Abstract: A method is provided for making nanoparticles, including the steps of: combining a hydrocarbon solvent and an aprotic, polar co-solvent, a mono-vinyl aromatic monomer, polymerization initiator, a solution stabilizer, and a first charge of a cross-linking agent. Subsequently, a second charge of cross-linking agent is added. The nanoparticles have an average diameter of 5 nanometers to about 10,000 nanometers. Spherical nanoparticles are also provided that include a cross-linking agent comprising 30% to 60% by weight of the combined weight of a mono-vinyl aromatic species and the cross-linking agent. The spherical nanoparticles also meet the following equation: 0.90?(D1/D2)?1.1 wherein D1 is a first diameter of a nanoparticle and D2 is a second diameter of the nanoparticle, and D1 and D2 intersect at right angles.

Abstract: Ethylene and allyl- or vinylsilanes are efficiently copolymerized by certain late transition metal complexes containing selected bidentate or tridentate ligands. The resulting novel polymers may be crosslinked by moisture when vinylsilane contains groups bound to silicon which are hydrolyzable. The polymers are useful for wire coating, crosslinked foams, pipes, and other uses.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing polyolefins containing vinylidine end groups from quasiliving carbocationically terminated polyolefin polymers by contacting the quasiliving carbocationically terminated polymer with a suitable nonaromatic heterocyclic ring quenching agent and substituted derivatives thereof.

Abstract: A polymer particle (10) useful for opacifying includes a polymer core (12) and a polymer sheath (16) surrounding the polymer core (12). The polymer core (12) is produced by polymerizing the polymer sheath (16) around the polymer core (12) in an emulsion. After at least a portion of the polymer core (12) is formed, a non-homopolymerizing monomer is added to the emulsion.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting the premature polymerization of styrenic monomers is disclosed wherein the method comprises adding to said monomers a combination of: (A) at least one inhibitor that is a sulfonic acid compound in a concentration sufficient to initiate cationic polymerization of said styrenic monomers at any point of the manufacturing or purification process and cause a resulting temperature increase; and (B) at least one amine in a concentration sufficient to reduce said cationic polymerization and said temperature increase; whereby an uncontrolled exothermic reaction between said sulfonic acid compound and said styrenic monomers will be prevented.

Abstract: A HASE-type rheology modifier containing an associative monomer which is functionalised by a hydrophobic group of an oxo alcohol base is provided. A method to prepare the HASE rheology modifier and its use in a method to thicken and create a Newtonian rheological profile in an aqueous formulation such as a water based paint is also provided.

Abstract: An oil-based ink composition for inkjet recording capable of exhibiting desired properties of drying after print, rubfastness and re-solubility is achieved by performing solubilization on an acrylic resin which is not easily dissolved conventionally. The oil-based ink composition for inkjet printing comprises glycol ether dialkyl ethers as a prime solvent; and an acrylic resin that results from solution polymerization in a solvent of the glycol ether dialkyl ethers by use of a radical polymerization initiator.

Abstract: A process for deactivating an active catalyst species in an olefin polymer stream exiting a polymerization reactor and neutralizing catalyst residues, as well as reducing corrosion, plugging or fouling of olefin production and recovery equipment and imparting antioxidative properties to an olefin polymer comprising adding a catalyst deactivator and an alkaline earth metal salt of a phosphoric- or phosphonic acid to an olefin polymer stream exiting a polymerization reactor, each in a quantity at least sufficient to deactivate active catalytic species in the polymer stream and neutralize catalyst residues, respectively, and subsequently recovering the resulting polymer product.

Abstract: Process to kill a continuous catalyzed olefin liquid phase polymerization in which the catalyst is a Ziegler-Natta or a metallocene catalyst, wherein, a predetermined amount of killing agent is injected into the reactor during at least twice the cycle time of the reactor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method to safely terminate a runaway reaction within a reaction vessel, comprising: sensing an increase in pressure in the reaction vessel, opening a barrier blocking a flow path into the reactor, wherein the barrier opening is achieved via a mechanical response to the sensed increase in pressure, and injecting a kill agent into the reaction vessel via the opened flow path, thereby terminating the reaction. Also disclosed is a system for performing the method. The system functions without an external electrical source and is therefore compliant with ASME standards.

Abstract: Method of changing from a polymerization using a first catalyst to a polymerization using a second catalyst which is incompatible with the first catalyst in a gas-phase reactor, which comprises the steps a) stopping of the polymerization reaction using the first catalyst, b) flushing of the reactor under polymerization conditions with at least one deactivating agent comprising a volatile constituent and a nonvolatile constituent in a weight ratio of from 0.1 to 1000, c) introduction of the second catalyst into the reactor and d) continuation of the polymerization using the second catalyst.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is provite a process for producing an olefin polymer, which can produce an olefin polymer having a higher molecular weight even in the presence of hydrogen and can obtain an olefin polymer having good powder characteristics by lowering hydrogen concentration efficiently in polymerizing an olefin in the presence of hydrogen by use of a gas phase reaction vessel. There is provided a process for producing an olefin polymer comprising the steps of: using a gas phase reaction vessel; polymerizing an olefin by use of a catalyst for olefin polymerization in the presence of hydrogen; adding a hydrogenation catalyst into the gas phase reaction vessel; and adding a polymerization activity depressant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the coupling of two polymer chains to give end group-functionalized polymers, the simultaneous precipitation of transition metals from polymer solutions and to the removal of halogen atoms from polymer chain ends.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing emulsion polymer particles of a hollow core/shell structure in the presence of a monomer plasticizer having a ceiling temperature less than 181° C. wherein a polymerization inhibitor or reducing agent is not added to the aqueous emulsion of the core shell particles during the neutralization and swelling stage. The obtained core shell particles are useful in paints, paper coatings, foams, and cosmetics.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing polyolefins containing vinylidine end groups from quasiliving carbocationically terminated polyolefin polymers by contacting the quasiliving carbocationically terminated polymer with quenching agent selected from the group consisting of polypyrrole, polyvinylpyridine, polyphenothiazine, polyoxazine, and polypyrrole-co-thiophene and substituted derivatives thereof.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to various methods and systems for detecting at least one impurity in a bulk fluid. In certain embodiments, the methods are performed in conjunction with a polymerization reactor system such as a gas-phase reactor system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing an aqueous polymer dispersion containing polymer particles dispersed in an aqueous medium. The process includes providing first polymer particles; adding a hydrophobic polymerization blocker or a styrenic monomer polymerization blocker to the aqueous medium containing the first polymer particles; and preparing second polymer particles in the presence of the first polymer particles. The aqueous polymer dispersion contain first polymer particles and the second polymer that differ according to at least one attribute such as particle diameter, molecular weight, composition, glass transition temperature, or morphology; or contain polymer particles having a broad polydispersity. The aqueous polymer dispersion prepared by the process of this invention is useful in a wide range of applications, including paints, adhesive, binders for nonwovens, and binders for paper coatings.

Abstract: Provided is a method comprising reacting the anionic living end of a polymer with a compound selected from the group consisting of tin halides and silicon halides to produced a polymer with a homolytically cleavable group containing a Sn—C bond or a Si—C bond. An engineered plastic may then be produced by adding the polymer containing a homolytically cleavable group containing a Sn—C bond or a Si—C bond to a solvent comprising at least one vinyl monomer; (b) optionally adding at least one additional inert solvent; (c) optionally adding additives selected from the group consisting of extender oils, modifiers, and antioxidants; and (d) initiating polymerization of the at least one vinyl monomer by the use of an initiator and/or heat, wherein a free radical is produced from the polymer containing a homolytically cleavable group containing a Sn—C bond or a Si—C bond.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for inhibiting and retarding the premature polymerization and the polymer growth of vinyl aromatic monomers wherein the method comprises adding to said monomers an effective amount of an inhibitor and retarder blend comprising: (A) at least one aromatic sulfonic acid; (B) at least one amine; (C) at least one nitrophenol; and (D) at least one member of the group consisting of nitroxy radical-containing compounds and nitrosoanilines.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for inhibiting and retarding the premature polymerization and the polymer growth of vinyl aromatic monomers wherein the method comprises adding to said monomers an effective amount of an inhibitor and retarder blend comprising: (A) at least one aromatic sulfonic acid; (B) at least one amine; (C) at least one nitrophenol; and (D) at least one member of the group consisting of nitroxy radical-containing compounds and nitrosoanilines.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for inhibiting and retarding the premature polymerization and the polymer growth of ethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising adding to said monomers an effective amount of at least one inhibitor that is a sulfonated nitrophenol of the formula: wherein: R1, R2, and R3 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, NO2, and SO3H, provided that at least one of R1, R2, and R3 is NO2 and at least one of R1, R2, and R3 is SO3H. In a preferred embodiment, at least one additional inhibitor selected from the group consisting of nitroxyl compounds, nitrosoanilines, nitrophenols, amines, and mixtures thereof is also added.

Abstract: A method for the continuous production of polydienes, the method comprising the steps of (a) charging a mixture of one or more monomer, catalyst system, and less than 50% weight percent organic solvent based on the total weight of the monomer, catalyst and solvent, into first vessel, (b) polymerizing the monomer to a conversion of up to 20% by weight of the monomer to form a mixture of reactive polymer and monomer, (c) removing the mixture of reactive polymer and monomer from the vessel, and (d) terminating the reactive polymer prior to a total monomer conversion of 25% by weight.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and composition for the chain stopping of vinyl chloride polymerization or copolymerization in the presence of a stable free nitroxyl radical and a phenolic antioxidant. A further subject of the invention is the use of a stable free nitroxyl radical together with a phenolic antioxidant as a chain stopping mixture for the vinyl chloride polymerization or copolymerization. A further aspect of the invention is the use of higher sterically hindered nitroxyl radicals alone as chain stopping agents for the vinyl chloride polymerization.

Abstract: Methods of producing vinyllactam copolymers which include: providing at least one water-soluble N-vinyllactam; providing at least one hydrophobic comonomer; and subjecting the at least one water-soluble N-vinyllactam and the at least one hydrophobic comonomer to free-radical polymerization in an organic solvent in the presence of an initiator, under a combination of process measures selected from the group consisting of A and B; wherein: (A) comprises (i) polymerization under reflux, and at least two of (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), and (vii), wherein (ii) comprises an addition of at least 5 mol % of N-vinyllactam to the polymerization mixture if at least 70 mol % of the total amount of hydrophobic monomer used have completely reacted, (iii) comprises return of condensate formed in the reflux from below to the polymerization mixture, (iv) comprises introduction of the initiator in the form of a solution in an organic solvent from below into the polymerization mixture, (v) comprises addition of N-vinyllacta

Abstract: A positive photosensitive composition comprises: a polymer compound having an acid-decomposable structure on a terminal of the polymer compound; and a compound capable of generating an acid upon irradiation with actinic ray or radiation.

Abstract: Embodiments of our invention relate to processes for transitioning among polymerization catalyst systems including processes for transitioning among olefin polymerization reactions using Ziegler-Natta catalysts systems and chromium-based catalyst systems. Among embodiments contemplated are a method of transitioning from a first catalyst to a second catalyst in an olefin polymerization reactor, comprising: adding to the reactor a deactivating agent (DA) selected from one of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, or combinations thereof; adding to the reactor a cocatalyst adsorbing agent (CAA), comprising an inorganic oxide selected from one of silica, alumina or combinations thereof; wherein the first catalyst comprises at least one conventional Ziegler-Natta catalyst, and a cocatalyst, wherein the second catalyst comprises at least one chromium-based catalyst, wherein the reactor is a gas-phase, fluidized bed reactor, and wherein the CAA is substantially free of transition metals.

Abstract: Embodiments of our invention relate generally to methods of monitoring and controlling polymerization reactions including reactions producing multimodal polymer products using multiple catalysts in a single reactor. Embodiments of the invention provide methods of rapidly monitoring and controlling polymerization reactions without the need to sample and test the polymer properties. The method uses reactor control data and material inventory data in a mathematical leading indicator function to control the reactor conditions, and thereby the products produced under those conditions.

Abstract: Processes for reducing the ultra high molecular weight polymeric material content of a high density polyethylene produced with a bis-triarylsilyl chromate catalyst system are provided. Processes for reducing the gel content of articles produced from high density polyethylene are also provided. The gel content of the articles is reduced by using the high density polyethylene with reduced ultra high molecular weight polymeric material content to produce the articles. The processes described reduce the content of ultra high molecular weight polymeric material in comparison to conventional high density polyethylene by introducing at least one catalyst deactivator into a recycle gas line containing a recycle gas stream associated with the fluidized bed reactor. The at least one catalyst deactivator has a boiling point lower than the maximum temperature within the recycle gas line.

Abstract: A method of deactivating a polymerization catalyst system comprising contacting the catalyst system with a catalyst deactivation agent wherein the catalyst system comprises an alkyl aluminum cocatalyst and the reaction of the catalyst system and catalyst deactivation agent produces reaction products that are noncorrosive, nongelatinous, or both. A method of inhibiting the polymerization of propylene comprising contacting a polymerization catalyst system with a catalyst deactivation agent wherein the catalyst system comprises an alkyl aluminum cocatalyst and the reaction of the cocatalyst and the catalyst deactivation agent produces reaction products that are noncorrosive, nongelatinous, or both. A method of deactivating a polymerization catalyst system having an alkyl aluminum cocatalyst, comprising contacting the catalyst system with an alcohol, a carboxylic acid, an alkylene glycol, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing water-absorbing polymer particles, comprising the inertization of monomer solutions, wherein the monomer solution, based on the dissolved monomer, comprises from 0.001 to 0.016% by weight of at least one polymerization inhibitor and at least 50% by volume of the inert gas used to inertize the monomer solution is transferred into the polymerization reactor together with the inertized monomer solution, and also to apparatus for performing the process.

Abstract: A method for the continuous production of polydienes, the method comprising the steps of (a) charging a mixture of one or more monomer, catalyst system, and less than 50% weight percent organic solvent based on the total weight of the monomer, catalyst and solvent, into first vessel, (b) polymerizing the monomer to a conversion of up to 20% by weight of the monomer to form a mixture of reactive polymer and monomer, (c) removing the mixture of reactive polymer and monomer from the vessel, and (d) terminating the reactive polymer prior to a total monomer conversion of 25% by weight.

Abstract: This invention is a process to manufacture high quality vinyl aromatic polymer that is essentially free of unreacted vinyl aromatic monomer using retarded anionic polymerization wherein the retardant is insoluble and can be removed from the polymerization at an intermediate stage so that the polymerization can be carried to completion in the absence of the retardant.

Abstract: The present disclosure concerns embodiments of a method of synthesizing polymers using verdazyl agents selected for their property of being moderately unstable free radicals. In one embodiment of the invention a method of synthesizing free standing polymers from suitably selected polymerizable subunits, such as monomers, is provided. In another embodiment of the invention a combination for the synthesis of free standing polymers from suitably selected polymerizable subunits using moderately unstable verdazyls is provided. Using moderately unstable verdazyls permits lower reaction temperatures and faster reaction times, while yielding polymers with low polydispersity.

Abstract: A process including: heating to a first polymerization temperature a first mixture including a free radical polymerizable monomer, a free radical initiator, and a stable free radical compound to polymerize only a portion of the monomer, resulting in a prepolymer composition; shearing a second mixture including the prepolymer composition, a continuous phase liquid, and a stabilizing compound to create a miniemulsion; and flowing the miniemulsion within a polymerization reactor and heating the miniemulsion at a second polymerization temperature to form polymeric particles wherein the formation of the polymeric particles occurs while the miniemulsion flows within the reactor.

Abstract: A multi-functional admixture for simultaneously providing specified characteristics to hydraulic cement compositions such as concrete contains one or more of specified reaction mixtures obtained by specified two processes as well as partially or completely neutralized substances obtained from such a reaction mixture through a specified third process. The specified two processes include initiating a radical copolymerization process of a radical polymerizable monomer mixture containing maleic anhydride and a monomer of a specified kind in a non-aqueous system in the presence of a non-aqueous radical initiator and stopping the radical copolymerization reaction in its midst while the inversion rate of polymerization is at a specified level by adding water to the reaction system to thereby obtain a reaction mixture. The specified third process is for partially or completely neutralizing the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A dispersing agent suitable for suspension polymerization of vinyl compounds, comprising a polyvinyl alcohol resin containing carbonyl groups in its molecule and having a block character of remaining fatty acid ester groups of at least 0.5 and an absorbance of at least 0.1 measured at each of wavelengths of 215 nm, 280 nm and 320 nm with respect to a 0.1% by weight aqueous solution of the polyvinyl alcohol resin, wherein the ratio of absorbance at 320 nm to absorbance at 280 nm is at least 0.3. The dispersing agent has an excellent surface activity and can suppress foaming which may occur in the suspension polymerization of vinyl compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of poly(?-methylstyrene) by anionic polymerization of the ?-methylstyrene monomer, said process successively comprising the following stages: a) a stage of preparation of a solution comprising the ?-methylstyrene monomer and a nonpolar aprotic solvent; b) a stage of neutralization of the solution prepared in a) comprising the addition, to this solution, of an effective amount of at least one monofunctional organometallic initiator, so as to neutralize the proton sources of the solution prepared in a); c) a stage of cooling the solution obtained in b) to a temperature of less than 0° C.

Abstract: A high-quality protective film for a dry film resist is provided. A film of a polyethylene is used as the protective film, the polyethylene being prepared by pressurizing ethylene with use of an ultra-high pressure compressor and then polymerizing the ethylene at a reaction temperature of 190° to 300° C. and a reaction pressure of not lower than 167 MPa in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator, or by pressuring ethylene with use of an ultra-high pressure compressor and then polymerizing the ethylene at a reaction temperature of 190° to 300° C. in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator while allowing a radical polymerization inhibitor to be present in the reaction system.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for controlling the architecture of copolymers of at least two unsaturated monomers, made by free-radical polymerization in the presence of a cobalt-containing chain transfer agent, including the control of molecular weight, degree of branching and vinyl end group termination, by varying at least one of the variables of molar ratio of monomers, their relative chain transfer constants, polymerization temperature and degree of conversion and amount of cobalt chain transfer agent; and polymers made thereby.

Abstract: Provided are a preparation process of a copolymer for semiconductor lithography, suited for a film forming composition used for the formation of minute patterns necessary for semiconductor fabrication, which comprises carrying out radical polymerization of at least two monomers having an ethylenic double bond in the presence of a polymerization initiator in a polymerization solvent, while causing to exist, in the solution containing the monomers, a polymerization inhibitive component; and a copolymer for semiconductor lithography prepared by the above-described process, and contains no high polymer, has excellent storage stability and generates remarkably less defects in resist pattern when used for semiconductor lithography.

Abstract: A process is provided that produces polyolefins. The process comprises mixing a first stream, which comprises at least one catalyst deactivating agent, with a second stream, which comprises at least one polyolefin, at least one catalyst, at least one diluent, and at least one monomer, to produce a third stream, which comprises at least one polyolefin, at least one deactivated catalyst, at least one diluent, and at least one monomer. By utilizing the deactivating agent, polymerization can be slowed, or substantially stopped, when downstream equipment is being repaired or process control problems are being corrected. Later, polymerization can be restarted without the use of scavengers to remove poisons from the slurry polymerization reactor, and polyolefin production can be resumed.

Abstract: A metallocene catalyst may be temporarily and reversibly passivated by contact with an effective amount of a passivating compound selected from the group of oxygen, oxygen-containing compounds, and nitrogen-containing compounds.

Abstract: Multi-stage process for the polymerization of olefins CH2?CHR, where R is hydrogen or a C1–C10 alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl radical, comprising: (I) a first polymerization stage carried out in the presence of a catalyst comprising the product of the reaction between an alkyl-Al compound and a solid component comprising at least one compound of transition metal M1 not containing M1-? bonds, thus obtaining a porous polymer, (II) a treatment stage, wherein said porous polymer is contacted with a compound capable of deactivating the catalyst used in stage (I) and with a late transition metal complex; and (III) a second stage of polymerization, carried out in the presence of the product obtained from treatment stage (II).

Abstract: The invention relates to a latex that may be utilized as a binder for nonwoven applications to form a permeable sublayer of personal hygiene articles. The latex is prepared by a process including the steps of (1) polymerizing a monomer mixture comprising styrene, itaconic acid, surfactant and water soluble free radical initiator to form a seed; (2) sequentially adding equal increments of a monomer mixture of styrene, butadiene and acrylic acid to the seed under emulsion polymerization conditions to form a styrene-butadiene-acrylic acid copolymer; and then (3) neutralizing the styrene-butadiene-acrylic acid copolymer to a pH of about 4.5 to 7 to form the latex.

Abstract: A diene rubber (A) having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 100,000 to 3,000,000, an Mw/number average molecular weight (Mn) ratio of 1.30 to 2.50, and an Mw/peak top molecular weight (Mp) ratio 0.70 to 1.30. A rubber composition comprising the diene rubber (A) and a diene rubber (B) having an Mw of 2,000 to 90,0000 and/or an oil extender for rubber has good processability and can give a rubber vulcanizate having high tensile strength and good abrasion resistance. The diene rubber (A) is produced by conducting a living polymerization of diene monomer in a hydrocarbon solvent; adding a polymerization stopper to a polymerization mixture at a conversion of 5 to 98% to deactivate 10 to 90% by mole of active terminals present as of the initiation of polymerization; and finally adding a polymerization stopper to completely terminate the polymerization reaction.

Abstract: A process is provided that produces polyolefins.

Abstract: Continuous gas-phase polymerization process for preparing ethylene and propene homopolymers and copolymers, in which ethylene, propene or mixtures comprising ethylene or propene and C3-C8-?-monoolefins are polymerized in the polymerization zone of a gas-phase polymerization reactor at from 30 to 125° C. and pressures of from 1 to 100 bar in the gas phase in a bed comprising finely divided polymer in the presence of a catalyst. To remove the heat of polymerization, the reactor gas is circulated and firstly passes through a cyclone after leaving the reactor. To prevent polymer deposits in the circulating gas system, a catalyst poison having a boiling point above the maximum temperature within the circulating gas system is fed into this circulating gas system at a position between the reactor and the cyclone.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of linear polymers or block copolymers of styrene by anionic polymerization comprises carrying out the chain termination with an n-alkyl glycidyl ether or a dialkyl ketone.

Abstract: A polymer scale preventive agent for use in the polymerization of a monomer containing an ethylenic double bond is provided. The agent includes (A) a condensation reaction product obtained by reacting an aldehyde compound and a hydroxynaphthalene-based compound in the presence of a reducing agent, and (B) a polymer compound containing a nitrogen atom. This agent is capable of forming a coating with satisfactory scale prevention properties on inner wall surfaces of a polymerization vessel with a single-stage application, enabling the production process time to be shortened and the productivity and quality of polymeric products improved.

Abstract: Processes for transitioning among polymerization catalyst systems, preferably catalyst systems that are incompatible with each other. In particular, the processes relate to transitioning among olefin polymerization reactions utilizing Ziegler-Natta catalyst systems, metallocene catalyst systems and other MAO-based single site catalyst systems.