Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of suspension polymerization of a pressure-sensitive acrylate copolymer bead having a glass transition temperature of 0.degree. C. or less which are storage stable in addition to being extrudable at temperature below about 340.degree. F. (171.degree. C.). The method comprises making a monomer-containing premix comprising (i) about 70 to about 98 parts by weight of an acrylic acid ester monomer of non-tertiary alcohol, the alcohol having from 1 to 14 carbon atoms, with the average number of carbon atoms being about 4 to about 12, (ii) about 1 to about 10 parts of a polar monomer copolymerizable with the acrylic acid ester, and (iii) about 1 to about 40 parts vinyl acetate monomer, wherein (i), (ii), and (iii) comprise 100 parts of the monomer-containing premix, (iv) about 0.01 to about 0 5 part by weight chain transfer agent, and (v) about 0.05 to about 1.

Abstract: The process of producing a stable polymer dispersion by aqueous emulsion polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the presence of a stabilizer selected from a polyester or polyamide containing a sulfate or sulfonate group.

Abstract: What is provided herein is an improved hair spray resin composition including a terpolymer consisting essentially of a vinyl ester, preferably vinyl acetate, a water-insoluble or water-miscible alkyl maleate half-ester, preferably mono-N-butyl maleate and an N-substituted acrylamide, preferably N-t-butyl acrylamide, N-t-octyl acrylamide or N-[1-(2-pyrrolidonyl)ethyl]acrylamide, in the molar ratio of 1:0.6-0.8:0.08-0.12, respectively, and having a relative viscosity of about 1.2-2.0.

Abstract: Copolymers useful in amounts of from 0.1 to 15% by weight as grayness inhibiting and primary detergency boosting additives in pulverulent liquid detergents have K values of from 10 to 80 (determined by Fikentscher in dimethylformamide at 25.degree. C. with a polymer concentration of 2% by weight) and are obtainable by copolymerizing monomer mixtures of(a) from 10 to 60% by weight of water-soluble monomers obtainable from (A) water-soluble polyalkylene glycols or (B) water-soluble alkoxylated C.sub.1 -C.sub.25 -alcohols, for example by esterification with C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -carboxylic acids, by vinylation with acetylene or by allylation with alkenyl ethers, or by reaction with ammonia to give the corresponding end group aminated compounds (A) or (B) and by reaction with monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -carboxylic acids to form the amides, and(b) from 40 to 90% by weight of vinyl esters of saturated monocarboxylic acids and/or alkyl esters of monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.3 -C.sub.

Abstract: A method for producing a vinyl resin comprising the steps of dissolving or dispersing a polymerizable vinyl monomer in a polymerization solvent containing a silicone oil, and polymerizing the polymerizable vinyl monomer in the presence of a polymerization catalyst.

Abstract: What is described herein is solution polymerization in acetone solvent of a monomer mixture of maleic anhydride, vinyl acetate and isobornyl acrylate or methacrylate.

Abstract: Glycerol derivatives of general formula (I) ##STR1## in which R=allyl, methylallyl, acryloyl or methacryloyl, R.sub.1 =R.sub.2 =glyoxyloyl, R.sub.1, R.sub.2 =H, glyoxyloyl; their preparation process, their use as cross-linking agnets and cross-linking or cross-linkable compositions containing them. These compounds are useful as crosslinking agents for woven and non-woven fibrous mats and textiles.

Abstract: Cyclohexane derivatives containing carboxyl groups with the general structure of formula (I): ##STR1## alone or in mixtures with one another, in which the substituents on the cyclohexane ring are in the 1-, 2-, and 4-positions, Z is a --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -- group or a ##STR2## group, R is an alkyl group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and n is an integer of 1 to 3, are obtained by the hydrocarboxyalkylation of 1,2,4-trivinylcyclohexane and are useful as monomers for the formation of polymers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for depositing a temporary, selectively soluble protective coating onto a substrate and a process for using the same. The composition consists essentially of a copolymer consisting of 35 to 85 weight percent vinyl acetate and from 15 to 65 weight percent of a predefined monoalkyl maleate which is dispersed in a solvent/vehicle. The protective coatings deposited therefrom are substantially impervious to aqueous media having acidic or neutral pH and provide an effective barrier against damage to the substrate's surface. At the desired time, the protective coating can be removed from the substrate by dissolution in an aqueous alkaline solution.

Abstract: The use of ethylene glycol diacetate in place of methyl chloroform (1,1,1-trichloroethane) in conventional waterborne packaging and converting adhesives provides comparable adhesive products with reduced environmental and health related problems.

Abstract: A film easily soluble in cold water comprises a water-soluble copolymer composed of 6 to 40 mol % of an allyl ester moiety and 94 to 60 mol % of a vinyl ester moiety and having a degree of sponification of not less than 65 mol %. The film is easily soluble in cold water and such solubility in cold water is not lowered even if it comes into contact with either alkaline or acidic materials and it can suitably used as wrapping material for packages which are directly thrown into water together with packed materials.

Abstract: A copolymer based on vinyl acetate and an allyl glycidyl ether capped C.sub.12 -C.sub.30 aliphatic alcohol and their saponified products.

Abstract: Vinyl polymers, e.g., the homo- and copolyvinyl chlorides, are prepared in one or more stages, to a degree of conversion of at least 50%, by suspended emulsion polymerizing at least one vinyl monomer, e.g., vinyl chloride, said at least one monomer having dispersed therein finely divided droplets of an aqueous solution of at least one component of a polymerization initiating system, and wherein the amount of water in said aqueous solution constitutes at least 19%, and preferably at least 20% by weight of the at least one monomer.

Abstract: The invention relates to crosslinked polymers based on triazines of the general formula I ##STR1## wherein R denotes hydrogen, CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.5, andat least one vinylmonomer.The polymers are suitable as crosslinking agents for the preparation of duromers or elastomers.

Abstract: A film easily soluble in cold water includes a water-soluble copolymer composed of 2 to 40 mol % of an allyl ester moiety, 97.5 to 50 mol % of a vinyl ester moiety and 0.5 to 10 mol % of at least one member selected from the group consisting of unsaturated monocarboxylic acid, unsaturated dicarboxylic acid and anhydrides thereof, and the copolymer has a degree of saponification of not less than 65 mol %. The film is easily soluble in cold water and such solubility in cold water is not lowered even if the film comes into contact with either alkaline or acidic materials and it can suitably used as wrapping material for packages which are directly thrown into water together with packed materials. The copolymer may be used of such an allyl ester, vinyl ester and further one of unsaturated carboxylic acids.

Abstract: A hydrophobic crosslinked copolymer havng a pendant group selected from ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents at least one hydrophobic group having a hydrophobic fragmental constant of at least 1.5, which copolymer has a high crosslinking monomer units content, a specific surface area and a specific acetonitrile regain value. The hydrophobic crosslinked copolymer has a high rigidity as well as an excellent mechanical strength and an excellent chemical stability so that the copolymer is useful as a packing for liquid chromatography, particularly reversed phase partition chromatography. This hydrophobic crosslinked copolymer can be advantageously produced by a method in which a crosslinked copolymer having a side chain of small length is first produced, and then a substitution reaction to introduce a hydrophobic group of large length is effected with respect to the side chain of small length.

Abstract: Polyvinyl acetate/allyl alcohol copolymers uniformly dispersible in or miscible with polyether and polyester polyols and useful in preparing urethane foams.

Abstract: High molecular weight, gel-free ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers may be prepared by the process of solution polymerization if a particular relationship of temperature/pressure is observed.

Abstract: This invention presents two series of novel hair fixing compositions, the first comprising copolymers of acrylates, N-substituted acrylamides and acrylic acid; and the second comprising copolymers of vinyl acetate or propionate, vinyl esters of a .alpha.-branched carboxylic acids, and alkyl maleates. Such materials, when neutralized with NaOH, KOH, or mixtures of these bases with certain long chain amines, exhibit an enhanced tolerance of non-halogenated hydrocarbons and are particularly useful.

Abstract: A highly shrinkable acrylic filament yarn which exhibits a degree of shrinking of at least 20% in boiling water, a maximum heat shrinking stress of at least 0.15 g/d in a dry heating atmosphere, and a Young's modulus of at least 280 Kg/mm.sup.2 after free shrinking treatment in boiling water.

Abstract: A mixture of an isomer of 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) having a low melting point in an amount of about 70% by weight or more and an isomer of 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) having a high melting point in an amount of about 30% by weight or less shows excellent solvent solubility, which is higher than that of the isomer having a low melting point. The mixture is useful as a polymerization initiator, and also as a blowing agent.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the production of poly(vinyl alcohol) having a weight average molecular weight of at least about 0.4.times.10.sup.6 by polymerizing vinyl acetate at a temperature of from about 0.degree. C. to about 40.degree. C. in the presence of an azo free radical polymerization initiator essentially in the absence of ultraviolet radiation to form an essentially linear poly(vinyl acetate) having a weight average molecular weight of at least about 1.0.times.10.sup.6 and thereafter hydrolyzing the poly(vinyl acetate) to form the desired poly(vinyl alcohol).

Abstract: Novel, non-crosslinked copolymers of vinyl trifluoroacetate (VTA) and up to 5 weight percent of the VTA of certain comonomers, such as vinyl esters or disubstituted ethylene monomers, are disclosed. Solvoylsis of these copolymers provides novel water-insoluble, non-crosslinked, poly(vinyl alcohol) copolymers which can be hydrated to copolymers having controllably variable hydrogel properties and high strength. Such poly(vinyl alcohol) copolymers are particularly desirable as optical devices such as contact lenses.

Abstract: Process for the bulk polymerization of vinyl acetate with a diester are disclosed which are carried out in the absence of a solvent and including reacting the vinyl acetate and fumaric acid diester with a peroxide catalyst at specified molar ratios and up to reaction temperatures of from 255.degree. to 320.degree. F. to produce fumarate vinyl acetate copolymers having number average molecular weight below 50,000 for use as lubricating oil and fuel oil additives.

Abstract: Water-in-oil emulsions of monomers which form water-soluble polymers are polymerized in the presence of a biphase initiator system containing both an oil-soluble initiator and a water-soluble initiator or activator or alternatively a water-soluble initiator and an oil-soluble activator which results in polymers having improved performance characteristics. In addition, the system permits the satisfactory polymerization of monomers which could not have been reproducibly polymerized.

Abstract: Disclosed are aqueous dispersions having improved rheological and stability characteristics prepared by the emulsion polymerization of low protective colloid grafting potential monomers in the presence of a hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose. The resultant aqueous dispersions or latices are useful in the manufacture of latex paints, binders for nonwoven materials, water-based inks, paper coatings and water-borne adhesives, such as pressure-sensitive adhesives.

Abstract: Polymers having excellent adherence to film supports such as cellulose acetate are disclosed. The polymers comprise random recurring units having the structure--A).sub.w, --B).sub.x, --C).sub.y and --D).sub.zwherein;A represents polymerized vinyl acetate;B represents a polymerized acrylate or methacrylate monomer capable of copolymerization with vinyl acetate;C represents a polymerized monomer selected from the group consisting of methacrylic acid, itaconic acid and vinylbenzoic acid;D represents a polymerized cationically charged copolymerizable monomer;w represents from 20 to 85 weight percent;x represents from 5 to 65 weight percent;y represents from 5 to 50 weight percent and;z represents from 2 to 10 weight percent.

Abstract: Process for the synthesis of polymers with laterally linked polyoxyalkylene chains by the free radical polymerization of polyoxyalkylene ethers with olefinic double bonds with other vinyl compounds, capable of copolymerizing wherein the polyoxyalkylene ethers of allyl and/or methallyl alcohol are copolymerized in a known manner with vinyl esters of lower carboxylic acids or mixtures of vinyl esters of lower carboxylic acids with up to 50 mole percent of esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid. The compounds can be used to advantage as reaction components having hydroxyl groups in the production of polyurethanes. In particular, they improve the mechanical properties of polyurethane foams, such as, for example, their compression hardness.

Abstract: A permselective element for gas separation comprises a permselective layer composed of an organic polymer having -OCOC(CH.sub.3).sub.3 groups in its side chains. The permselective element is useful for the separation of oxygen/nitrogen.

Abstract: A method for stopping and restarting the free-radical polymerization of vinyl monomers (e.g. acrylic monomers) without forming low molecular weight polymer is provided. These polymerizations utilize a Redox catalyst system comprising multivalent metal ions (e.g. iron ions) as promoter. The polymerizations are stopped by chelation of the iron present. Additional monomer is added to the polymerization to avoid formation of low molecular weight polymer. Upon restart metal ions are added to the polymerization mixture.

Abstract: There are disclosed polymerizable alkyl poly(oxyalkylene) esters of an acrylate oligomer and copolymers thereof, especially stable, aqueous dispersions of water-insoluble emulsion copolymers of (1) about 10-70% by weight of methacrylic or acrylic acid, (2) about 0.5-25% by weight of an alkyl poly(oxyalkylene) ester of an acrylate oligomer, and (3) at least 25% by weight, to a total of 100%, of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl (meth)acrylate, and optionally, included in the total monomer mixture, a small amount of (4) about 0.5-1% by weight, of a polyethylenically unsaturated monomer. The copolymers, when neutralized and solubilized by addition of an alkali, are high efficiency thickeners for aqueous systems and have improved tolerance to ionic or electrolyte content. Typical systems that can be thickened are paint latices, cosmetic preparations, food preparations, ionic detergents, dye pastes for textiles, pharmaceuticals, and oil well drilling muds.

Abstract: In the manufacture of polymer suspensions, good spacetime yields, a narrow particle size distribution and good polymer properties are obtained in a relatively uncomplicated apparatus which includes a plurality of reactors having a length/diameter ratio of at least 4, the first reactor standing vertically and the others approximately horizontally. Plug flow of the polymerization mixture is maintained in the reaction zones provided by the reactors. In the first such zone, up to 10% of the polymerization is carried out, with agitation, preferably at a stirring energy per unit volume of 0.1 to 5 kWm.sup.-3. Wall encrustation is substantially prevented, particularly in the second reaction zone, through the use of smooth, non-metallic surfaces in the zone.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improvement for reducing the amount of wall fouling in the suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride. The improvement resides in wetting the reactor surface with a solution containing selenous acid prior to charging the vinyl chloride recipe to the reactor. Preferably, the surface of the resulting reactor is heated at a temperature of from 40.degree.-100.degree. C. prior to charging the recipe.

Abstract: A polymer capable of forming an anisotropic melt characterized in that the polymer chain includes residues of cross-linking reactants at a concentration sufficient to give a polymer with a melt viscosity of not greater than 10.sup.7 Nsec/m.sup.2 measured by capillary rheometry at a shear rate of 10.sup.4 N/m.sup.2. The polymers exhibit favorable shear dependent viscosity characteristics in that the viscosity is high under low shear conditions and is low under high shear conditions, as judged by the viscosity characteristics of polymers of the same composition but not containing the residues of cross-linking reactants.

Abstract: The polymerization of a monomer component that comprises vinyl chloride in an aqueous medium in the presence of a free radical generating polymerization initiator is terminated by introducing into the polymerization reaction mixture when from 70% to 95% of the monomer component has been polymerized from 0.01% to 0.10% by weight, based on the weight of the monomer component, of a chain-terminating agent that is an alkyl-substituted trisphenol, such as 1,1,3-tris(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert.butylphenyl)butane.

Abstract: An aqueous latex consisting essentially of an acid modified vinyl ester interpolymer and 0.8 parts by weight or less of a protective colloid per 100 parts by weight of interpolymer. The vinyl ester interpolymer comprises about 3 to about 7 weight percent of carboxylic acid groups supplied by an interpolymerized C.sub.4 -C.sub.10 vinylene monobasic carboxylic acid monomer. The aqueous latex is useful as an aqueous dielectric coating binder in the manufacture of electrographic recording materials.

Abstract: A process for producing a paste-blending vinyl chloride resin, which comprisesinitiating suspension polymerization of a vinyl chloride monomer or a mixture of it with a monomer copolymerizable therewith in an aqueous medium in the presence of a water-soluble protein as a suspending agent;adding a proteolytic enzyme to the polymerization system at any point in a time period running from the time when the polymerization conversion reaches 10% by weight to the time when the polymerization reaction is not yet complete; andthereafter continuing the suspension polymerization until the polymerization reaction is completed.

Abstract: Gem-diperoxyesters of the formula: ##STR1## where R is selected from methyl and ethyl; R.sub.1 is ethyl when R is ethyl; R.sub.1 is hydroxyalkyl of 1 to 7 carbon atoms when R is methyl; and each R.sub.2 is ##STR2## where each of R.sub.3, R.sub.4, and R.sub.5 is selected from hydrogen and alkyl, provided not more than one of R.sub.3, R.sub.4, and R.sub.5 is hydrogen, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, and R.sub.5 collectively containing from 2 to 12 carbon atoms.The compounds are particularly efficient at varying temperatures from ambient to 60.degree. C. for the initiation of the polymerization of vinyl chloride. They also have high efficiency in the curing of polyester resins and in the polymerization of other monomers and comonomers having ethylenic unsaturation.

Abstract: A method for determining the amount of copolymerized vinyl monomer in a acrylonitrile/vinyl monomer copolymer is provided. The method is based on the fact that increasing the vinyl monomer content of the copolymer reduces its melting point. The method consists of first determining the melting point of the copolymer while the copolymer is saturated with water. The presence of water reduces the melting point to a temperature below the range where thermal degradation of the copolymer occurs. The amount of copolymerized vinyl monomer in the copolymer can then be determined by comparing its melting point in the presence of water to that of corresponding copolymers in which the vinyl monomer content thereof is known and varies from copolymer to copolymer.

Abstract: In producing an aqueous latex the reactor pressure and free monomers content in the aqueous phase of the reactor are controlled. This control is achieved by selective addition of the monomers mixture to the reactor in response to pressure variation and the maintenance of a monomer unsaturated condition in the reactor.

Abstract: A method for drying a polymer latex comprising mixing with said latex a partially fugitive gas producing electrolyte and filtering said latex to recover the polymer.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for preparing vinyl dispersion resins by conducting the polymerization reaction of the vinyl monomer or monomers in an aqueous alkaline medium, using an oil-soluble polymerization initiator, at low temperatures, in the presence of an emulsifier and, optionally, at least one long straight chain alcohol containing from 14 to 24 carbon atoms, and in the presence of an electrolyte, such as for example, ammonium carbonate ((NH.sub.4).sub.2 CO.sub.3), and wherein the reaction ingredients are thoroughly mixed, or homogenized, prior to polymerization. The aqueous emulsion of the polymer(s) so produced are capable of being dried into friable aggregates of individual spheres of polymer particles. The dried resin can easily be formulated into plastisols of high North Fineness and high gloss. In addition, polymer buildup in the reactor is reduced.

Abstract: A heat shrinkable polyvinyl chloride film which shrinks more than 60% in one direction or more than 80% as an area shrinkage is prepared by stretching a film comprising 5 to 20 wt. parts of a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate type copolymer having a vinyl acetate content of 10 to 15 wt. % and an average polymerization degree of more than 700 and 100 wt. parts of polyvinyl chloride at a special high stretch ratio.

Abstract: Discrete, crosslinked vinylidene chloride polymer microgels, having a latex particle size of less than 1 micron and a gel content of about 1 to 99 percent, such microgels being obtained by emulsion polymerizing (a) about 50 to about 95 parts by weight of vinylidene chloride, (b) about 5 to about 50 parts by weight of a copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated comonomer, and (c) about 0.1 to about 10 parts by weight of a copolymerizable crosslinking polyfunctional comonomer. Such microgels have been found to have wide applicability as additives for synthetic foams and fibers, and for the preparation of improved coatings, films, and redispersible latexes.

Abstract: Vinyl halide polymers and copolymers are formed in the presence of a linear, branched chain or cyclic alkane, and the polymer is then heated to remove the alkane and unreacted vinyl halide therefrom. The polymers so formed have reduced amounts of vinyl halide therein and hence are less likely to contaminate the air with airborne vinyl halide.

Abstract: A process for polymerizing vinyl chloride, which comprises mixing vinyl chloride monomer or a monomeric mixture composed mainly of vinyl chloride, with water, an emulsifier, a polymerization initiator soluble in the monomer and other polymerization aids to form a preliminary dispersion in which liquid droplets of the dispersed monomer have a weight average particle diameter of 5 to 40 microns and the proportion of liquid droplets having a particle diameter of at least 50 microns is not more than 10% by weight based on the entire liquid droplets, applying a homogenizing technique to the preliminary dispersion to form a homogenized emulsion, and feeding the emulsion into a polymerization step.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of vinyl chloride copolymers having a reduced content of free vinyl chloride comprising polymerizing a monomer mixture containing from 15% to 90% by weight of vinyl chloride under aqueous emulsion polymerization conditions with conventional post-polymerization, releasing the pressure, flushing the gas space above the copolymer dispersion free of monomer, cooling the copolymer dispersion to a temperature of from 10.degree. to 40.degree. C., adding a redox catalyst to the cooled dispersion consisting of from 0.002% to 0.5% by weight of the dispersion of an oil-soluble peroxy compound, and a water-soluble sulfur-containing reducing agent in a ratio of reducing agent to peroxy compound of 0.5 to 3 equivalents, allowing the dispersion to stand at a temperature of from 10.degree. to 40.degree. C. for a period of two hours to two days and recovering a copolymer dispersion having a vinyl chloride content of less than 50 ppm.

Abstract: Polymer aggregates in the form of discrete particles of controlled particle size below 150 microns maximum dimension which are themselves aggregates of primary particles of a polymer or polymers derived from at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer together with from 0 to about 400%, by weight on the weight of the monomer, of an organic thickener compatible with the monomer, said aggregate particle containing from 0 to about 95% by weight of pigment and/or extender are made by providing an aqueous dispersion of the monomer and thickener, a hydrophilic colloid being present in the aqueous phase of the dispersion and pigment and/or extender optionally being present in either the aqueous phase or the disperse phase, introducing a polymerization initiator into the aqueous phase of the dispersion, and maintaining the dispersion under conditions of high shear and continuing polymerization to substantial completion thereof. The aggregates are useful in coating comositions, e.g. to provide a matt finish.

Abstract: Vinyl chloride polymers or copolymers having a relatively low molecular weight or degree of polymerization are prepared by a method in which an organic compound containing a mercapto group and a hydroxy or carboxyl group in a molecule is used as the chain transfer agent. Due to their very high activity, these chain transfer agents are used in amounts that are smaller than conventionally required quantities. The quality of the polymer products is satisfactory with respect to heat stability, occurrence of fish-eyes, particle size distribution, plasticizer absorption and ease of removing residual monomer.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein n independently at each occurrence and m are integers are excellent lubricants for PVC molding compositions.