromatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride) containing at least one NLO or pre-NLO side chain having the structure represented by:D-R-Awherein D, R and A form a delocalized resonance configuration in which R is a pi-conjugated non-centrosymmetric moiety, A is hydrogen or an electron withdrawing moiety and D is an electron donating moiety covalently linked to the bis-(aromatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride); and(2) reacting the bis-(aromatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride) with an aromatic diamine to form a polyamic acid having NLO or pre-NLO side chains. Methods for preparing polyamic acids having NLO or pre-NLO side chains by reacting aromatic diamines having NLO or pre-NLO side chains with bis-(aromatic dicarboxylic acid anhydrides) are also disclosed. Methods of forming the polyamic acids into polyimides having NLO side chains are also included.

Abstract: Thermoreversible hydrogels comprsing non-ionic, linear copolymers, and methods of their use in electrophoresis, are provided. The subject copolymers comprise polyacrylamide backbones, where a portion of the acrylamide monomeric units compose hydrogen bonding groups as N-substituents. Combination of the subject copolymers with an aqueous phase provides thermoreversible hydrodgels which find use as separation media in electrophoretic applications.

Abstract: A process of polymerizing a monomer capable of undergoing free radical polymerization, comprising contacting the monomer with a diradical initiator at a temperature sufficient to initiate free radical polymerization, wherein said diradical initiator contains sites of C--C unsaturation which cyclize to form a diradical.

Abstract: Urea and urethane-containing monomers for contact lens materials are disclosed.

Abstract: Separation media for electrophoresis, and methods of filling and flushing of electrophoretic devices such as capillaries are described. By preparing submicron to above-micron sized cross-linked gel particles and using gel swelling equilibrium concepts, such devices can be easily filled and flushed. Gel particles can be prepared by inverse suspension, precipitation and suspension polymerization. These particles can be swollen and collapsed by small changes in temperature, pH, and ionic strength of solvent. Other approaches involve the formation of reversible cross-links by use of polyelectrolyte complexes, chelating agents or copolymers of hydrophobic and hydrophilic repeat units. Finally, reversibly solubilized systems may be used to change the viscosity of the media.

Abstract: A process for producing a copolymer having succinimide units represented by general formula (I) is provided which comprises reaction of a copolymer constituted of 40-60 mole % of maleic anhydride units, 60-40 mole % of olefin units, and 0-20 mole % of another copolymerizable monomer units with an amine to convert the maleic anhydride units to the succinimide units, wherein the succinimide units are formed by ring-closing imidation in a slurry state in a poor solvent: ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl or cycloalkyl group of 1 to 6 carbons. The copolymer has low yellowness and high transparency.

Abstract: A water-soluble terpolymer for use as a dry strength additive for paper consists essentially of the following units: (a) (meth)acrylamide, (b) an ethylenically unsaturated, aliphatic carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, and (c) a water-soluble, polyvinyl monomer, wherein (c) comprises <0.07 mole % based on total monomers; a 1% solution of the terpolymer is capable of passing through a 200 mesh screen substantially without retention of polymer solids, and the terpolymer has a reduced specific viscosity of about 3.0 deciliters/g or less. The process for preparing the polymer includes the step of continuously adding both components of a redox initiator at a controlled rate to provide better control of polymerization and heat evolution.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dental cement, a process for its preparation and its use. The cement contains a polymerisable mono or polyfunctional carbonyl compound which corresponds to one of the following general formulae: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 may be an alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy or aryl group or a combination thereof,R.sup.2 may be an alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy or aryl group, a combination thereof or hydrogen,R.sup.3 may be an alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy or aryl group, a combination thereof or hydrogen, andX is either not present or may be O, NR, NH or S, where R may be an alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy or aryl group or a combination thereof, andat least one of the groups R.sup.1, R.sup.2 or R.sup.3 is also substituted by a group Y containing at least one polymerisable vinyl group, except for compounds containing naphthyl groups substituted with carboxylic acid anhydride functions.

Abstract: A soft contact lens which comprises a water-swollen gel of a polymer prepared by polymerizing one or more hydrophilic monomers such as 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, one or more cross-linking monomers, and a monomer that contains metal-chelating functionality such as an aminopolycarboxylic acid that contains a polymerizable olefinic group.

Abstract: The invention provides inherently tacky, polymeric, organic, solvent-insoluble, solvent dispersible, elastomeric, pressure sensitive adhesive microspheres having pendant hydrophilic polymeric or oligomeric moieties having a degree of polymerization greater than or equal to 2. The microspheres which are sterically stabilized can offer enhanced stability against coagulation caused by alkali, alkali salts, polyelectrolytes and repeated freeze/thaw cycles. The present invention also provides pressure-sensitive adhesives comprising these microspheres including aerosol spray PSAs, coated sheet materials prepared therefrom, and method of making the microspheres.

Abstract: Urea- and urethane-containing monomers for contact lens materials are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for producing a highly water absorptive polymer, including the step of polymerizing an acrylic monomer including as the main component acrylic acid and/or an alkali metal salt thereof in the presence of a salt of a metal selected from the,group consisting of Fe(II), Fe(III), Cu(II), Mn(II), VO(II), Co(II) and Ni(II).

Abstract: Novel photosensitive compositions based on azlactone derived polymers are described. The polymers have a hydroearbyl backbone and pendant peptide groups with free-radically polymerizable functionality attached thereto, said polymer further comprising at least one oxyacid group or salt thereof, and optionally quaternary ammonium salt groups. A high speed durable printing plate having a mild pH aqueous developability is disclosed which incorporates these polymers in combination with a photoinitiator. The polymers are also useful as proofing films in graphic arts applications.

Abstract: A novel formamide group-containing copolymer, or a salt thereof, which can be used as a high-molecular weight amino reagent, a starting material for functional high-molecular weight compounds, a starting material for adhesives, a polymer compatibilizer, a resin modifier, etc., and can undergo hydrolysis to give a copolymer containing a primary amino group, and a novel copolymer containing a primary amino group obtained by hydrolysis.

Abstract: Colonic-targeted oral drug dosage forms composed of a drug confined within a crosslinked hydrogel that exhibits pH-dependent swelling and is composed of an ionizable comonomer such as acrylic acid, a nonionizable comonomer such as an acrylamide, and a crosslinking agent that contains an aromatic azobond. Selective drug release in the colon occurs by a combination of pH-dependent swelling of the hydrogel and degradation of the hydrogel by enzymatic cleavage of the azobonds by azoreductases.

Abstract: A liquid absorption agent for water or organic solvents comprising, as a main component, a crosslinked N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide resin comprising the backbone chain of a homopolymer or copolymer comprising repeating units of the formula shown below crosslinked with a crosslinking agent: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 independently represent a hydrogen atom or methyl;X represents a group --COOY, wherein Y represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, or lower alkyl substituted with hydroxyl, dialkylamino or quaternary ammonium group; a group --CONHZ, wherein Z represents a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl substituted with a dialkylamino group, quaternary ammonium group, sulfonic acid or an alkali metal salt thereof; cyano, 2-ketopyrrolidinyl, lower alkoxy, lower acyl, lower acyloxy or lower alkyl substituted with sulfonic acid or an alkali metal salt thereof, with a proviso that when R.sup.

Abstract: Hydrogels presented in the form of pellets which are capable of regulating, without dissolving, any pH of an aqueous solution so as to convert it to a pH of 7. These pellets can be removed from the solution at any time without this modifying the pH, and once washed, can be used again. The velocity of buffering depends on the initial pH and can be controlled by modifying the mass and the composition of the pellets. They are obtained by copolymerization of a vinyl-heterocyclic comonomer and a divinyl comonomer in an aqueous solution at a temperature of close to 60.degree. C., in an inert atmosphere. By adjusting the proportion of crosslinking agent and the concentrations of comonomers, the crosslinking of the hydrogel is regulated in accordance with the intended use of the product.

Abstract: A process for producing a novel formamide group-containing copolymer, or a salt thereof, which can be used as a high-molecular weight amino reagent, a starting material for functional high-molecular weight compounds, a starting material for adhesives, a polymer compatibilizer, a resin modifier, etc.

Abstract: Preparation of soluble polyvinyl acetals having a low degree of crosslinking, which show improved melt viscosity characteristics, by acetalization of soluble polyvinyl alcohols having a low degree of crosslinking, which have been obtained by hydrolysis or alcoholysis of soluble copolymers having a low degree of crosslinking of vinyl esters and monomers having multiple ethylenic unsaturations, for example, glyoxal bisacrylamide. As against comparable non-crosslinked, soluble polyvinyl acetals, polyvinyl acetals having a low degree of crosslinking according to the present invention show increased intrinsic viscosities and surprisingly exhibit advantageous properties in thermoplastic forming, in particular when extruded in a plastified form. The polyvinyl acetals having a low degree of crosslinking furthermore have improved mechanical properties in comparison with non-crosslinked polyvinyl acetals and, in the form of plastified films, are particularly advantageously employed in the production of composite glass.

Abstract: Mannich (alk)acrylamide microparticles are produced at high solids contents without a significant increase in bulk viscosity by inverse microemulsion polymerization and provide superior dewatering characteristics.

Abstract: Mannich (alk)acrylamide microparticles are produced at high solids contents without a significant increase in bulk viscosity by inverse microemulsion polymerization and provide superior dewatering characteristics.