Abstract: A method for producing a dendrimer having a structural repeating unit which is represented by formula (1) and which contains a linear portion including a thienylene moiety and a branch portion Y formed of an optionally substituted trivalent organic group.

Abstract: Novel methods allowing for the simple optical and electrochemical detection of double-stranded oligonucleotides are disclosed. The methods are rapid, selective and versatile. Advantageously, they do not require any chemical reaction on the probes or on the analytes since they are based on different electrostatic interactions between cationic poly(3-alkoxy-4-methylthiophene) derivatives and single-stranded or double-stranded (hybridized) oligonucleotides.

Abstract: A polymerizable composition including a compound represented by the following formula (1) and elemental sulfur. (In the following formula (1), M represents a metal atom; X1 and X2 each independently represent a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom; R1 represents a divalent organic group; m represents an integer of 0 or 1 or more; p represents an integer of 1 or more and n or less; n represents the valency of the metal atom M; Y each independently represent an inorganic or organic residue; and when n?p is 2 or more, Y's may bind to each other to form a ring containing the metal atom M.

Abstract: An process of forming a chiral conducting polymer, e.g., polyaniline, is provided including reacting a monomer, e.g., an aniline monomer, in the presence of a chiral dopant acid to produce a first reaction mixture by addition of a solution including a first portion of an oxidizing agent, the first portion of oxidizing agent characterized as insufficient to allow complete reaction of the monomer, and further reacting the first reaction mixture in the presence of the chiral dopant acid by addition of a solution including a second portion of the oxidizing agent, the second portion of oxidizing agent characterized as insufficient to allow complete reaction of the monomer, and repeating the reaction by addition of further portions of the oxidizing agent until the monomer reaction is complete to produce a chiral conducting polymer, e.g., polyaniline.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process of preparing regioregular polymers, in particular head-to-tail (HT) poly-(3-substituted) thiophenes with high regioregularity, to novel polymers prepared by this process, to the use of the novel polymers as semiconductors or charge transport materials in optical, electrooptical or electronic devices including field effect transistors (FETs), electroluminescent, photovoltaic and sensor devices, and to FETs and other semiconducting components or materials comprising the novel polymers.

Abstract: In the present invention, an episulfide compound having, in one molecule, at least one epithio structure represented by the following Formula 2: wherein R5 is C1-C10 hydrocarbylene or single bond, R6, R7 and R8 are each independently C1-C10 hydrocarbyl or hydrogen, Y is O, S, Se or Te, p is an integer from 1 to 5 and q is an integer from 0 to 5, is polymerized in the presence of a halide of a 13-16 group element of the long periodic table and/or a polymerization regulator represented by the following Formula 1: wherein R1, R2 and R3 are each C1-C10 hydrocarbyl or hydrogen, R4 is C1-C10 hydrocarbylene or single bond, X is F, Cl, Br, I, As, SH, OH, C1-C10 alkoxyl, C1-C10 alkylthio, or C1-C10 mercaptoalkylthio, and m is an integer from 1 to 5, to produce a cured resin suitable as an optical material. By using the polymerization regulator, the polymerization rate of the episulfide compound can be suitably regulated to obtain a cured resin with less defect.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polymer compound for an electrode material permitting operation at low temperatures and attainment of large capacities, an electrode using the polymer compound, and a nonaqueous solution battery involving the electrode as the positive electrode thereof. The polymer compound includes a structure capable of intramolecularly forming at least one S—S bond in a single side chain of the repeating unit thereof. The S—S bond constitutes a part of a 4- to 6-membered heterocycle. The electrode includes as an electrode material the polymer compound including a structure capable of intramolecularly forming at least one S—S bond in the single side chain of the repeating unit thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides a water-soluble polymer having formula I: where R1 and R2 are independently —H, -alkylCO2A, —(CH2)n-aryl-(CH2)nCO2A, —(CH2)n-heterocycle-(CH2)nCO2A, or —(CH2)n-cycloalkyl-(CH2)nCO2A, where n is an integer from 0 to 200, and A is an alkali metal cation, with the proviso that only one of R1 and R2 is —H. Methods of preparing the water-soluble polymers and thin films prepared therefrom are also described.

Abstract: Dithienopyrrole-containing copolymers, and organic semiconductors formed therefrom, used as p-type and donor compounds in semiconductors for organic photovoltaic (OPV) applications, such as solar cells or transistors, such as organic field effect transistors (OFET). Organic semiconductors formed herein have a low bandgap and high absorbance, increasing the efficiency of a transistor or a solar cell. Such dithienopyrrole-containing copolymers also have excellent hole-conductivity which may be even further improved through oxidation.

Abstract: A method for producing polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) polymer, including polymerizing reactants in a reaction mixture in a vessel to form PPS polymer in the vessel, measuring values of operating variables of the vessel and/or PPS process, and determining the amount of quench fluid to add to the vessel based on the values of the operating variables. The technique may rely on the vapor liquid equilibrium (VLE) of the mixture to calculate the concentration of water existing in the reactor prior to quench, and accounts for the effectiveness of the upstream dehydration process and in the amount of water produced during the polymerization. The technique is a striking improvement over the trial-and-error estimation of the amount of quench water based on human operating experience, and avoids direct measurements of the existing water concentration in the reactor. The result is improved control of PPS particle size and other properties.

Abstract: An exemplary organic semiconductor copolymer includes a polymeric repeat structure having a polythiophene structure and an electron accepting unit. The electron accepting unit has at least one electron-accepting heteroaromatic structure with at least one electron-withdrawing imine nitrogen in the heteroaromatic structure or a thiophene-arylene comprising a C2-30 heteroaromatic structure. Methods of synthesis and electronic devices incorporating the disclosed organic semiconductors, e.g., as a channel layer, are also disclosed.

Abstract: Aromatic sulfonimide ionene polymers useful as membranes in electrochemical cells are prepared.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing regioregular substituted polythiophenes is described where a substituted thiophene having at least two leaving groups is treated with an organomagnesium halide followed by zinc chloride or bromide and the resulting reaction mixture in solution is polymerized with a Ni(II) catalyst.

Abstract: Compositions are provided comprising aqueous dispersions of polythiophenes having homopolymers or co-polymers of Formula I(a) or Formula I(b) and at least one colloid-forming polymeric acid. Methods of making such compositions and using them in organic electronic devices are further provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing a conductive polymer, characterized by comprising conducting polymerization in the presence of a polymerizable monomer, a surfactant, a solvent and an oxidizing agent under initial conditions that a concentration of the polymerizable monomer is from 0.20 to 2.8 mol/L and a molar ratio of the surfactant is from 0.8 to 1.6 mol per mol of the polymerizable monomer; and a conductive polymer obtained by the method. Since the conductive polymer of the present invention has high conductivity, it is useful as constituent members of electrochemical elements.

Abstract: Multifunctional 3,4-alkylenedioxythiophene derivatives represented by formula (I) are described, In formula (I), n and m each independently of each other, and independently for each o, are an integer from 1 to 5, and o is 3 or 4. The groups R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently of each other and independently for each o, selected from, for example, hydrogen, halogen and optionally substituted linear or branched C1-C20-alkyl. The group R— of formula (I) may be, independently for each o, hydrogen or a thiophene represented by the following formula (II), in which m, n, R1, R2, R3 and R4 are as described in formula (I). The group X— of formula (I) is a polyvalent linking unit (e.g., a triphenylamine radical). Also described are electrically conductive oligomers and polymers comprising the multifunctional 3,4-alkylenedioxythiophene derivatives of the present invention as a repeating or crosslinking unit.

Abstract: A method for preparing a functionalized polymer, the method comprising the steps of (i) polymerizing conjugated diene monomer by employing a lanthanide-based catalyst to form a reactive polymer, and (ii) reacting the reactive polymer with a nitro compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to organic conductive polymer compositions adapted to produce touch panel input devices that hardly undergo resistance degradation even after prolonged and repeated usages, and represent remarkably improved reliability and lifetime in particular.

Abstract: Polymerization catalysts for polyesters include: (1) metal elements selected from metal elements of Group 4A of the Periodic Table; and (2) metal elements selected from metal elements of Group 2A of the Periodic Table, aluminum, manganese, iron, cobalt, zinc, gallium and germanium. The catalysts are in a liquid state with a turbidity of at most 20% in a light path length of 10 mm, and a ratio the total amount of metal atoms derived from the above metal element (2) to the total amount of metal atoms derived from the above metal element (1) is from 0.50 to 3.50.

Abstract: Impurities are removed from polythiophene by mixing a composition comprising polythiophene, water and an organic liquid at a temperature at which the organic liquid dissolves the polythiophene; allowing an aqueous phase to separate from an organic phase and recovering organic phase; adding water to recovered organic phase and mixing the resulting composition at a temperature at which the organic liquid dissolves the polythiophene; allowing an aqueous phase to separate from an organic phase and recovering organic phase; and allowing polythiophene solid to precipitate from recovered organic phase.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process of preparing regioregular polymers, in particular head-to-tail (HT) poly-(3-substituted) thiophenes with high regioregularity, to novel polymers prepared by this process, to the use of the novel polymers as semiconductors or charge transport materials in optical, electrooptical or electronic devices including field effect transistors (FETs), electroluminescent, photovoltaic and sensor devices, to FETs and other semiconducting components or materials comprising the novel polymers, to a process of endcapping polymers and to endcapped polymers obtained thereof and their use in the above devices.

Abstract: The present invention provides block copolymers containing at least one block of a poly(heteroaromatic) polymer and at least two blocks of a non-conjugated polymer. The chemically different blocks of the copolymer are covalently bonded to each other in an alternating fashion through an appropriate linkage group. The poly(heteroaromatic) block may exist in its neutral or oxidized form, and when in the oxidized form, it associates with organic or inorganic counter-anions to balance the charge. The poly(heteroaromatic) polymer is an intrinsically conducting polymer (ICP), and when in the oxidized form it is electrically conducting. When the ICP block or blocks of the block copolymer are in the doped form, the block copolymer is electrically conducting. Preferably the conducting block copolymers have conductivities in the range 10?6-103 S/cm. Block copolymers of this invention are soluble or dispersible in water, one or more organic solvents, or in a mixture thereof at a level of at least about 0.1 g/liter.

Abstract: A sulfonated polyarylenethioethersulfone polymer and copolymer. The sulfonated polyarylenethioethersulfone polymer and copolymer comprises the reaction product of an aromatic dihalo functionality sulfonated monomer, an aromatic dithiol monomer, and optionally an aromatic dihalo functionality monomer. The invention also relates to methods of making the sulfonated polyarylenethioethersulfone polymer and copolymer, and to membranes made from the sulfonated polyarylenethioethersulfone polymer and copolymer.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to perfluoroalkylated fluorene polymers. It further relates to a process for preparing the polymers and devices that are made with the polymers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the treatment of polyazole films, in which a film is passed at least twice through a trough filled with a liquid, with the film being unrolled from a spool and rolled up on a further spool and the direction of travel of the film is changed during the treatment by altering the direction of rotation of the spools.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to copolymers of fluorene. It further relates to devices that are made with the copolymers.

Abstract: In the present invention, an episulfide compound having, in one molecule, at least one epithio structure represented by the following Formula 2: wherein R5 is C1–C10 hydrocarbylene or single bond, R6, R7 and R8 are each independently C1–C10 hydrocarbyl or hydrogen, Y is O, S, Se or Te, p is an integer from 1 to 5 and q is an integer from 0 to 5, is polymerized in the presence of a halide of a 13–16 group element of the long periodic table and/or a polymerization regulator represented by the following Formula 1: wherein R1, R2 and R3 are each C1–C10 hydocarbyl or hydrogen, R4 is C1–C10 hydrocarbylene or single bond, X is F, Cl, Br, I, As, SH, OH, C1–C10 alkoxyl, C1–C10 alkylthio, or C1–C10 mercaptoalkythio, and m is an integer from 1 to 5, to produce a cured resin suitable as an optical material. By using the polymerization regulator, the polymerization rate of the episulfide compound can be suitably regulated to obtain a cured resin with less defect.

Abstract: A sulfur-containing compound has a structure represented by formula (1): (wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom, a reactive terminal group, a straight, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and a reactive terminal group or its thia derivative thereof, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group; Y represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a selenium atom, or a tellurium atom; R represents a substituted or unsubstituted bivalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which may be thianated; n represents an integer of 0 to 3; X1 is substituted for any one of groups R2 to R7 of a partial structure represented by formula (2) in which the groups R2 to R7 other than the group substituted by X1 are independently a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; and R1 is not a group having a (meth)acryl group when Y is an oxygen atom.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polythiophenes, particularly regioregular head-to-tail poly(3-alkylthiophenes) (HT-PATs), block copolymers made therefrom, and their methods of formation. The present invention provides HT-PATs with well-defined, specific end-groups, functionalization of the defined HT-PATs, and incorporation of end group functionalized HT-PATs into block copolymers with structural polymers. The intrinsically conductive diblock and triblock copolymers, formed from the HT-PATs, have excellent conductivity and low polydispersities that are useful in a number of applications. The block copolymers of the present invention have been found to exhibit conductivities that range from a low of 10?8 S/cm for certain applications to as high as several hundred S/cm or more.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for optical materials, comprising (a) a compound having in one molecule at least one structure represented by the following Formula 1: wherein R1 is a single bond or a C1-10 hydrocarbon group, each of R2, R3 and R4 is a C1-10 hydrocarbon group or hydrogen, Y is O, 5, Se or Te, m is 1 to 5, and n is 0 to 5; (b) a compound having in one molecule at least one isocyanate group and/or at least one isothiocyanate group; (c) a compound having in one molecule at least one mercapto group; and (d) an inorganic compound having sulfur atom and/or selenium atom, and also relates to an optical material produced by polymerization curing the composition, a production method thereof, and an optical lens comprising the optical material. The present invention provides a high refractive, high Abbe's number optical material having an improved impact resistance.

Abstract: The use of stannylenes and germylenes of general formula (I) wherein: M represents a tin or geranium atom; L1 and L2 independently represent a group of formula: -E14(R14) (R?14) (R?14), -E15(R15) (R?15) or -E16(R16)) or together form a chain of formula -L?1-A- L?2; A represents a saturated or unsaturated chain comprising one, two or three elements of group 14; L?1 and L?2, represent, independently, a group of formula: -E14(R14) (R?14)-, E15(R15)- or -E16-; E14 is an element of group 14; E15 is an element of group 15; E16 is an element of group 16; R14, R?14, R?14, R15, R?15 and R16 represent variable groups as polymerization catalysts of heterocycles.

Abstract: An process of forming a chiral conducting polymer, e.g., polyaniline, is provided including reacting a monomer, e.g., an aniline monomer, in the presence of a chiral dopant acid to produce a first reaction mixture by addition of a solution including a first portion of an oxidizing agent, the first portion of oxidizing agent characterized as insufficient to allow complete reaction of the monomer, and further reacting the first reaction mixture in the presence of the chiral dopant acid by addition of a solution including a second portion of the oxidizing agent, the second portion of oxidizing agent characterized as insufficient to allow complete reaction of the monomer, and repeating the reaction by addition of further portions of the oxidizing agent until the monomer reaction is complete to produce a chiral conducting polymer, e.g., polyaniline.

Abstract: Preformed compositions comprising sulfur-containing polymers in shaped form and the use of preformed compositions in shaped form to seal apertures. In certain embodiments, the preformed compositions comprise a sulfur-containing polymer and a blend of fillers wherein the blend comprises substantially equal amounts of mica and polyamide.

Abstract: A process for preparing an aqueous or non-aqueous solution or dispersion of a polythiophene or thiophene copolymer, containing structural units according to formula (I): in which R1 and R2 independently of one another represent hydrogen or a C1-5-alkyl group or together form an optionally substituted C1-5-alkylene residue, comprising the step of: preparing the polythiophene or thiophene copolymer with an initiator in a reaction medium in the presence of polyanions under oxidizing or reducing conditions under an inert atmosphere such that when said initiator is added less than 3 mg of oxygen per litre of the reaction medium is present in the reaction medium; an aqueous or non-aqueous solution or dispersion prepared therewith; the use of an aqueous or non-aqueous dispersion or solution comprising the aqueous or non-aqueous solution or dispersion of a polythiophene or thiophene copolymer for coating an object; a printable paste containing the aqueous or non-aqueous solution or dispersion of a polythiophene o

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing polythiophenes comprised of unit structures of the general formula 1: where R1 and R2 independently represent hydrogen or a C1˜C4 alkyl group, or together represent an optionally substituted C1˜C4 alkylene group, preferably an optionally alkyl-substituted methylene group, an optionally C1˜C4 alkyl- or phenyl-substituted 1,2-ethylene group, a 1,3-propylene group or a 1,2-cyclohexylene group. More specifically, the process according to the present invention is characterized by the fact that it is performed by cationic polymerization from 2,5-dihalothiophene in the presence of an acid catalyst, such as Lewis acid, protic acid, oxygen acid, or polymeric acid. The conductivity of the resulting polythiophene is 255 S/cm under optimal conditions.

Abstract: Optical devices fabricated from solvent processible polymers suffer from susceptibility to solvents and morphological changes. A semiconductive polymer capable of luminescence in an optical device is provided. The polymer comprises a luminescent film-forming solvent processible polymer which contains cross-linking so as to increase its molar mass and to resist solvent dissolution, the cross-linking being such that the polymer retains semiconductive and luminescent properties.

Abstract: A material having a conductive pattern, the material comprising a support and a conductive element, the conductive element being 500 nm thick or less and containing a polyanion and an intrinsically conductive polymer, characterized in that one surface of the conductive element is an outermost surface of the material and the other surface of the conductive element is contiguous with a patterned surface, the patterned surface consisting of at least two types of surface element, and those parts of the conductive element contiguous with a type A surface element exhibiting a surface resistance at least a factor of ten greater than those parts of the conductive element contiguous with a type B surface element.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing polythiophenes comprised of unit structures of the general formula 1: 1

Abstract: A material having a conductive pattern, the material comprising a support and a conductive element, the conductive element being 500 nm thick or less and containing a polyanion and an intrinsically conductive polymer, characterized in that one surface of the conductive element is an outermost surface of the material and the other surface of the conductive element is contiguous with a patterned surface, the patterned surface consisting of at least two types of surface element, and those parts of the conductive element contiguous with a type A surface element exhibiting a surface resistance at least a factor of ten greater than those parts of the conductive element contiguous with a type B surface element; a material for making a conductive pattern, the material comprising a support and a conductive element, the conductive element containing a polyanion and an intrinsically conductive polymer, characterized in that one surface of the conductive element is an outermost surface of the material, the other surface

Abstract: A material for making a conductive pattern, the material comprising a support and a conductive element, the conductive element containing a polyanion and an intrinsically conductive polymer, characterized in that one surface of the conductive element is an outermost surface of the material, the other surface of the conductive element is contiguous with a patterned surface, the patterned surface consisting of at least two types of surface element, and those parts of the conductive element contiguous with one type of the surface elements are capable of being at least partially removed by a developer.

Abstract: Optical devices fabricated from solvent processible polymers suffer from susceptibility to solvents and morphological changes. A semiconductive polymer capable of luminescence in an optical device is provided. The polymer comprises a luminescent film-forming solvent processible polymer which contains cross-linking so as to increase its molar mass and to resist solvent dissolution, the cross-linking being such that the polymer retains semiconductive and luminescent properties.

Abstract: An episulfide compound useful as a starting material for optical materials that have a high refractive index and a high Abbe's number is provided. A method for producing the same and an optical product made with the same are also provided. The episulfide compound may be represented by the general formula (1): wherein EP represents and n is an integer of from 0 to 2. A method for producing the episulfide compound represented by the general formula (1) may involve reacting a mercapto group-containing episulfide compound with 2,4,6-trimethylene-1,3,5-trithiane.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polythiophenes, particularly regioregular head-to-tail poly(3-alkylthiophenes) (HT-PATs), block copolymers made therefrom, and their methods of formation. The present invention provides HT-PATs with well-defined, specific end-groups, functionalization of the defined HT-PATs, and incorporation of end group functionalized HT-PATs into block copolymers with structural polymers. The intrinsically conductive diblock and triblock copolymers, formed from the HT-PATs, have excellent conductivity and low polydispersities that are useful in a number of applications. The block copolymers of the present invention have been found to exhibit conductivities that range from a low of 10−8 S/cm for certain applications to as high as several hundred S/cm or more.

Abstract: A polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) having a desired configuration is produced using a raw material containing &ohgr;-(4-vinylphenyl)-alkanoic acid and (&ohgr;-substituted alkanoic acid in which a group having a ring structure selected from phenyl, thienyl, and cyclohexyl structures substitutes therefor on the end thereof by producing a PHA copolymer containing the corresponding 3-hydroxy-&ohgr;-(4-vinylphenyl)-alkanoate unit and the corresponding 3-hydroxy-&ohgr;-substituted alkanoate unit by making use of a microorganism capable of producing the PHA or by oxidizing a predetermined portion of the corresponding PHA.

Abstract: A process for polymerizing/curing a photopolymerizable monomer composition comprising at least one diepisulfide monomer which comprises the steps of: a) mixing to the monomer composition an effective amount of a cationic photopolymerization initiator, and b) irradiating the mixture of a) with an ultraviolet radiation to at least partially cationically photopolymerize the monomer composition.

Abstract: Describes novel polyfunctional thiiranes. Also described are polymerizable compositions comprising such novel polyfunctional thiiranes, and polymerizates, e.g., optical lenses, prepared therefrom. The described polymerizates may have a refractive index of at least 1.6, and an Abbe number of at least 27.

Abstract: Curable compositions, reaction products of which are reworkable through thermal decomposition, are provided. Specific compounds useful in such curable compositions, as well as curable compositions and thermosets incorporating such compounds, are provided in the present invention. The compounds include a cyclic hydrocarbon moiety including an oxirane or thiirane group and an aromatic ether moiety including an oxirane or thiirane group. The cyclic hydrocarbon moiety and the aromatic ether moiety are joined to each other through an oxycarbonyl-containing linkage or a thiocarbonyl-containing linkage, preferably a secondary or tertiary linkage. Compositions incorporating such compounds are capable of curing by exposure to a specific temperature, and are decomposable at a temperature in excess of the curing temperature, thus providing a composition which is reworkable.

Abstract: The invention relates to conjugated polymers containing triptycene units. The polymers according to the invention are on the one hand homopolymers comprising a recurring unit containing a triptycenylene radical, and copolymers comprising two or more different recurring units, which may contain a triptycenylene radical or an arylene, heteroarylene, vinylene and ethynylene radical. The polymers according to the invention are employed as electroluminescent materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polythiophenes, particularly regioregular head-to-tail poly(3-alkylthiophenes) (HT-PATs), block copolymers made therefrom, and their methods of formation. The present invention provides HT-PATs with well-defined, specific end-groups, functionalization of the defined HT-PATs, and incorporation of end group functionalized HT-PATs into block copolymers with structural polymers. The intrinsically conductive diblock and triblock copolymers, formed from the HT-PATs, have excellent conductivity and low polydispersities that are useful in a number of applications. The block copolymers of the present invention have been found to exhibit conductivities that range from a low of 10−8 S/cm for certain applications to as high as several hundred S/cm or more.

Abstract: A curable resin composition which has excellent curability and storage stability, and in particular, which has improved storage stability under the condition where the resin composition only contains the resin component and the latent curing agent. A curable resin composition having a resin component having oxirane ring and thiirane ring at a ratio (oxirane ring/thiirane ring) of 95/5 to 1/100; and an oxazolidine compound represented by the following formula (1): wherein R1 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and R2 and R3 independently represent hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, or together form an alicyclic ring or an aromatic ring.