Abstract: Disclosed is a phosphorus-containing compound capable of serving as a flame retardant to be used in conjunction with other ingredients to make resin compositions, useful for fabricating such as a prepreg, a resin film, a resin film with copper foil, a laminate or a printed circuit board, having improved one or more properties including glass transition temperature, coefficient of thermal expansion, thermal resistance, flame retardancy, dielectric constant, and dissipation factor. In addition, a method of preparing the phosphorus-containing compound and a resin composition comprising the phosphorus-containing compound are also disclosed.

Abstract: A composite material joined with a curable phenolic resin adhesive, with the phenolic resin adhesive comprising a stiffening agent precursor, and with the stiffening agent precursor selected to react with reaction by-products of the phenolic resin adhesive during curing to produce a reaction product stiffening agent in a cured bonding layer that is detectable by ultrasound, resins comprising the stiffening agent precursor, bonding layers comprising the reaction product stiffening agent, and methods for making the composite material joints and inspecting the composite material joints are disclosed.

Abstract: A method of manufacture of novolac-type phenol resin, wherein phenols and aldehydes are allowed to react with each other, a water-soluble organic phosphonic acid is used as a reaction catalyst, and a tertiary phosphine compound is used as a reaction promoter. It is preferable that the aforementioned organic phosphonic acid have the structure shown in the following general formula (1): R—PO(OH)2??(1) (R is a group which contains a carbon atom, and which contains —COON and/or —PO(OH)2).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a production process for a phenols novolac resin obtained by reacting phenols with formaldehydes, wherein they are reacted in the presence of a metal compound used as a catalyst for the reaction described above, and a chelating agent is further added in order to deactivate a catalytic action of the metal compound and a resin-coated sand prepared by using the above phenols novolac resin. It is possible to provide a process for producing a phenols novolac resin having an ortho rate of 30 to 60%, suitably 40 to 55% at a good yield (70% or more) and a resin-coated sand having a high curing property prepared by using the above phenols novolac resin.

Abstract: A method of manufacture of novolac-type phenol resin, wherein phenols and aldehydes are allowed to react with each other, a water-soluble organic phosphonic acid is used as a reaction catalyst, and a tertiary phosphine compound is used as a reaction promoter. It is preferable that the aforementioned organic phosphonic acid have the structure shown in the following general formula (1): R—PO(OH)2 ??(1) (R is a group which contains a carbon atom, and which contains —COON and/or —PO(OH)2).

Abstract: In a hybrid vehicle, control is executed to operate an engine with fuel injection being performed, when an unexecuted percentage of catalyst degradation suppression control is equal to or greater than a threshold value of the unexecuted percentage, when a power storage percentage of a battery is equal to or greater than a threshold value of the power storage percentage and the battery is charging, and also when a vehicle speed is equal to or greater than a threshold value of the vehicle speed and a cumulative air amount is equal to or greater than a threshold value of the cumulative air amount, when a catalyst temperature is less than a first threshold temperature and equal to or greater than a second threshold temperature, when the catalyst temperature is equal to or greater than the first threshold temperature, when there is a braking request while the engine is operating.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a production process for a phenols novolac resin obtained by reacting phenols with formaldehydes, wherein they are reacted in the presence of a metal compound used as a catalyst for the reaction described above, and a chelating agent is further added in order to deactivate a catalytic action of the metal compound and a resin-coated sand prepared by using the above phenols novolac resin. It is possible to provide a process for producing a phenols novolac resin having an ortho rate of 30 to 60%, suitably 40 to 55% at a good yield (70% or more) and a resin-coated sand having a high curing property prepared by using the above phenols novolac resin.

Abstract: A phenolic novolak having the contents of a monomeric phenol and a dimeric phenol and a degree of dispersion controlled can be obtained in high yield by a process for production of a phenolic novolak having a step of conducting a heterogeneous reaction of a phenol and an aldehyde in the presence of a phosphoric acid and an unreactive oxygen-containing organic solvent as a reaction cosolvent.

Abstract: A phenolic resin having not more than 5 wt% of free bisphenol and a molecular weight distribution Mw/Mn of not more than 2.0 is prepared by reacting a bisphenol and aldehyde in the presence of an alkaline catalyst at a temperature of from 0° C. to 100° C., neutralizing with an acid, adding an acid to adjust the pH to from 0 to 6, heating to a temperature of from 50° C. to 200° C, and vacuuming to recover the phenolic resin.

Abstract: A process for production of phenolic novolak which comprises the step of conducting heterogeneous reaction of a phenol with 0.40 to 0.93 mol of an aldehyde per mol of the phenol in the presence of at least 25 parts by mass of a phosphoric acid per 100 parts by mass of the phenol. This process can give in high yield phenolic novolak with the contents of monomeric and dimeric phenols and a degree of dispersion controlled.

Abstract: This invention relates to a resin composition capable of being thermally cured while minimizing or eliminating voids in the resulting composite, the composition having both a long pot life at low temperatures and a fast curing rate at higher temperatures containing a mixture of (a) a phenol-formaldehyde resole resin, and (b) an etherified hardener, the etherified hardener being prepared from an alkoxylated polyol or a mono epoxy functional diluent.

Abstract: A process for preparing an emulsion is disclosed. The process entails mixing an aqueous mineral acid that contains phosphorous in an organic solvent, the mixing being continuous and with the degree of intensity sufficient to form a homogeneous emulsion. The emulsion prepared by the process is useful in the process of preparing polycarbonate by the interfacial process. Accordingly the washed organic polycarbonate that has been washed without the use of a phosphorous containing mineral acid solution is mixed with the novel emulsion. The resulting polycarbonate is characterized by its improved thermal stability.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of copolymers of formaldehyde and diphenyl oxide and a carboxylic acid uses and acid with a pKa in the range of 1.2 to 3 as the catalyst.

Abstract: Resols modified with organic phosphonic acids and/or phosphinic acids or their alkali and/or alkaline-earth metal salts obtained by reacting phenolic compounds and aldehyde in an alkaline medium in a molar ratio of the phenolic compounds to the aldehyde in a range from 1:0.3 to 1:6, with the reaction mixture comprising 0.1 to 10 percent by weight of at least one organic phosphonic acids and/or phosphinic acids or their alkali and/or alkaline-earth metal salts.

Abstract: A novolak-type phenol resin with less unreacted phenol and a narrow molecular weight distribution is produced in high yield by reaction of a phenol with an aldehyde using an organophosphonic acid as a catalyst, while keeping a water concentration of reaction system at not more than 30% by weight and a reaction temperature at 110° C.-200° C.

Abstract: A novolak-type phenol resin with less unreacted phenol and a narrow molecular weight distribution is produced in high yield by reaction of a phenol with an aldehyde using an organophosphonic acid as a catalyst, while keeping a water concentration of reaction system at not more than 30% by weight and a reaction temperature at 110° C.-200° C.

Abstract: This invention relates to a resin composition capable of being thermally cured having both a long pot life at low temperatures and a fast curing rate at higher temperatures containing a mixture of (a) a phenol-formaldehyde resole resin, and (b) a latent curing agent selected from a particular class of nitrogen-containing acidic phosphorus compounds made from either phosphoric acid or phosphorous acid.

Abstract: A composition useful as a powder coating comprises an epoxy resin and a novolak compound or resin having a structure obtained from the reaction of a substituted phenol such as cresol and an aldehyde to form a substituted bis(hydroxymethyl) phenol intermediate which is then reacted with a polyhydroxyphenol containing adjacent hydroxyl groups such as catechol to yield a polyhydroxyphenol-endcapped novolak compound or resin.

Abstract: Urea-modified, highly reactive phenolic resins useful as center-layer bonding agents in the manufacture of particleboard are provided by condensing phenol and formaldehyde until shortly before gelation takes place such that, after addition of urea, relatively low-alkaline, urea-modified phenolic resins are obtained which my optionally be stored and to which, shortly before processing them into glues for center-layer particles, alkali is added in sufficient quantities to ensure rapid cross-linking of the phenolic resin.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel thermoset copolymers, and methods for preparing same, having both the strength and the thermo-oxidative stability required for high performance, high temperature applications. The copolymers comprise (a) a thermoplastic resin having unreacted phenolic OH groups, and (b) bis-oxazoline monomers which have been modified to have at least one substituent on the oxazoline ring selected from the group consisting of a methyl group, a group having at least a substituent capable of undergoing addition polymerization, and a cyclic group capable of undergoing ring opening polymerization.

Abstract: Novel bisoxazoline monomers and novel bisoxazoline-novolak thermoset polymeric systems made therewith which have increased flame resistance.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for producing water insoluble, aqueous alkali soluble novolak resins having a precise and consistent molecular weight, by adjusting the concentration of Lewis base. A method is also provided for producing photoresist composition from such novolak resins and for producing semiconductor devices using such photoresist compositions.

Abstract: A composition comprising a phosphorus containing acid and an ester of a phosphorus containing acid useful for imparting improved physical and chemical properties to polymers containing polyesters, copolyester carbonates, polycarbonates, and mixtures thereof, a method of treating said polymers with said composition, and articles of manufacture comprising said polymers and said composition.

Abstract: This invention relates to aromatic oligomeric compounds useful in the treatment of cardiovascular, bone metabolic, hypolipidaemic, neuronal, gastrointestinal and elastase-mediated connective tissue degradation disorders and disorders which may be treated by agents effective in binding DNA, to processes for preparation of such oligomeric compounds, to pharmaceutical compositions including such oligomeric compounds, and to their use in the treatment of such disorders.

Abstract: A latent catalyzed phenolic resin composition is provided containing a thermosetting phenolic resole resin and a latent catalyst consisting essentially of a primary or secondary amine salt of a strong acid.

Abstract: A reaction of the compound (A) having at least two 2-oxazoline groups with the compound (B) having at least two functional groups of one or a plural kind selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydroxyl group, an amino group and a thiol group proceeds in a short period of time to produce a cured resin with superior mechanical strength, heat resistance and adhesion properties.

Abstract: A latent catalyzed phenolic resin composition is provided containing a thermosetting phenolic resole resin and a latent catalyst consisting essentially of a primary or secondary amine salt of a strong acid.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst system which improves the cure time of acid-catalyzable resole resins while providing extended shelf life thereof. Broadly, the present invention includes a method for formulating an acid-catalyzed, non-aqueous resole resin composition and to the composition itself. The catalyst system comprises an acid catalyst and an oxidizing agent in an amount adequate for cure in at least about the same time that occurs by use of at least twice the amount of said acid catalyst alone. The shelf life of the catalyzed resole resin is greater with the inventive catalyst system than with an equivalent resole resin containing only the acid catalyst in twice the amount.

Abstract: A process for producing a cross-linked resin which comprises: reacting at least one phenolic reactant selected from the group consisting of(a) a compound having phenolic hydroxyls and having the general formula:HO--Ar--OHwherein Ar represents a divalent aromatic group composed of single or condensed aromatic rings, or a divalent aromatic group composed of two or more aromatic rings connected by C--C covalent bond, or a divalent aromatic group composed of two or more aromatic rings connected by a divalent hydrocarbon group or a divalent group selected from the group consisting of carbonyl, thioether, ether and amide group, and wherein the aromatic ring may bear additional hydroxyls or substituents which are inactive to the bis(2-oxazoline) compound, and(b) a polymer having not less than two phenolic hydroxyls in the molecule.

Abstract: Compositions have melting points below 100.degree. C. which are useful in the formation of resins by reaction with polyphenolic compounds consisting of a mixture of more than two compounds having the formula ##STR1## wherein A represents a cyclic or acyclic aliphatic or substituted cyclic or acyclic aliphatic moiety having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an aromatic mono- or multi-nuclear or aliphatic substituted aryl residue having from 6 to 20 carbon atoms,R independently represents H, CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3 or C.sub.6 H.sub.5,R.sup.1 independently represents H or CH.sub.3,R.sup.2 independently represents H or CH.sub.3, andx represents an integer from 0 to 2are described.

Abstract: A polymerizable thermosetting composition which is a flowable liquid at moderate temperatures which comprises a mixture of:(A) from about 75% to about 95% by weight of a mixture of:(1) from about 80% to about 20% by weight of a bisoxazoline and(2) from about 20% to about 80% by weight of a polyphenolic compound and(B) from about 5% to about 25% by weight of at least one member selected from the group consisting of a monooxazoline and a monooxazine,a method for forming thermoset products therefrom and the novel thermoset products resulting from said method are described.

Abstract: Condensation polymers of high molecular weight, such as polymers, polyureas, and polyamides, are usually prepared at temperatures of 200.degree. C. or greater. However, by utilizing the catalyst system of the present invention condensation polymers can be synthesized at much lower temperatures. These catalyst systems are comprised of (1) a silicon-phosphorus composition which contains at least one divalent oxygen atom which is bonded directly to a tetravalent silicon atom and a trivalent or pentavalent phosphorus atom; and (2) at least one acid acceptor. For example, P(OSiR.sub.3).sub.3 wherein R can be an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical, can be used in conjunction with a basic solvent as a catalyst system. Polymeric agents having pendant diphenylphosphine dichloride groups can also be used in conjunction with an acid acceptor as a catalyst system.

Abstract: A process for the copolymerization of bis-2-oxazolines and polyphenolic compounds at greatly improved rates comprising carrying out the copolymerization in the presence of from about 0.5 to about 5% by weight of a phosphine catalyst is described.

Abstract: A process for preparing copolymers of a mixture of a bis-oxazoline and a polyphenolic compound at improved rate of copolymerization by the inclusion of a catalytic amount of a carbonium ion salt of the formula Ph.sub.3 CX wherein Ph represents a phenyl group and X represents BF.sub.4, PF.sub.6, SbF.sub.6, AsF.sub.6, BPh.sub.4 or ClO.sub.4, is described.

Abstract: Phenol resins which are modified with compounds possessing amide and/or imide groups and are based on phenol resol ethers bonded via o,o'-methylene ether groups, and a process for their preparation.The novel modified phenol resol ethers are useful for the preparation of coating systems, in particular as crosslinking agents for cathodic electrocoating binders, and for the preparation of adhesives and rubber assistants.

Abstract: The process for preparing a polymeric composition at improved rate comprising reacting an oxazoline compound and a phenolic compound in the presence of a catalytic amount of a phosphorous acid ester is described.

Abstract: Condensation polymers of high molecular weight, such as polyesters, polyureas, and polyamides, are usually prepared at temperatures of 200.degree. C. or greater. However, by utilizing the catalyst system of the present invention condensation polymers can be synthesized at much lower temperatures. These catalyst systems are comprised of (1) a silicon-phosphorus composition which contains at least one divalent oxygen atom which is bonded directly to a tetravalent silicon atom and a trivalent or pentavalent phosphorus atom; and (2) at least one acid acceptor. For example, P(OSiR.sub.3).sub.3 wherein R can be an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical, can be used in conjunction with a basic solvent as a catalyst system. Polymeric agents having pendant diphenylphosphine dichloride groups can also be used in conjunction with an acid acceptor as a catalyst system.

Abstract: Polymerizable compositions contain (A) a cationically polymerizable material, such as an epoxide resin, a phenoplast or a cyclic vinyl ether, (B) a hydroxy compound such as styreneallyl alcohol copolymer, and (c) an aromatic iodosyl salt of formula ##STR1## where R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, which may be the same or different, each represent a monovalent aromatic radical having from 4 to 25 carbon atoms, x denotes 1, 2 or 3, and Z.sup.x- denotes an x-valent anion of a protic acid.Suitable salts of formula II include diphenyliodosyl hexafluorophosphate and tetrafluoroborate. The compositions may be photopolymerized or they may be thermally polymerized in the presence, as catalyst for the iodosyl salt, of a salt or complex of a d-block transition metal, a stannous salt, an organic peroxide or an activated .alpha.-hydroxy compound.The compositions may be used as surface coatings and adhesives, and in the preparation of printing plates, printed circuits and reinforced composites.

Abstract: A method for a condensate of an aldehyde compound and a phenol compound, said method comprising dispersing a viscous condensate obtained by the reaction of an aldehyde compound with a phenol compound into cold water or hot water by the aid of a dispersing agent, and then solidifying said condensate.

Abstract: Catalysts for foundry core binders prepared by reacting polyphosphoric acid with an alcohol.

Abstract: A fast curing shell molding composition having the tensile strength of a conventional novolac resin when cured contains a fast curing novolac resin comprising a methylene chained polyphenylol wherein a major portion of the methylene linkages are coupled to adjacent phenylol groups at the o-o' and p-p' position, wherein at least about 19% of the methylene linkages are coupled to adjacent phenylol groups at the o-o' portions, and wherein at least about 3% of the total number of methylene linkages are coupled to adjacent phenylol groups at the p-p' positions. The shell molding composition is produced from the fast curing novolac resin by uniformly coating refractory granules with the fast curing resin. The fast curing novolac resin can be prepared by blending a conventional novolac resin with a novolac resin having a large proportion of methylene linkages coupled to adjacent phenylol groups at the o-o' position.

Abstract: New aromatic sulfonylsulfoxonium salts are of formula ##STR1## where q is 1 to 4,R denotes an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, or aromatic group,R.sup.6 denotes H, an alkyl or aralkyl group, or a group --COR.sup.9, --CO--NH--(CO).sub.r --R.sup.10, or --SO.sub.2 --R.sup.11, where r is zero or 1,one, but not both, of R and R.sup.6 denoting an aromatic group,R.sup.7 denotes an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, or aralkyl group,R.sup.8 has the same meaning as R.sup.7 but may alternatively represent a dialkylamino group or, if R.sup.7 denotes alkyl, it may alternatively represent an arylamino group,R.sup.9, R.sup.10, and R.sup.11 each denote an alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl radical of 1 to 25 carbon atoms,t is 1, 2, or 3, andZ.sup.- denotes a t-valent anion of a protic acid.The salts, e.g., dimethyl-p-toluenesulfonylmethylsufoxonium hexafluorophosphate, are useful as catalysts for the polymerization of cationically polymerizable materials by means of actinic radiation and/or heat.

Abstract: Certain aryloxyphosphonium salts have been found to be effective as curing agents for various cationically polymerizable organic materials, such as epoxy resins, when incorporated into such materials. The materials are found to be moisture curable coating compositions.

Abstract: Substances (I) capable of being converted into higher-molecular weight materials under the influence of a cationic catalyst, such as 1,2-epoxides, aminoplasts, vinyl monomers or prepolymers, or phenoplasts, are so converted by exposure to actinic radiation in the presence of a sulphoxonium salt (II) of formula ##STR1## where P denotes zero or 1,R.sup.6 denotes an arylene or aralkylene group,R.sup.7 denotes --H or a group of formula ##STR2## R.sup.8 denotes an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, or aralkyl group,R.sup.9 has the same meaning as R.sup.8 but may alternatively represent a dialkylamino group or, if R.sup.8 represents an alkyl group, R.sup.9 may represent an arylamino group,R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 each independently have the same meaning as R.sup.8 but may also each denote --H,r represents 1, 2, or 3,Z.sup.r- denotes an r-valent anion of a protic acid, and q denotes zero when p denotes zero, or zero or 1 when p denotes 1.

Abstract: Cationically polymerizable compounds, for example cyclic ethers, can be thermally polymerised if an aromatic iodonium salt of the formula I[(Ar.sup.1)(Ar.sup.2)I].sup.+ [MX.sub.n ].sup.- (I)in which Ar.sup.1 Ar.sup.2, M, X and n are as defined in claim 1, is used as the catalyst and an agent which forms free radicals on heating and has the formula III or IV ##STR1## in which R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.8 and m are as defined in claim 1, for example a benzpinacol silyl ether, is used as the co-catalyst. The process is of particular importance for heat-curing epoxide resins as a one-component system.

Abstract: Catalysts for foundry core binders prepared by reacting polyphosphoric acid with an alcohol.

Abstract: Substances (I) capable of being converted into higher-molecular weight materials under the influence of a cationic catalyst, such as 1,2-epoxides, aminoplasts, vinyl monomers or prepolymers, or phenoplasts, are so converted by exposure to actinic irradiation or by heating in the presence of an aryloxysulfoxonium salt of formula ##STR1## where either R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 separately denote lower alkyl (optionally substituted by halogen and interrupted in the chain by --O-- or --SO.sub.2 --), or an aryl or aryloxy group, or R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 together denote a divalent group forming with the S atom a heterocyclic radical; R.sup.8 denotes an aryl group; M denotes an atom of a metal or metalloid; X denotes a halogen atom; and n is 4, 5, or 6, for instance,p-chlorophenoxy-p-tolyl-p-phenoxysulfoxonium hexafluorophosphate and 1-phenoxy-1-oxidotetrahydrothiophenium tetrafluorborate.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of resol resins by reacting bisphenol A with 1.2 to 1.8 moles of formaldehyde in the presence of n-butanol or isobutanol and in the presence of a tri-alkali metal phosphate as a catalyst, and their use, optionally combined with epoxy resins, for the preparation of deep-drawable, sterilizable and chemically resistant lacquer films.

Abstract: Improved friction elements suited for use for example in an automotive or similar brake or in a clutch are provided by employing therein as a binder the reaction product of phenol, formaldehyde, and monoalkylphenol having from 4 to about 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl group. The mole ratio range of phenol:alkylphenol:formaldehyde is about 2:1-5:1-7 and the number of moles of phenol and alkylphenol combined exceeds the number of moles of formaldehyde. An improved method of making friction elements is also provided which uses such binder.

Abstract: An acid agent comprises a liquid water-insoluble product of concurrent reaction of:(a) one mole of an hydroxy(R)-methyl derivative of phenol in which 0.4-2.0 moles of HO--CH(R)-groups are present per one mole of phenol, wherein R equals H--, CH.sub.3 --, or(b) one mole of phenol and 0.3-2.0 moles of an aldehyde and(c) 0.03-100.0 moles of an aryl sulphonic acid, having an acid number from 10 to 300 (mg.KOH/g) with a maximum water content of 35% by weight.The process of reacting said components is conducted in a flow reactor for 0.1-10 minutes at 50.degree.-150.degree. C.The acid agent according to the invention may be modified with other substances, such as amines, alcohols, or acids to impart additional useful properties thereto. The acid agent has low viscosity, low corrosive activity, improves the strength of phenol-formaldehyde resins cured therewith by 30% and lowers their water absorption capacity by 2-10 times.