Abstract: A process and apparatus for passing a polymerization effluent, comprising solid polymer, unreacted monomer, diluent and minor amounts of contaminants, to a high pressure flash where most of the fluid components are flashed and wherein a slip stream comprising diluent and minor amounts of monomer is separated from the bulk of the flashed fluid components. The slip stream is subjected to olefin removal to give an essentially olefin-free stream for recycle to a catalyst mud preparation area. The bulk of the flashed fluid components are recycled directly back to the polymerization zone without expensive olefin removal, although treatment to remove other contaminants can optionally be performed. The polymer and entrained fluid is passed to a low pressure flash zone where the fluids are flashed off, compressed and joined with the flash from the high pressure flash tank.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing an ethylenic oligomer which comprises subjecting ethylene to oligomerization reaction in an organic solvent in the presence of a Ziegler based catalyst, and recyclingly using for the oligomerization reaction, the organic solvent separated by distillng the resultant oligomerization reaction product, wherein the water concentration in the oligomerization reaction system is at most 8 ppm by weight, or the concentration of olefins which have at least 3 carbon atoms and which are contained in the organic solvent to be recycled in the oligomerization reaction system is at most 2% by weight. The process of the present invention can maintain the catalytic activity of the catalyst at a high level.

Abstract: The space time yield of a gas phase reactor, particularly a polyethylene reactor may be increased by replacing at least 80 weight % of the ballast gas with a gas having a higher heat capacity than the ballast gas. Preferably the gas replacing the ballast gas is a stream of dilute ethylene having a high concentration of ethane.

Abstract: A process/apparatus is disclosed for continuously separating a liquid medium comprising diluent and unreacted monomers from a polymerization effluent comprising diluent, unreacted monomers and polymer solids, comprising a continuous discharge of the polymerization effluent from a slurry reactor through a discharge valve and transfer conduit into a first intermediate pressure flash tank with a conical bottom defined by substantially straight sides inclined at an angle to that of horizontal equal to or greater than the angle of slide of the slurry/polymer solids and an exit seal chamber of such diameter (d) and length (I) as to maintain a desired volume of concentrated polymer solids/slurry in the exit seal chamber such as to form a pressure seal while continuously discharging a plug flow of concentrated polymer solids/slurry bottom product of said first flash tank from the exit seal chamber through a seal chamber exit reducer with inclined sides defined by substantially straight sides inclined at an angle to t

Abstract: Process for manufacturing olefin polymers, in which some of the suspension of olefin polymer particles formed in a diluent is drawn off from the polymerization reactor and diluted by means of a liquid before being sent into a hydrocyclone separator in which, on the one hand, a concentrated suspension of polymer particles and, on the other hand, a stream essentially comprising diluent are formed and separated.

Abstract: The present invention teaches the use of particular soluble metallocene catalysts to produce stereoregular polymers in gas phase polymerizations wherein the catalysts are fed into a particle lean zone in the reactor. The metallocenes catalysts are bridged bis-(substituted indenyl) compounds.

Abstract: The liquid content of granular product removed from a fluidized bed polymerization reactor operating in the condensing mode is reduced or minimized by removing the product from a level in the fluidized bed which is about 0.21 to about 0.59 of its height while venting the product discharge tank to a point higher in the fluidized bed.

Abstract: A process for preparing polyvinyl alcohol by means of catalytic transesterification of an alcoholic polyvinyl ester solution and subsequent workup by means of isolation of the polyvinyl alcohol formed includes adding, prior to the transesterification of the polyvinyl ester solution, the acetic ester of the alcohol used as solvent, in an amount of from 5 to 70% by weight, based on the overall amount of alcoholic solvent and its acetic ester, and recycling the liquid phase obtained after isolation of the polyvinyl alcohol product to a further polyvinyl ester transesterification.

Abstract: The partially condensed fluid recycle stream of a fluidized bed polyolefin reactor operating in the condensing mode is split into two portions by a stream splitter. In a preferred mode, the smaller stream from the splitter contains a higher ratio of liquid to gas than the larger stream. One portion of the split stream is injected below the fluidized bed and the other, preferably with enhanced liquid content, is injected into the fluidized bed at a level above the distributor plate, preferably above the product withdrawal level.

Abstract: A process for the polymerization of olefins in a gas phase reactor operating in a non-condensed mode, in which the process is carried out in the presence of a catalyst system containing (a) a metallocene supported on a solid support and (b) an activator, and adding a lower alkane to the gas phase reactor.

Abstract: The polymer recovery capacity of solution polymerization units is increased by flashing a polymer solution exiting olefin polymerization reactors to produce a concentrated polymer solution having a reduced temperate and a solids content from 10 percent to 40 percent by weight. Flashing of the polymer solution preferably occurs at a temperature at least 20° C. higher than the crystallization temperature of the concentrated polymer solution The concentrated polymer solution can be prepared adiabatically and can be subsequently finished in conventional polymer recovery units without increasing the risk of gel formation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst composition of an activator, a catalyst compound and a support in a liquid. The catalyst composition of the invention is utilized as prepared, in the liquid, in a process for polymerizing olefin(s), preferably a slurry polymerization process.

Abstract: A fluidized bed olefin polymerization process is operated in the turbulent regime while utilizing greater than 17.5% liquid in the recycle fluid to remove the heat of reaction. The ratio of fluidized bed density to settled bed density may, contrary to prior art predelictions, be maintained at lower than 0.59.

Abstract: A process/apparatus is disclosed for continuously separating a liquid medium comprising diluent and unreacted monomers from a polymerization effluent comprising diluent, unreacted monomers and polymer solids, comprising a continuous discharge of the polymerization effluent from a slurry reactor through a discharge valve and transfer conduit into a first intermediate pressure flash tank with a conical bottom defined by substantially straight sides inclined at an angle to that of horizontal equal to or greater than the angle of slide of the slurry/polymer solids and an exit seal chamber of such diameter (d) and length (l) as to maintain a desired volume of concentrated polymer solids/slurry in the exit seal chamber such as to form a pressure seal while continuously discharging a plug flow of concentrated polymer solids/slurry bottom product of said first flash tank from the exit seal chamber through a seal chamber exit reducer with inclined sides defined by substantially straight sides inclined at an angle to t

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for continuous gas phase polymerization of olefin(s) in a reactor containing a fluidized bed, consisting of a cylinder with a vertical side wall and of a desurging or disengagement chamber (3) mounted above the said cylinder, characterized in that the fluidized bed occupies at least all of the cylinder with a vertical side wall of the reactor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and a device that are suitable for the preparation of a polymer based on an olefinic monomer and optionally one or more comonomers that are copolymerisable therewith, in a horizontal reactor, divided into at least two zones and fitted with a stirring mechanism, which is operated under subfluidization conditions, the polymer formed being discharged from the reactor separately from other reactor effluent, it being possible to vary the composition of the overall feed to be supplied to a zone between two zones at least and the reactor effluent separated from polymer leaving the reactor as a single stream, at least part of this stream being returned to the reactor as feed after one or more separating steps.

Abstract: Disclosed are catalyst preparation olefin polymerization processes with the recycling of a co-catalyst. According to the olefin polymerization process activated single-site catalysts are prepared by contacting supported single-site pre-catalyst with an organic solvent containing co-catalyst. The activated single-site catalysts are separated from co-catalysts dissolved in an organic solvent and the olefin polymerization is conducted using the separated single-site catalysts with one or more olefinic monomers. The separated co-catalysts is reused by recycling the organic solvent containing the separated co-catalysts and contacting them with the supported single-site pre-catalysts. The olefin polymerization process of the present invention enables recycling expensive co-catalyst for subsequent olefin polymerization and accordingly the total amount of co-catalyst required can be significantly reduced.

Abstract: A continuous, solvent-free process for obtaining solvent-free, fine white powders of high molecular weight alternating copolymers of maleic anhydride and a C1-C4 alkyl vinyl ether, without odor or taste, having the molecular structure (A-B)n, where A is maleic anhydride, B is an alkyl vinyl ether and n is an integer indicative of the molecular weight of the copolymer, which comprises feeding alkyl vinyl ether as reactant and solvent in excess over the desired 1:1 mole ratio of A:B in the copolymer, molten maleic anhydride and a free radical initiator, continuously at predetermined feeding rates into a reactor heated at a reaction temperature of about 50° to 100° C.

Abstract: There is provided a bulk handling method for maintaining granular material in a free-flowing state in a vessel during storing, transporting, or while in an idle mode in a fluidized-bed reactor or purger.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods and reactor devices for controlling the oxidation of hydrocarbons to dibasic acids, in the presence of a cobalt catalyst and a monobasic acid, such as acetic acid, by treating the catalyst from the reaction mixture, outside the oxidation zone, after the oxidation has taken place at least partially. In one preferred embodiment, the catalyst is reduced to contain, preferably predominantly and more preferably substantially, cobalt ions in valence II, and at least partially precipitated by de-watering and/or thermal treatment. In a different preferred embodiment, the catalyst in the reaction mixture is first oxidized or maintained, preferably predominantly and more preferably substantially, at valence III, the reaction mixture is de-watered, the catalyst is reduced preferably predominantly and more preferably substantially, to valence II, causing precipitation either spontaneously at a predetermined temperature or after further thermal treatment.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for substantially continuously polymerizing olefins comprising: introducing into a first reaction zone a fresh olefin polymerization catalyst; contacting said fresh olefin polymerization catalyst in said first reaction zone with a first vent mixture at a first feed rate and under conditions sufficient to form and avoid melting a polyolefin, wherein first vent mixture comprises unreacted olefins and a diluent vented from a second reaction zone; withdrawing a vent product of unreacted olefins and diluent from said first reaction zone; withdrawing from said first reaction zone a first product mixture comprising said catalyst and said polyolefin; passing said first product mixture to said second reaction zone; contacting said first product mixture in said second reaction zone with a second vent mixture at a second feed rate and under conditions sufficient to form and avoid melting said polyolefin, wherein said second vent mixture comprises a material selected from the group

Abstract: Process for the polymerization in aqueous suspension of acrylic monomers in the presence of a polymeric suspending agent, homopolymer or copolymer of a compound of formula: wherein: R1 is H or CH3; R2 and R3, equal or different, are H or alkyls C1-C8, optionally branched when possible; M is an alkaline or alkaline-earth metal or ammonium and A is NH, O or NCH3, characterized in that the polymerization aqueous phase is wholly or partly formed by the mother waters obtained after the separation of the acrylic polymer, so as to have a polymerizable suspension containing at least 0.01% by weight and up to about 1% of said suspending agent and at least from 0.05% to 5% by weight of the other products above mentioned obtained during the polymerization.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of olefin polymers in a continuous gas phase polymerization reaction wherein monomer, after passage through the fluidized bed, is cooled to a temperature below its dew point to produce a mixture of cold gas and liquid. All or nearly all of the cold gas is introduced into the bottom of the reactor to serve as the fluidizing gas stream for the fluidized bed. Cold liquid, separated from the mixture, is either injected directly into the peripheral region around the fluidized bed or onto the walls of the expanded section of the reactor to form a liquid film flowing down the wall of the reactor or alternatively, the cold liquid is warmed to form a heated fluid by passing in indirect heat exchange relation with the fluidized bed and is then injected directly into the peripheral region of the fluidized bed or onto the wall of the expanded section of the reactor to form a downward flowing stream of cold liquid.

Abstract: A falling film of water is applied around the periphery of a fluid bed olefin polymerization reactor to cool the wall and reduce the temperature in the fluid bed near the inside surface of the wall. Cooling has the effect of reducing static in the reactor, which in turn ameliorates a sheeting problem and can enhance production by facilitating control of the relation of the reactor temperature and the dew point of recycled gas. The process may be used concurrently with a gas cooling and condensing recycle system wherein at least some of the condensed recycle gas is injected in the vicinity of the internal wall surface.

Abstract: An in-line spectrometric method for determining the distillation residue content in an opaque, dark-colored mixture containing an isocyanate and tar-like materials (residue) during the isocyanate production process. A probe capable of directing light at wavelengths of from 1050 to 2150 nm is inserted in a stream of the residue-containing mixture and light is transmitted through the stream. Light absorption data is collected and a near-infrared spectrum is generated. The residue content is then determined using a chemometric model. Knowledge of the residue content makes it possible to control and optimize the distillation process.

Abstract: Continuous process for manufacturing a polyolefin resin in at least two polymerization reactors connected in series, in which the polymer suspensions leaving the reactors are transferred into hydrocyclone separators in which a flow comprising diluent and polymer particles, on the one hand, and a concentrated suspension of polymer particles, on the other hand, are formed and separated. The flows comprising the polymer particles are recycled into the first polymerization reactor.

Abstract: The partially condensed fluid recycle stream of a fluidized bed polyolefin reactor operating in the condensing mode is split into two portions by a stream splitter. In a preferred mode, the smaller stream from the splitter contains a higher ratio of liquid to gas than the larger stream. One portion of the split stream is injected below the fluidized bed and the other, preferably with enhanced liquid content, is injected into the fluidized bed at a level above the product withdrawal level. Regulation of liquid injection above the product withdrawal level, as a function of liquid in the product discharge tanks, reduces the liquid in the product discharge system, resulting in improved discharge cycle times and more efficient conservation of monomer and other materials which might otherwise be lost in the discharge process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved catalyst delivery method for introducing a supported bulky ligand metallocene-type catalyst system to a reactor for polymerizing one or more olefin(s). In particular, the invention provides for a method of introducing a supported metallocene-type catalyst system into a polymerization reactor by and in the presence of a carrier solution of an antistatic agent and a liquid diluent. Also, the invention is directed toward a catalyst feeder for use in a polymerization process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for continuous gas phase polymerization of olefin(s) in a reactor containing a fluidized bed, consisting of a cylinder with a vertical side wall and of a desurging or disengagement chamber mounted above the said cylinder, characterized in that the fluidized bed occupies at least all of the cylinder with a vertical side wall of the reactor.

Abstract: Process for manufacturing olefin polymers, in which some of the suspension of olefin polymer particles formed in a diluant is drawn off from the polymerization reactor and diluted by means of a liquid before being sent into a hydrocyclone separator in which, on the one hand, a concentrated suspension of polymer particles and, on the other hand, a stream essentially comprising diluant are formed and separated.

Abstract: Process for manufacturing an olefin polymer composition in at least two polymerization reactors connected in series, in which the suspension of polymer in a diluant, formed in the first reactor, is sent into a hydrocyclone seperator in which, on the one hand, a stream comprising diluant and, on the other hand, a concentrated suspension of polymer particles are formed and separated. The concentrated suspension is then introduced into the subsequent polymerization reactor.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for passing a polymerization effluent, comprising solid polymer, unreacted monomer, diluent and minor amounts of contaminants, to a high pressure flash where most of the fluid components are flashed and wherein a slip stream comprising diluent and minor amounts of monomer is separated from the bulk of the flashed fluid components. The slip stream is subjected to olefin removal to give an essentially olefin-free stream for recycle to a catalyst mud preparation area. The bulk of the flashed fluid components are recycled directly back to the polymerization zone without expensive olefin removal, although treatment to remove other contaminants can optionally be performed. The polymer and entrained fluid is passed to a low pressure flash zone where the fluids are flashed off, compressed and joined with the flash from the high pressure flash tank.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polymerization process for producing polymers in a continuous gas phase fluidized bed reactor, wherein a recycle stream is allowed to cool down to below its dew point and the resultant two-phase mixture of the gas and liquid phases is recycled to the reactor, the inert condensable agent introduced into the recycle stream to raise the dew point being saturated hydrocarbons, characterized in that the saturated hydrocarbon is cyclopentane.

Abstract: Mass-continuous process for the production of vinylaromatic polymers which comprises feeding a reaction mixture containing at least one vinylaromatic monomer to at least one tubular reactor of the PFR type and operating with a recycling ratio, referring to the recycling flow-rate/feeding flow-rate, of less than 4.

Abstract: A process for the continuous gas fluidised bed polymerisation of olefins, especially ethylene, propylene, or mixtures of these with other alpha olefins, wherein the monomer containing recycle gas employed to fluidise the bed is passed through a separator. The separator is charged with and maintained at least partially filled with liquid. Entrained catalyst and/or polymer particles are separated from the recycle gas in the separator and these separated particles are maintained in a suspended state in the liquid in the separator. The recycle stream can be cooled to condense out at least some liquid hydrocarbon; the condensed liquid, which can be a monomer or an inert liquid, is separated from the recycle gas in the separator and is fed directly to the bed to produce cooling by latent heat of evaporation. The process reduces fouling of the separator.

Abstract: A continuous process for the manufacture of olefin polymers in a continuous gas phase polymerization reaction wherein monomer, after passage through the fluidized bed, is cooled to a temperature below its dew point to produce a mixture of cold gas and liquid. All or part of the cold gas is introduced into the bottom of the reactor to serve as the fluidizing gas stream for the fluidized bed. Cold liquid separated from the mixture is warmed to form a heated fluid by passing in indirect heat exchange relation with the fluidized bed and the heated fluid is then injected directly into the bed; combined with the fluidizing gas stream; sprayed on top of the bed or combined with gaseous monomer removed from the fluidized bed for cooling.

Abstract: The novel process for preparing ethylene copolymers by polymerizing ethylene with, as comonomer, up to 10% by weight, based on the total amount of the monomers, of a 1-olefin of the formula R—CH═CH2, where R is a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, is carried out in a polymerization reactor and in suspension with a dispersion medium at a temperature of from 20 to 100° C. and a pressure of from 2 to 20 bar, in the presence of a catalyst. The dispersion medium is then separated from the polymer. After carrying out the polymerization, but before removing the dispersion medium from the polymer, the suspension stream is partly evaporated, with the result that some of the wax formed in the polymerization is adsorbed onto the polymer and the resultant vapor stream is fed directly into the reactors after condensation or back into the process after distillative removal of the comonomer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous high molecular weight, amorphous polymer-producing process which includes a reactor design, an unreacted monomer and solvent recycling and purification system, a catalyst deactivation and polymer stabilization system, and a polymer isolation process. The present invention relates to the discovery of a continuous process for the production of polymers. The discovery relates particularly to Ziegler-Natta synthesis of amorphous polymers from .alpha.-olefins. In the inventive method, it was discovered that reconfiguration of process streams for the purposes of the product stabilization and catalyst deactivation led to elimination of the need for an elaborate absorption bed train to purify recycled components. Additionally, reconfiguration of process streams resulted in an improvement of process yield where recycled solvent and unreacted monomer previously caused process yield to be marginal in comparison to using entirely new feedstocks.

Abstract: A process to recycle diluent while capturing such other compounds is provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a gas phase process for the polymerization of monomer(s) utilizing a metallocene catalyst system to produce easy processing polyolefin polymers.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a fluid bed polymerization process including an improved method for cooling the fluid bed. The recycled fluid stream is cooled by a method comprisinga) cooling said gas sufficiently to condense a portion of said gas to a liquid,b) thereafter separating said liquid from said cooled gas,c) compressing said cooled gas,d) thereafter recooling said cooled gas sufficiently to condense a portion thereof to a liquid,e) reintroducing said liquid portions and said recooled gas into said reactor sufficiently to maintain reactive conditions.

Abstract: Addition of water to a gas phase olefin polymerization reactor in amounts greater than 3 ppmv permits an increase in the level of condensable gas and facilitates operation of the reactor at an elevated dew point by ameliorating electrostatic phenomena in the reactor; the process inhibits sheeting.

Abstract: A method for continuously producing a polyester by continuously melt-polymerizing a raw material consisting of a dicarboxylic acid component composed of mainly an aromatic dicarboxylic acid and containing an alicyclic dicarboxylic acid or an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, or their ester-forming derivatives with a diol component, characterized in that said diol component as a distillate in the polycondensation reaction, including an adhering material, is condensed, said adhering material is separated centrifugally, and then the residual diol component, after distillation, is supplied to an esterification reaction or an ester interchange reaction.

Abstract: A process for producing polymer in a gas phase reactor by introducing a stream of monomer and gas into a polymerization zone while providing at least one liquid component in the polymerization zone.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for substantially continuously polymerizing olefins comprising: introducing into a first reaction zone a fresh olefin polymerization catalyst; contacting said fresh olefin polymerization catalyst in said first reaction zone with a first vent mixture at a first feed rate and under conditions sufficient to form and avoid melting a polyolefin, wherein first vent mixture comprises unreacted olefins and a diluent vented from a second reaction zone; withdrawing a vent product of unreacted olefins and diluent from said first reaction zone; withdrawing from said first reaction zone a first product mixture comprising said catalyst and said polyolefin; passing said first product mixture to said second reaction zone; contacting said first product mixture in said second reaction zone with a second vent mixture at a second feed rate and under conditions sufficient to form and avoid melting said polyolefin, wherein said second vent mixture comprises a material selected from the group

Abstract: A method is disclosed of producing a copolymer of polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate. The method comprises esterifying a combination of a diester of naphthalene, terephthalic acid, and ethylene glycol to produce an esterification reaction mixture that includes the alcohol byproduct of the naphthalene diester, distilling the reaction mixture to remove at least a portion of the esterification byproducts from the reaction mixture in the form of a vapor stream of which the majority component is water vapor and which includes the alcohol byproduct of the naphthalate ester in the vapor state, and combusting at least a portion of the vapor stream under conditions sufficient to decompose at least a portion of the alcohol byproduct present in the vapor stream.

Abstract: The invention relates to continuous gas fluidised bed polymerisation of olefins, especially ethylene, propylene, or mixtures of these with other alpha olefins, wherein the monomer-containing recycle gas employed to fluidise the bed is cooled to condense out at least some liquid hydrocarbon. The condensed liquid, which can be a monomer or an inert liquid, is separated from the recycle gas and is fed directly to the bed to produce cooling by latent heat of evaporation. The liquid feeding to the bed can be through gas-induced atomiser nozzles (FIG. 2), or through liquid-only nozzles. The process provides substantially improved productivity of gas fluidised bed polymerisation of olefins.

Abstract: A high quality copolymer of styrene and methyl methacrylate is economically produced by polymerizing styrene and methyl methacrylate in a homogeneous solution of raw materials comprising methyl methacrylate, styrene, and an antioxidant, while the solution of raw materials is continuously supplied to a polymerization reactor including at least one complete-mixing type reaction tank, continuously removing the polymerization product from the polymerization reactor, supplying the polymerization product removed from the polymerization reactor directly to an extruder having a plurality of vents, and extruding a copolymer from the extruder, while volatile matter are removed through the plurality of vents.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for the microsuspension polymerization of vinyl chloride in vessels whose contents are agitated predominantly by natural convection where, in a reactor having a ratio of height H to diameter D of H/D 2, which is equipped externally or internally with a heat exchanger provided with water and connected to a pumped circulation system provided with water, the introduction of the cooling water takes place in the upper third of the heat exchanger and the cooling water is conducted downward and is conducted away in the lower third of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A solution polymerization system for polymerizing a olefin monomer by reacting the monomer with catalyst and solvent has been invented. The system in one aspect including a flow loop with a product polymer outlet, the flow loop forming a recycling reactor, a catalyst inlet on the flow loop through which catalyst and solvent flow into the flow loop, a monomer inlet on the flow loop through which monomer and solvent flow into the flow loop and, with the catalyst, form a reactant materials stream, a first heat exchanger on the flow loop for receiving the reactant materials stream and any formed polymer and for removing heat of reaction or polymerization from the flow loop, and pump apparatus for pumping the reactant materials stream and formed polymer in the flow loop and from the first heat exchanger to the product polymer outlet.