Abstract: The present invention relates generally to substrates for making polymers and methods for making polymers. The present invention also relates generally to polymers and devices comprising the same.

Abstract: A dispersing resin for conventional solventborne pigment preparations having a low to very low proportion of volatile organic substances is provided. Further provided are solventborne coating materials containing the dispersing resin. Uses include paints, varnishes, adhesives, inks or printing inks, and compositions for coloring of plastics. The pigment preparations produced with these resins are free of yellowing, stable to weathering, of low viscosity and intensely colored.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to photoactive resins employed in radiation curable compositions and ink. The radiation curable compositions include mono or multi-functional acrylates, an amine and the above-mentioned photoactive resin. Radiation curable inks at least include the components of the radiation curable composition in addition to colorants.

Abstract: Provided are spunbond polyester mats using an improved curable composition. The curable composition comprises a reaction product of an amine and a reactant in the form of an amino-amide intermediate. To the amino-amide is added an aldehyde or ketone to form the curable binder composition. The composition when used as a binder in the mat is cured to form a water-insoluble binder which exhibits good adhesion and thermodimensional stability.

Abstract: Provided are nonwoven polymeric fiber webs using an improved curable composition. Such curable composition comprises a reaction product of an amine and a reactant in the form of an amino-amide intermediate. To the amino-amide is added an aldehyde or ketone to form the curable binder composition. The composition when applied to the polymeric fibers is cured to form a water-insoluble polymer binder which exhibits good adhesion and thermo-dimensional stability.

Abstract: A cellulose acylate film, containing an acyl-modified compound of a reduction product of a ketone compound-formaldehyde polymer, a polarizing plate containing the film as transparent protective film, and a liquid crystal display device having the polarizing plate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing an MEK-modified resorcinol-formalin resin, in which recovery and reuse of the specific raw materials (water, calcium chloride, and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)), and methanol contained in formalin, are carried out in parallel. Using this closed-system recycle production method, a resorcinol-formalin resin aqueous solution can be obtained, wherein the resin aqueous solution has a reaction product concentration of from 30 to 80%, moderate flowability with a pH of 6 to 10, a calcium chloride concentration of 100 ppm or less, a peak area corresponding to a resorcinol monomer of from 3 to 9% to the entire peak area obtained by gel permeation chromatography analysis, and a peak area corresponding to resorcinol pentanuclear or higher nuclear bodies of from 30 to 55% to the entire peak.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of the cement compositions comprise water, a cement, and a fluid loss control additive, the fluid loss control additive comprising a graft copolymer. The graft copolymer comprises a backbone and at least four grafted monomers selected from the group consisting of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, acrylamide, acrylic acid, vinylphosphonic acid, diallyldimethylammonium chloride, and salts thereof. The backbone of the graft copolymer comprises a humic acid salt. Methods of cementing using exemplary embodiments of the cement compositions are also provided.

Abstract: A resin is based on ketones and aldehydes and is prepared in methanol or ethanol in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst. The resin features a very broad solubility and low intrinsic color.

Abstract: Recovery and reuse method of the specific raw materials (MEK, methanol and calcium chloride) used in the production of an MEK-modified resorcinol-formalin resin is provided. Furthermore, it is an object to stabilize quality by controlling a calcium chloride concentration in the MEK-modified resin to 100 ppm or less by partially improving the production steps. In a water solvent, resorcinol, a recovered calcium chloride aqueous solution, and a recovered MEK are added and stirred to form a two-phase system, and after adding a hydrochloric acid catalyst, formalin is added dropwise to the reaction system to allow a liquid-liquid heterogeneous reaction to proceed. It is allowed to stand to separate into two layers, and after removing an aqueous layer (0), water is added to an MEK layer (0) to sufficiently wash with water. It is allowed to stand to separate into two layers, and the aqueous layer (1) is removed.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of the cement compositions comprise water, a cement, and a fluid loss control additive, the fluid loss control additive comprising a graft copolymer. The graft copolymer comprises a backbone and at least four grafted monomers selected from the group consisting of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, acrylamide, acrylic acid, vinylphosphonic acid, diallyldimethylammonium chloride, and salts thereof. The backbone of the graft copolymer comprises a humic acid salt. Methods of cementing using exemplary embodiments of the cement compositions are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to formaldehyde-free, carbonyl- and ring-hydrogenated ketone-aldehyde resins based on alkyl aryl ketones and formaldehyde and having a low OH-functionality, a low fraction of crystallisable compounds, low viscosity, very low colour number, and very high heat stability and light stability, and also to a process for preparing them.

Abstract: The invention relates to formaldehyde-free, OH-functional, carbonyl- and ring-hydrogenated ketone-aldehyde resins based on alkyl aryl ketones and formaldehyde and having a low fraction of crystallisable compounds, low viscosity, very low colour number, broad solubility, and very high heat stability and light stability, and also to a process for preparing them.

Abstract: The invention relates to formaldehyde-free, carbonyl-hydrogenated ketone-aldehyde resins based on formaldehyde and having a low fraction of crystallizable compounds, low viscosity, very low color number, and very high heat stability and light stability, and also to a process for preparing them.

Abstract: A radiation-curable resin, containing a reaction product of A) at least one ketone-aldehyde resin; and/or B) at least one urea-aldehyde resin; and C) at least one compound having at least one ethylenically unsaturated moiety and at least one moiety which is reactive toward A) and/or B), is prepared by reacting components A), B) and C).

Abstract: A process for preparing ketone-formaldehyde resins, especially acetophenone- and cyclohexanone-formaldehyde resins, having a low water content and high thermal stability and yellowing resistance, and a process for their production and their use.

Abstract: The invention described herein provides ketone-aldehyde resins, especially cyclohexanone-formaldehyde resins, with low water content and high thermal stability and yellowing resistance, and to a process for preparing them and their use.

Abstract: The invention is to provide a polymer, having a high affinity to water, is liquid in spite of being a polymer, simultaneously possesses also a thermal stability and is suitably used as a heating medium or a lubricant. It is the polyacetal (co)polymer, being liquid at room temperature, prepared by copolymerizing (A) 75 to 100 mol % of 1,3-dioxolane and (B) 25 to 0 mol % of trioxane and having the total amount of terminal groups of 15 to 300 mmol/kg and an amount of a hemiformal terminal group of 80 mmol/kg or less.

Abstract: Poly(3-cyclopropyl-3-hydroxypropionates) (I) which are useful for the preparation of vinylcyclopropane and cyclopropylacetylene are disclosed. Methods for the preparation of a variety of intermediates obtained from (I) such as 3-cyclopropyl-3-hydroxypropionic acid and esters and salts thereof, 3-cyclopropylacrylic acid, and vinylcyclopropane also are disclosed.

Abstract: Unsubstituted oxepane-diones useful as monomers for the production of polymers, process for the synthesis thereof by oxidation of unsubstituted cyclohexanediones, process for the preparation of polyesterketone polymers by polymerization of cyclic esterketones and polyesterketone polymers so obtained.

Abstract: Improved anti-reflective coating compositions for use in integrated circuit manufacturing processes and methods of forming these compositions are provided. Broadly, the compositions are formed by heating a solution comprising a compound including specific compounds (e.g., alkoxy alkyl melamines, alkoxy alkyl benzoguanamines) under acidic conditions so as to polymerize the compounds and form polymers having an average molecular weight of at least about 1,000 Daltons. The monomers of the resulting polymers are joined to one another via linkage groups (e.g., —CH2—, —CH2—O—CH2—) which are bonded to nitrogen atoms on the respective monomers. The polymerized compound is mixed with a solvent and applied to a substrate surface after which it is baked to form an anti-reflective layer. The resulting layer has high k values, improved etch rates, and can be formulated for both conformal and planar applications.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process which comprises reacting a polymer of the general formula ##STR1## wherein x is an integer of 0 or 1, A is one of several specified groups, such as ##STR2## B is one of several specified groups, such as ##STR3##

Abstract: Proposed is a novel undercoating composition to form an undercoating layer interposed between the surface of a substrate and a photoresist layer with an object to decrease the adverse influences by the reflection of light on the substrate surface in the pattern-wise exposure of the photoresist layer to ultraviolet light without the undesirable phenomena of intermixing between layers and notching along with a large selectivity ratio in the etching rates between the patterned resist layer and the undercoating layer in a dry-etching treatment. The undercoating composition comprises (A) an ultraviolet absorber which is a benzophenone compound or an aromatic azomethine compound each having at least one unsubstituted or alkyl-substituted amino group on the aryl groups and (B) a crosslinking agent which is preferably a melamine compound having at least two methylol groups or alkoxymethyl groups bonded to the nitrogen atoms in a molecule in a weight proportion (A):(B) in the range from 1:1 to 1:10.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a condensation resin of low catalyst content from a ketone and an aldehyde comprising reacting the ketone and aldehyde in a polycondensation reaction in an aqueous medium in the presence of a basic catalyst to form the resin, which is contaminated with alkali ions from the basic catalyst, and then exposing the resin to an electrical field in a cell demarcated by ion-selective membranes permeable to the alkali ions whereby alkali ions are caused to migrate out of the resin through the membranes. Also, a process for the removal of alkali from condensation resins as described above.

Abstract: Graft polymers of ketone-aldehyde condensation and co-condensation products and/or the monovalent or polyvalent metal compounds thereof are described, in which condensation product consistsa) of symmetrical or asymmetrical ketones containing aliphatic, araliphatic, cyclic or aromatic hydro-carbon radicals with at least one nonaromatic radical,b) an aldehyde of the formula R--(CHO).sub.n, wherein n=1 to 2 and R can be hydrogen or an aliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic radical, andc) optionally of carboxyl, sulpho, sulphamido, sulphoxy, sulphoalkylamine or sulphoalkyloxy groups,to which product anionic and/or nonionic and/or cationic unsaturated monomers have been grafted. These graft polymers are outstandingly suitable as dispersants for inorganic binder suspensions and solutions, for aqueous clay suspensions and solutions or coal/water suspensions, as retention agents, thickeners, in particular for aqueous systems, and as agents for preventing the swelling of clay in aqueous systems.

Abstract: When a cement dispersant comprising a polymer which is obtained by co-condensating monomers comprising monomer (A) and monomer (B) with formaldehyde, or a salt obtained by neutralizing the polymer, wherein the monomer (A) is an aromatic compound having, on the average, 1 to 300 mol per molecule of at least one member selected from the group consisting of oxyethylene group and oxypropylene group, and the monomer (B) is an aromatic compound having a carboxyl group; or another cement dispersant comprising a polymer which is obtained by co-condensating monomers comprising the above-described monomer (A), the above-described monomer (B) and monomer (C) which is an aromatic compound having a sulfonic acid group with formaldehyde, or a salt obtained by neutralizing the polymer is used as one component of a hydraulic composition, the fluidity of the hydraulic composition is maintained for a long time. Therefore, no trouble on transportation is caused during the force feeding of the hydraulic composition with a pump.

Abstract: Disclosed are a novel lactone-modified diketene (meth)acrylate compound having an active methylene group in the molecule and a process for the preparation thereof.The novel lactone-modified diketene(meth)acrylate compound of the present invention can be preferably used as resins for coatings, adhesives, inks, photosensitive materials for photographs, dispersants for pigments, agents for processing fibers, and modifiers for rubbers.Furthermore, disclosed is a novel (co)polymer which comprises the novel lactone-modified diketene(meth)acrylate compound and, optionally, a polymerizable monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated double bond.Still further, disclosed is a curable composition which comprises a lactone-modified diketene(meth)acrylate compound and at least one selected from the group consisting of a melamine, an isocyanate, and aldehyde, and an amine.

Abstract: A ketone/formaldehyde crosslinking additive having reduced and stabilized free-formaldehyde content and which are useful in starch based alkaline corrugating adhesive compositions are provided by a process wherein the ketone/aldehyde additives are treated with hydrogen peroxide and further with an urea compound.

Abstract: Low molecular weight polyaldehydes are prepared by converting the acetal groups of the low molecular weight polyacetal to aldehyde groups or by reacting an aldehyde-containing reagent (e.g., glyoxal) with a polyamide.

Abstract: An improved asymmetric membrane fashioned from a polyimide for the liquid separation of solvents from lube oil. The membrane is based on a fully imidized polymer based on 5(6)-amino-1-(4'-aminophenyl)-1,3-trimethylindane polymer and benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride.

Abstract: A polyimide-forming composition comprising(A) a polycarboxylic acid partial ester of formulaHOOC--R.sup.1 --COOR.sup.2 Iwhere R.sup.1 denotes a divalent ethylenically unsaturated aliphatic or cycloaliphatic group of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and R.sup.2 denotes the residue, after removal of a hydroxyl group, of an alcohol having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms which has a cycloaliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic ring and is polymerizable on heating in the presence of an acid,(B) a partial ester of formula I above in which R.sup.1 denotes a group of formula II ##STR1## where Ar.sup.1 denotes a tetravalent aromatic group of 6 to 20 carbon atoms linked through aromatic carbon atoms thereof to the indicated carbon atoms, and R.sup.2 is as defined above,(C) an aromatic primary polyamine and(D) a heat-activable substance which releases an acid at a temperature of 100.degree. C. or above.

Abstract: Highly conjugated organic polymers typically have large non-resonant electronic susceptibilities, which give the molecules unusual optical properties. To enhance these properties, "defects" are introduced into the polymer chain. Examples include light doping of the conjugated polymer and synthesis, conjugated polymers which incorporate either electron donating or accepting groups, and conjugated polymers which contains a photoexcitable species capable of reversibly transferring its electron to an acceptor. Such defects in the chain permit enhancement of the second hyperpolarizability by at least an order of magnitude.

Abstract: Polyglycidyl ethers which are obtainable by reacting acetophenone with 0.7 to 1.4 mol of formaldehyde per mol of acetophenone, in the presence of an alkaline catalyst and in the temperature range from 50.degree. to 100.degree. C., to a carbonylated acetophenone/formaldehyde resin, hydrogenating said carbonylated resin to a modified hydroxylated acetophenone/formaldehyde resin, subsequently converting said resin with epichlorohydrin, in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst, into the corresponding polychlorohydrin ether, and dehydrochlorinating said ether with a base, are suitable for use as epoxy resins, for example for the preparation of powder coating compositions having good resistance to chemicals and good adhesion.

Abstract: A polyquinoxaline polymer is prepared by self condensation of a monomer having both a 1,2-diketone and a 1,2-primary diamine in the molecule. The resultant polymers can be used as dielectric films, adhesions, varnishes and membranes.

Abstract: A low-formaldehyde binder consists essentially of(A) from 5 to 80% by weight of a water-soluble condensation product of carbonyl number 0-200 which has been prepared by alkaline condensation from 0.1 to 0.4 mole of an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic condensable ketone and 1 mole of formaldehyde, and(B) from 20 to 95% by weight of 4,5-dihydroxyimidazolidin-2-one and/or an unetherified, partially etherified or completely etherified condensation product thereof with an aliphatic monoaldehyde or dialdehyde.

Abstract: Condensation resins obtained by the polycondensation of alkyl aryl ketones and formaldehyde, wherein the polycondensation mixture contains 0.05 to 5% by weight, based on the alkyl aryl ketone, of an activator having the formula (A) ##STR1## wherein X is a nitrogen or phosphorus atom; R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each independently a C.sub.1-3 -alkyl group or a phenyl group; and Y.sup.- is the anion of an inorganic or organic acid, have higher softening points than resins prepared by analogous processes but without the activator.

Abstract: Disclosed is an alicylic end-capping agent for a heterocyclic compound, which is represented by the formula [I]: ##STR1## wherein X is CO, O, S, CH.sub.2 or substituted CH.sub.2, Y.sub.1 -Y.sub.6 are halo, H, NO.sub.2, aryl, alkaryl, arylalkyl or alkyl ether, and Z is ##STR2## (Q.sub.1 is --NH.sub.2, --SH, --OH or ##STR3## (Q.sub.2 is H, or monovalent aliphatic or amomatic group). Also disclosed is an addition-curable quinoxaline resin oligomer having the above-mentioned alicylic end-capping agents at both terminals of oligomer. This oligomer is useful especially for an intermediate material for a fiber-reinforced composite.

Abstract: The present invention provides metal compounds of acid group-containing condensation products or co-condensation products of ketones and aldehydes, obtainable by the reaction of acid group-containing ketone-aldehyde condensation products and/or co-condensation products with mono- or polyvalent metal compounds and/or metal complex compounds of metals of Groups IIIA to VIIIA and/or IB to VB of the Periodic System.The present invention also provides processes for the production of these metal compounds, which can be used as thickening agents, surface-active agents, emulsifiers, dispersion agents and/or liquefying agents, especially in aqueous systems.

Abstract: Polyazomethines having a high electrical conductivity obtained by polycondensation reaction of bicarbonyl compounds with aromatic diamines of formula: H.sub.2 N--Ar--CH.sub.2 --Ar--NH.sub.2, in which Ar is an aryl group optionally substituted, and by subsequent oxidation capable of transforming at least in part, the methylene group of the amine into a carbonyl group.The present invention relates to new electrically conductive polymers belonging to the class of the polyazomethines having high conductivity values, and to the process for preparing the same.

Abstract: The present invention provides acid group-containing, hydrophilic co-condensation products of ketone-aldehyde resins which are obtainable by the co-condensation of at least one ketone and at least one aldehyde with at least one acid group-introducing compound and with at least one aminoplast former and/or aromatic compound and/or at least one condensation product thereof and/or with at least one ligninsulphonate resin and/or cellulose derivative.The present invention also provides a process for producing these co-condensation products and applications of thickening agents, retention agents, surface-active agents, dispersion agents and plasticizing agents consisting of or comprising these co-condensation products.

Abstract: A naphtha-soluble, hydrogenated C.sub.1-4 -alkyl C.sub.6-10 -aryl ketone/formaldehyde resin, having an oxygen content of at least 6% by weight and a softening point of at least 70.degree. C. can be produced by a process comprising the step of hydrogenating a C.sub.1-4 -alkyl C.sub.6-10 -aryl ketone/formaldehyde resin under a hydrogen pressure of at least 200 bar and a temperature of 140.degree.-300.degree. C., in the presence of a nickel, palladium, palladium/copper or palladium/nickel catalyst. These resins are useful, for example, as additives to improve the hardness of varnishes and other coatings.

Abstract: This disclosure describes novel polymeric 1,4-bis-[(1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl)alkylamino]anthraquinones prepared by condensation of 1,4-bis-[(2-hydroxyalkylamino)alkylamino]anthraquinones with dialdehydes which are useful as anti-cancer agents.

Abstract: A process for producing improved crosslinking components for paint binders which can be crosslinked through transesterification is described. The process is characterized in that an ester of malonic or cyano-acetic acid or aceto-acetic acid is reacted in a KNOEVENAGEL-reaction with a carbonyl compound, preferably with formaldehyde, and the reaction products are polymerized, optionally utilizing free-radical initiators, to provide a polymer having a molecular weight of between about 300 and 6000. The crosslinking components prepared according to the invention provide an unsaponifiable base structure and permit the preparation of products with high functionality. The crosslinking components are preferably utilized in binder systems for cathodically depositable paints.

Abstract: Biphenylene end-capped low molecular weight thermally stable aromatic polymers and the process for their preparation. The invention is further directed to crosslinked biphenylene end-capped aromatic polymers and to the process for their preparation. The process for preparing the biphenylene end-capped low molecular weight thermally stable aromatic polymers comprises carrying out a misbalanced polymerization reaction of a suitable aromatic aminoketone compound and a suitable aromatic ketomethylene compound and thereafter adding a monofunctional biphenylene compound.

Abstract: Crosslinked acrylate-acetoacetamide polymers are disclosed. These polymers are prepared by the reaction of at least one polyfunctional acrylate with at least one diacetoacetamide in the presence of a catalyst capable of promoting the reaction between the polyfunctional acrylate and the diacetoacetamide. In a preferred embodiment, the polymers are employed to produce wear layer compositions for surface coverings.

Abstract: A polymer of the general formula: R'--M--Ar--B--Ar'--MArBAr'--.sub.k-2 M--Ar--B--Ar'--R wherein M and D, which can be the same or different, are independently ##STR1## wherein each Ar is independentlyR'--M--Ar--D--Ar'[--MArDAr'--].sub.k-2 M--Ar--D--Ar'--R"wherein L is ##STR2## phenyleneoxy, ##STR3## a covalent bond or T, wherein T is as defined belowand each Ar' is independently ##STR4## wherein T is O, S, phenyleneoxy, or --CR.sub.2 -- wherein R is as defined below, or --O--Ar--O-- wherein Ar can have any of the values set forth above and wherein R' and R" are independently ##STR5## wherein X is a covalent bond, --O--, --S--, or --CR.sub.2 -- wherein each R is independently hydrogen, an alkyl or fluoroalkyl group, preferably of 1 to 10 carbons, phenyl or an electron withdrawing group substituted phenyl, Y is CN, NO.sub.2, ##STR6## or if X is a covalent bond, Y can be hydrogen as well as any of the foregoing; or Ar"CO-- or Ar"SO.sub.

Abstract: A hardener composition for precondensates or liquid resins containing resorcinol and formaldehyde or resorcinol-phenol and formaldehyde and a method for glueing by using them. The hardener composition contains powdered paraformaldehyde suspended in a suspending agent that includes a precondensate of ketone and formaldehyde, which precondensate preferably contains water as a dilution media.

Abstract: Cathodic electrocoating binders based on polycondensation products which contain amino groups and which are, at least partially, in the form of their ammonium salts or quaternary ammonium salts.The polycondensation products containing amino groups are obtained by adduct formation of p-hydroxyacetophenone with polymers containing epoxide groups, followed by reaction of these adducts with formaldehyde and a secondary amine.The electrocoating binders of the invention may be used for coating metallic substrates and give coatings which are particularly corrosion-resistant and adhere particularly firmly.

Abstract: Copolymers of keto dicarboxylates are provided which have the following general formula ##STR1## WHERE Y is one or more comonomers; n averages at least 2; p is at least 1; and M is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal, ammonium, alkyl groups having 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, and alkanol amine groups having 1 to about 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain. Such copolymers are useful as detergent builders to replace sodium tripolyphosphate (STP) in detergent formulations. The copolymers are stable under laundry use conditions, but depolymerize in acid media, making the fragments more readily biodegradable in waste streams.

Abstract: Triazine compounds and cross-linked polymer compositions are made by heating aromatic nitriles to a temperature in the range of from about 100.degree. C. to about 700.degree. C., and preferably in the range of from about 200.degree. C. to about 350.degree. C. in the presence of a catalyst or mixture of catalysts selected from one or more of the following groups: (A) organic sulfonic and sulfinic acids, (B) organic phosphonic and phosphinic acids, and (C) metallic acetylacetonates, at a pressure in the range of from about atmospheric pressure to about 10,000 p.s.i., and preferably in the range of from about 200 p.s.i. to about 750 p.s.i.