Abstract: In a process of bulk vinyl chloride polymerization involving a two stage stationary reaction zone polymerization wherein high speed agitation is used during the first stage and slow speed agitation is used in the second stage, the polymerization in the first stage is conducted in contact with an organic or inorganic, inert, fine particle size material, solid at least at reaction temperatures and insoluble in the monomer or monomers used, or an anionic, cationic, or nonionic surfactant, or mixtures thereof. By the present polymerization method using economical conventional agitation equipment, small particle size polyvinyl chloride homopolymers or copolymers are produced which are useful as extender resins in plastisols.

Abstract: Vinyl chloride monomer is polymerized in aqueous medium under the influence of oil soluble polymerization initiators in the presence of alkali metal salts of higher fatty acid, higher alcohols and/or higher fatty acids, and hydroxides of alkali metals in certain amounts respectively, to produce vinyl chloride resin, stable for making resin/plasticizer pastes, mostly composed of particles having diameters lying between 0.1 and 2 microns. The resins are suitable for making resin/plasticizer pastes that have a low initial viscosity, little change in viscosities during storage, good thermal stability and excellent degassing property. Reduced deposition of polymer scales on the walls of the polymerization vessels was successful.

Abstract: An acrylic synthetic fiber comprising an acrylic copolymer consisting essentially of acrylonitrile, vinyl chloride and vinyl idene chlorde in the weight percentages defined by the formula102.8 < A + B + 1.29C < 107.4,wherein A is the weight percent of a mixture of olefinic monomers excluding vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride and monomers having dyeable sites in their molecular structures, and may consist of acrylonitrile in an amount of 40 to 65 weight percent, B is the weight percent of vinyl chloride and C is the weight percent of vinylidene chloride. There may be added 0.3 to 10 weight percent antimony oxide and/or stannic oxide, and/or 0.2 weight percent to 20 weight percent of a polymer or copolymer of glycidyl methacrylate.

Abstract: Homopolymers and copolymers of vinyl chloride are produced in the form of a powder by a bulk polymerization process which involves a dual temperature operation. Vinyl chloride (either alone or admixed with other copolymerizable monomers) is contacted with conventional polymerization initiators in the absence of solvents or diluents at a first temperature of from about 68.degree. to about 110.degree. F until the polymerization has proceeded to 0.1 to 10% of completion and thereafter the temperature is raised to 120.degree. to 150.degree. F until the polymerization has reached the desired conversion.

Abstract: An improvement in the method of preparing vinyl halide-containing polymers by suspension polymerization is disclosed. Briefly, the improvement comprises "tail-peaking" the reaction mass prior to stripping in order to remove vinyl halide. By "tail-peaking" is meant increasing the temperature of polymerization towards the latter part of the polymerization reaction. In one aspect the improvement comprises the additional feature of conducting the polymerization in the presence of a plasticizer.

Abstract: New fluorinated carboxylic acid amides of the formula ##STR1## are provided wherein R.sub.f is a perfluoroalkyl radical with 1 to 18 carbon atoms, R is hydrogen or methyl, R.sub.1 is hydrogen or R.sub.f CHOHCHR--, if m is 1, and hydrogen, alkyl with 1 to 18 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, hydroxyalkyl with 2 to 6 carbon atoms, alkoxyalkyl with 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkoxy moiety or R.sub.f CHOHCHR--, if m is 0, A is an ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon radical with 2 or 3 carbon atoms, m is 0 or 1, y is 1 or 2 and p is an integer from 2 to 6. The fluorinated carboxylic acid amides are useful e.g. as wetting agents, emulsifiers or dispersants and for producing oil-repellent finishes on porous or nonporous substrates or as intermediates for the manufacture of homo- or copolymers, which show also oil-repellent properties.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for forming modified polymers of: (1) a bis(hydrocarbyl) vinylphosphonate; (2) optionally, a crosslinking monomer containing two or more ethylenically unsaturated bonds; and (3) optionally, one or more comonomers which contain one ethylenically unsaturated bond. The products formed by this process which contain any of the above mentioned monomers are substantially free of unreacted residual bis(hydrocarbyl) vinylphosphonate. The process comprises the post-addition of a monoethylenically unsaturated monomer, the monomer being selected from the group consisting of the vinyl and vinylidene chlorides and bromides and the C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 dialkyl esters of maleic and fumaric acids, to the polymerization medium containing the vinylphosphonate and any optional monomers after the percent conversion of monomers in the polymerization medium has exceeded about 40%.

Abstract: A method of measuring the extent of an exothermic chemical reaction while the reaction is proceeding which comprises measuring the difference between the ingoing and outgoing temperatures of a coolant passing through the reaction vessel and computing therefrom the heat produced by the reaction, and in which the numerical value of the temperature of the ingoing coolant is retained in a memory device before being compared with that of the outgoing coolant, the period of retention being equal to the time taken for coolant to pass from the point of measurement of the ingoing temperature to the point of measurement of the outgoing temperature. This corrects errors due to variations with time of the temperature of the ingoing coolant.

Abstract: Certain rigid plastics are reinforced by admixture with a plurality of rubber-containing interpolymer particles which are prepared by the suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride in the presence of an aqueous emulsion of particles comprising a crosslinked acrylic rubber having a Tg of less than about 25.degree. C. The resulting reinforced plastics display excellent physical properties.

Abstract: Unique polymers are prepared by the polymerization of high internal phase ratio emulsions of monomers in aqueous systems.

Abstract: Polyazo compounds containing at least one alkyl or aryl thia or oxa group alpha to at least one of the azo groups in the connecting chain between the azo groups, such as 4-t-butylazo-4-methyl-3-thiapentyl 4-t-butylazo-4-cyanovalerate, which are useful for the sequential generation of free radicals, especially in the preparation of block and graft copolymers.

Abstract: In a microsuspension polymerization of vinyl halide monomer additional monomer is added during the polymerization.

Abstract: An improved process for the suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride homopolymers is accomplished by the addition of small amount of chain extending agent to the polymerization formula allowing the polymerization to be run at a higher temperature thus making better use of the reactor's heat removal capability. More efficient use of initiator is also accomplished while producing polyvinyl chloride having the desired molecular weight dependent physical properties. The process also allows a faster rate of polymerization.

Abstract: Ethylenically unsaturated material susceptible to free-radical polymerization, e.g., vinyl chloride monomer, is polymerized, e.g., in an aqueous medium, with an initiator system comprising, in combination, alkaline buffering reagent, e.g., sodium bicarbonate, organic acid anhydride, e.g., isobutyric anhydride, peroxygen compound selected from organic peroxy acid (peracid), e.g., peracetic acid, and hydrogen peroxide, and alkyl haloformate, e.g., ethyl chloroformate. The initiator system is added to the polymerization medium to form the initiator(s) in situ.

Abstract: A vinyl chloride polymer for providing a vinyl chloride paste which has a good thermal stability, a stability to sol viscosity and an excellent air release capability in the natural state or in a short period of time under a moderately low pressure is produced by using, in the production thereof, as an emulsifying agent, the alkali metal salts and/or ammonium salts of a mixture of a major amount of olefin alkyl sulfonates and a minor amount of hydroxyalkyl sulfonates (hereinafter olefin alkyl/hydroxyalkyl sulfonates) having from about 8 to 20 carbon atoms, in the polymerization thereof or in the preparation of a vinyl chloride paste from the polymerized product.

Abstract: Novel sound reproduction molding compositions of good processing qualities are disclosed, based on copolymer of vinyl chloride and propylene. Records obtained therefrom, have good audio qualities and resistance to impact, thermal warpage and water blistering. Because of their high heat stability, formulations based on the vinyl chloride-propylene (VC/P) copolymers can be employed in making sound records not only by the usual compression molding techniques, but also by injection molding.

Abstract: Disclosed is an antistatic agent composition for incorporation in synthetic resins comprised of a blend ofA. a zinc salt of a C.sub.8-22 fatty acid or a mixture of a zinc salt of a C.sub.8-22 fatty acid and a calcium salt of a C.sub.8-22 fatty acid, andB. a tertiary amine component selected from the group consisting of those represented by the formulas ##EQU1## or 3. A MIXTURE OF TERTIARY AMINES (1) OR (2) WITH A HIGHER ALIPHATIC ALCOHOL REPRESENTED BY THE GENERAL FORMULAR.sub.3 OHwhere each R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl and alkenyl radicals containing from about 8 to 22 carbon atoms and n is a number of from 1 to 5.

Abstract: A graft copolymer is provided which is characterized by excellent gas impermeability, transparency and impact strength, as well as good flowability, and hence good molding workability, by copolymerizing an olefinically unsaturated nitrile with an alkyl vinyl ether in the presence of a rubbery polymer, which contains at least 50% by weight of a conjugated diene; said olefinically unsaturated nitrile being present in an amount of from 60 to 95% by weight, based on the total weight of said olefinically unsaturated nitrile and said alkyl vinyl ether; and wherein said olefinically unsaturated nitrile and said alkyl ether are present in an amount of from 3 to 50 times by weight the quantity of said rubbery polymer.

Abstract: A process for the production of vinyl chloride polymers suitable for the production of pastes, in which a mixture of water and a monomer soluble free radical yielding initiator dissolved in a solvent therefor is subjected to homogenization in the presence of a surfactant and mixed with the monomeric material to be polymerized, the monomeric material then being polymerized to form vinyl chloride polymer. None of the vinyl chloride to be polymerized is homogenized in the claimed process.

Abstract: Disclosed are epoxy-azido compounds of the formula ##EQU1## WHERE R is a polyvalent organic radical, R' is a hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or aralkyl radical, A is ##EQU2## and n and m are integers from 1 to 100. Also disclosed is the use of said epoxy-azido compounds in modifying polymers, cross-linking polymers, and adhering polymers to certain substrates, e.g. glass and other polymers.

Abstract: Copolymers of vinyl chloride and 2-hydroxypropyl-alkyl maleate and/or fumarate consisting of a copolymer with from 65% to 95% by weight of vinyl chloride monomer units and from 5% to 35% by weight of 2-hydroxypropyl-alkyl maleate and/or fumarate monomer units, where alkyl has from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and is preferably branched, optionally with up to 15% of a dialkyl maleate and/or fumarate monomer units, where each alkyl has from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, said copolymer having a K-value of from 20 to 50 measured in cyclohexanone, as well as the method of producing the same by continuous addition of the monomer mix to an aqueous emulsion.

Abstract: The formation of polymer on the surfaces of the reactor equipment in the commercial production of polyvinyl chloride and copolymers thereof is avoided by employing equipment whose surfaces which contact the monomer are formed of substantially pure nickel.

Abstract: A process for suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride or a mixture of vinyl chloride and a monomer copolymerizable therewith in an aqueous medium in the presence of an oil-soluble polymerization catalyst is improved by the use of a suspending agent comprising a well known protective colloid and a saccharose alkyl ester.

Abstract: The mono- or diester of phosphoric acid and a straight chain alkanol of 8 to 10 carbon atoms is used as a surfactant in the emulsion polymerization of olefinic compounds, especially vinyl compounds, to obtain polymers having improved stability to light and heat.

Abstract: Polymer deposit or build-up on the interior surfaces of a polymerization vessel during polymerization of monoethylenically unsaturated monomers in aqueous dispersion may be inhibited by adding certain heterocyclic compounds to the dispersion prior to polymerization.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for polymerizing olefinic monomers, such as vinyl halides, vinylidene halides and vinylidene monomers having at least one terminal CH.sub.2 =C< grouping, and mixtures thereof whereby polymer build-up on the inner surfaces of the reactor is substantially eliminated. The process is carried out in a reaction vessel the inner surfaces of which are coated with a coating composition containing, as a primary ingredient, polyethyleneimine and wherein the polymerization medium in contact with said coated surfaces contains a water-soluble divalent tin salt as a water-phase polymerization inhibitor. The coating and inhibitor produce a synergistic effect.

Abstract: Organic polymers are crosslinked with polyfunctional chloronitroso containing compounds.

Abstract: This invention discloses solid, homogeneous and essentially random terpolymers of styrene, isobutylene and beta-pinene having a number average molecular weight of from about 1500 to about 7000, a styrene content of from about 40 to about 60 weight percent, an isobutylene content of from about 10 to about 40 weight percent, a beta-pinene content of from about 10 to about 40 weight percent and a ring and ball softening point of from about 160.degree. to about 240.degree.F.

Abstract: Vinyl chloride monomer, or a monomeric mixture comprising vinyl chloride as a main component and other monomers co-polymerizable therewith in an aqueous reaction medium, is polymerized in a polymerization vessel. All of the surfaces of the inside walls of the vessel and the agitator blades, the baffle plates and the like with which the vessel is equipped, are coated prior to the polymerization with at least one of a specific class of nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic compounds. Not only is the deposition of polymer scale surprisingly reduced, but also the polymer thus obtained has good physical and chemical properties.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of polymers and copolymers of yl choride, which comprises polymerizing vinyl chloride or copolymerizing vinyl chloride and monomers copolymerizable therewith in the presence of a peroxide having the general formula ##SPC1##Wherein R represents an alkyl- or an alkoxy-group having from 1-6 carbon atoms as an initiator. The initiator is used in an amount of 0.01 to 1.0% by weight, calculated on the monomer or monomer mixture. The foregoing peroxide may be used in combination with another structurally similar peroxide or with other peroxides also capable of polymerizing or copolymerizing vinyl chloride in an amount of 0.01 to 0.1% by weight, calculated on the monomer or monomer mixture.

Abstract: Polymerization of vinyl chloride in aqueous suspension in the presence of free-radical initiators of short half-life at pH's below 8. The temperature of the reactor wall must not be more than 20.degree.C above the temperature of the polymerization mixture during the heat-up phase and it must be lower than the temperature of the polymerization mixture during the subsequent polymerization phase. This procedure suppresses the formation of incrustations in the reactor.

Abstract: Vinyl chloride is removed from wet cakes that comprise a vinyl chloride polymer, vinyl chloride, and water by contacting the wet cakes with steam, preferably at atmospheric pressure and at a temperature in the range of 100.degree. to 125.degree.C.

Abstract: Conjugated diolefinic polymers having a molecular weight of less than 1,000,000 can be produced at high polymerization rates and in high yields by polymerizing a conjugated diolefin or copolymerizing a conjugated diolefin with a vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon in the presence of an alfin catalyst, in which as a molecular weight regulator is used a halogenated unsaturated hydrocarbon represented by the formula, ##EQU1## wherein R is an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, a vinyl group, a phenyl group, an alkyl-substituted phenyl group, a halogen atom or a hydrogen atom, and X, Y and Z which may be same or different are individually a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, at least one of the R, X, Y and Z being a halogen atom.

Abstract: Polymer or copolymer of vinyl chloride having superior properties can be produced by suspension-polymerizing vinyl chloride or a mixture thereof with another vinyl monomer, at first, in the presence of an oil-soluble radical initiator, and thereafter, when the percentage of polymerization of the resulting polymer has reached about 15% to about 80%, subjecting the polymer to a further polymerization in the presence of a water-soluble radical initiator.The product thus obtained has both the merits resulting from suspension polymerization and emulsion one. It has an extremely high absorptivity of plasticizer, easy processability, and film made therefrom has substantially no fish eye.