Abstract: Hybrid sol-gel materials comprise silicate sols cross-linked with linear polysilane, polygermane, or poly(silane-germane). The sol-gel materials are useful as optical identifiers in tagging and verification applications and, in a different aspect, as stable, visible light transparent non-linear optical materials. Methyl or phenyl silicones, polyaryl sulfides, polyaryl ethers, and rubbery polysilanes may be used in addition to the linear polysilane. The linear polymers cross-link with the sol to form a matrix having high optical transparency, resistance to thermooxidative aging, adherence to a variety of substrates, brittleness, and a resistance to cracking during thermal cycling.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel oxirane prepolymer comprising the catalyzed reaction product of an inorganic oxide having at least one hydrolyzable oxygen with a difunctional oxirane oligomer having at least one aromatic moiety and at least one oxirane containing aliphatic moiety, characterized in that substantially all of the hydrolyzable oxygen atoms in said oxide are bonded to said oligomer and there is substantially no bonding between oligomer moieties.The present invention also relates to a novel inorganic oxide containing polymer, said polymer comprising at least three crosslinked prepolymer moieties, each said prepolymer moiety being the reaction product of an inorganic oxide having at least one hydrolyzable oxygen with a difunctional oxirane oligomer having at least one aromatic moiety and at least one oxirane containing aliphatic moiety.

Abstract: Highly branched, functionalized, wholly aromatic poly(arylenes) are prepared by the polymerization of AB.sub.n -type aromatic monomers.

Abstract: Hybrid sol-gel materials comprise silicate sols cross-linked with linear polysilane, polygermane, or poly(silane-germane). The sol-gel materials are useful as optical identifiers in tagging and verification applications and, in a different aspect, as stable, visible light transparent non-linear optical materials. Methyl or phenyl silicones, polyaryl sulfides, polyaryl ethers, and rubbery polysilanes may be used in addition to the linear polysilane. The linear polymers cross-link with the sol to form a matrix having high optical transparency, resistance to thermooxidative aging, adherence to a variety of substrates, brittleness, and a resistance to cracking during thermal cycling.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a variety of engineering polymers and copolymers, in particular aromatic polymers and copolymers which comprises reacting a stannylated reactant containing a first monomeric or polymeric moiety with an electrophilic reactant, usually a di(acid chloride) containing a second monomeric or polymeric moiety. The intermediate and second compound react by way of a condensation reaction to eliminate the tin and polymerise together the first and second moieties. Some novel polymers and copolymers can be prepared using this method.

Abstract: This invention describes a novel method of preparing metallocene compounds. The invention is based on synthesis of novel bis cyclopentadienides that, under appropriate conditions, will either encapsulate a transition metal to produce a metallocene such as ferrocene, or ferrocene derivative, or will yield a polymeric metallocene. Compounds produced by this process are useful as catalysts in propulsion systems, or as anti-knock compounds in gasolines.

Abstract: Novel polymers contain phthalocyanine ring systems bonded via axial bonds to a central metal atom in the polymer chain and consist of repeating units of the general formula (I) ##STR1## In the general formula (I), Pc.sup.s is a phthalocyanine ring system having peripheral substituents, Me is the central atom of the phthalocyanine ring system, which atom is bonded in the polymer main chain, suitable central metal atoms Me being silicon and germanium, R is alkylene, R' and R" are each alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or alkoxy and Z is a silicon-carbon bond or further Si-containing groups. The novel polymers can be particularly advantageously used for the production of ultrathin layers by the LB technique, optically transparent films having high optical anisotropy and a high volume concentration of phthalocyanine radicals being formed.

Abstract: Polytitanocarbosilazane polymers useful as ceramic precursors are prepared by reacting organic silicon compounds of first and second types, a titanium compound, and a disilazane. Ceramic fibers are obtained by melt spinning the polymers followed by infusibilization and pyrolysis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel oxirane prepolymer comprising the catalyzed reaction product of an inorganic oxide having at least one hydrolyzable oxygen with a difunctional oxirane oligomer having at least one aromatic moiety and at least one oxirane containing aliphatic moiety, characterized in that substantially all of the hydrolyzable oxygen atoms in said oxide are bonded to said oligomer and there is substantially no bonding between oligomer moieties.The present invention also relates to a novel inorganic oxide containing polymer, said polymer comprising at least three crosslinked prepolymer moieties, each said prepolymer moiety being the reaction product of an inorganic oxide having at least one hydrolyzable oxygen with a difunctional oxirane oligomer having at least one aromatic moiety and at least one oxirane containing aliphatic moiety.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved process for the conversion of reactant into a reaction product, in the presence of a solid acid catalyst comprising sulfonic acid groups covalently bonded to a polymeric chain, wherein the improvement comprises increasing the rate of conversion, on an equivalent sulfonic acid basis, by providing, as said polymeric chain a compound represented by the general formula:M(O.sub.3 ZO.sub.x R).sub.nwherein M is a tetravalent metal ion; Z is a pentavalent atom, selected from the group consisting of elements of Group V of the Periodic Table of the Elements having an atomic weight greater than 30; x varies from 0 to 1; R is select d from the group consisting or organo radicals and mixtures of hydrogen radicals and organo radicals; and n varies from 1 to 2; provided that n is 1 when R is terminated with a tri- or tetraoxy pentavalent atom.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a variety of engineering polymers and copolymers, in particular aromatic polymers and copolymers which comprises reacting a stannylated reactant containing a first monomeric or polymeric moiety with an electrophilic reactant, usually a di(acid chloride) containing a second monomeric or polymeric moiety. The intermediate and second compound react by way of a condensation reaction to eliminate the tin and polymerise together the first and second moieties. Some novel polymers and copolymers can be prepared using this method.

Abstract: An improvement in the process for preparing an organometallic polymer having a main chain constituted of silicon and/or germanium or having a main chain constituted of a linkage including carbon and silicon or germanium and further having side chain constituted of organic substituting groups, such as alkyl or aryl group. The improved process comprises the step of dehalogenating an organosilane or organogermane halide in the presence of an alkali metal and a crown ether having 28 or less carbon atoms and 10 or less oxygen atoms, whereby the organosilane or organogermane halide is polymerized by condensation. The crown ether acts as a promotor, and preferable examples used in the process of the invention include 18-crown-6 and 12-crown-4. The molecular weight of the organometallic high polymer prepared by the process of the invention distributes within a relatively narrow range in the neighborhood of about 100,000, resulting in excellent moldability of the polymer.

Abstract: Surface treating agents comprising of an organic titanium compound containing at least one fluoropolyether radical linked by carboxy groups to the titanium and at least one hydrolyzable group, such compounds being obtained by reacting a fluoropolyether having one or more carboxylic groups with a titanium compound having at least one group able to react with carboxylic group and at least one residual hydrolyzable group per titanium atom. The surface treating agents have not only superior surface activity and anti-corrosion properties for the metal surface but are also chemically stable.

Abstract: The present invention relates to high performance ceramics and methods for their production using supercritical temperatures and supercritical pressures. Furthermore, the present invention relates to high performance ceramics for use in the automobile industry.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a variety of engineering polymers and copolymers, in particular aromatic polymers and copolymers which comprises reacting a stannylated reactant containing a first monomeric or polymeric moiety with an electrophilic reactant, usually a di(acid chloride) containing a second monomeric or polymeric moiety. The intermediate and second compound react by way of a condensation reaction to eliminate the tin and polymerise together the first and second moieties. Some novel polymers and copolymers can be prepared using this method.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of making a polymer by reacting, in the absence of water, an organic compound having the general formula R-H wherein R represents an organo radical having at least one unsaturated carbon-carbon bond and H is covalently bonded to one of said carbons, with PX.sub.3, wherein X is a halide radical, and zirconium ions to yield a reaction product and oxidizing and hydrolyzing such reaction product to yield a polymer represented by the general formula Zr(O.sub.3 PR).sub.n wherein n varies from about 1 to about 2.5. R may comprise sulfonic acid groups or may comprise sulfonatable site for sulfonation during the oxidation step. In either case, the resulting product is useful as an acid catalyst.

Abstract: Ionically conductive macromolecular material constituted by a salt in solution in a polymer, the said salt comprising an anion present in the form of a polyether chain one end of which carries an anionic function and which can be applied to the obtention of electrochemical accumulators.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved process for the conversion of reactant into a reaction product, in the presence of a solid acid catalyst comprising sulfonic acid groups covalently bonded to a polymeric chain, wherein the improvement comprises increasing the rate of conversion, on an equivalent sulfonic acid basis, by providing, as said polymeric chain a compound represented by the general formula:M(O.sub.3 ZO.sub.x R).sub.nwherein M is a tetravalent metal ion; Z is a pentavalent atom, selected from the group consisting of elements of Group V of the Periodic Table of the Elements having an atomic weight greater than 30; x varies from 0 to 1; R is selected from the group consisting of organo radicals and mixtures of hydrogen radicals and organo radicals; and n varies from 1 to 2; provided that n is 1 when R is terminated with a tri-or tetraoxy pentavalent atom.

Abstract: This invention describes a novel method of preparing metallocene compounds. The invention is based on synthesis of novel bis cyclopentadienides that, under appropriate conditions, will either encapsulate a transition metal to produce a metallocene such as ferrocene, or ferrocene derivative, or will yield a polymeric metallocene. Compounds produced by this process are useful as catalyst in propulsion systems, or as anti-knock compounds in gasolines.

Abstract: New rhodium containing organopolysiloxane-ammonium compounds are described which consist of units of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are R.sup.5 --SiO.sub.3/2 (2), R.sup.5 is an alkylene group and the free valences of the oxygen atoms are saturated by silicon atoms of other groups (2), optionally with the insertion of cross-linking agents, R.sup.4 is hydrogen, an alkyl, cycloalkyl or benzyl group, x.sup.n-- is a complex monovalent or polyvalent metal anion of rhodium and chloride, bromide or iodide. Methods for preparing these rhodium-containing organopolysiloxane-ammonium compounds as well as their use as catalysts in reactions with carbon monoxide are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a variety of engineering polymers and copolymers, in particular aromatic polymers and copolymers which comprises reacting a stannylated reactant containing a first monomeric or polymeric moiety with an electrophilic reactant, usually a di(acid chloride) containing a second monomeric or polymeric moiety. The intermediate and second compound react by way of a condensation reaction to eliminate the tin and polymerize together the first and second moieties. Some novel polymers and copolymers can be prepared using this method.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for making an organoalkoxysilane/metal oxide sol-gel composition in an essentially aqueous medium by partially hydrolyzing an organoalkoxysilane with a limited amount of water which is essentially completely consumed in the hydrolysis reaction, adding a metal alkoxide of titanium or zirconium to the essentially anhydrous partially hydrolyzed organoalkoxysilane, completely reacting the metal alkoxide with the partially hydrolyzed organoalkoxysilane to form an oxide network and then completely hydrolyzing the composition in water.

Abstract: The present invention provides an acrylate superabsorbent composition having an improved rate of absorbency, low residual acid content, and a low acrylate monomer content. Acrylic acid, an alkali metal salt of carbonic acid, aluminum acetate, sodium sulfate and water are uniformly reacted preferably using microwave radiation as the heat source.

Abstract: Organometallic compounds and compositions comprising a metal, an amido carboxyl moiety bonded to the metal, and active moiety bonded to the metal, and at least one modifier moiety sufficient to satisfy the valency of the metal. These compounds and compositions are capable of combining the substantivity of the amido carboxyl metal system, functional efficacy of an active moiety, and film-forming properties in a single compound or composition.

Abstract: A conductive polymer is set forth which comprises a plurality of interconnected units. Each unit comprises a generally centrally positioned moiety and a ligand or set of ligands having a total dentation capability of three or more non-coplanar dentations and being positioned about the centrally positioned moiety, at least two of the dentations being parts of conjugated systems. The units are interconnected by having at least one ligand in common and the conjugation of the conjugated systems extend from one centrally positioned moiety to an adjacent centrally positioned moiety. Through proper selection of ligands and centrally positioned moieties, conductive polymers of various desired characters including intrinsically conductive polymers, p-type semiconductor polymers, n-type semiconductor polymers, p-type metal conducting polymers and a n-type metal conducting polymers can be constructed.

Abstract: An electrode that has a film adsorbed to its surface by reductive electropolymerization of (vbpy)Re(CO).sub.3 Cl (4-vinyl-4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine tricarbonylchlororhenium(I)) or its acetonitrile analogue, [(vbpy)Re(CO).sub.3 (MeCN)].sup.+ (4-vinyl-4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine tricarbonylacetonitrile rhenium (I)). The poly (vbpy)Re(CO).sub.3 Cl or poly-[(vbpy)Re(CO).sub.3 (MeCN)].sup.+ adsorbed onto the electrode, acts as a catalyst for CO.sub.2 reduction to CO. Stability and the reactivity of the polymer film may be increased by co-reductive electropolymeriaztion of either of the aforesaid Re complexes with [(bpy).sub.2 Ru(vpy).sub.2.sup.2+ ](bis(4-vinyl-pyridine)bis(2,2'-bipyridine) ruthenium (II)) (vpy is 4-vinylpyridine). A bilayer film assembly consisting of poly-[(bpy).sub.2 Ru(vpy).sub.2 ].sup.2+ as an inner film and the aforementioned copolymer of Ru/Re yields even greater reactivity to CO.sub.2.A method of forming a polymeric film on an electrode.A method of reducing CO.sub.

Abstract: A process for producing novel oxy-metallo-organic, e.g. oxy-alkoxy, polymers is disclosed which comprises heating a metallo-organic compound, e.g. an alkoxide of a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, titanium and zirconium, and mixtures thereof, such as aluminum butoxide, under reflux in inert atmosphere and in the absence of any solvent, and polymerizing the metallo-organic compound. The resulting polymer can be in the form of a viscous liquid, a glass or an amorphous powder, and can function as intermediates or precursors for production of ceramics, ceramic composites, fibers and films.

Abstract: New transition and inner transition metal chelate polymers and method for nthesizing thereof. Such polymers are used as positive or negative resists of high sensitivity for lithographic purposes in integrated circuit chip fabrication requiring submicron resolution. The polymers when irradiated undergo scission or crosslinking events which affects their solubility in developer solvents. They are synthesized either in non-aqueous solution with subsequent removal of excess solvent or interfacially with almost instantaneous precipitation of the polymer at the interface.

Abstract: There are disclosed thermosetting resoles containing chemically bonded boron, tungsten and/or zirconium atoms. The metal containing resoles of this invention are useful, for example, as reimpregnation resins.

Abstract: A polymer having an isothianaphthene structure represented by the formula (Ia) and/or Ib): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 5 carbon atoms such as methyl, methoxy and thiomethyl, with the proviso that R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may link together to form, along with the benzene ring, a fused ring which is naphthalene; X is sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Y.sup.- represents an anion of an electrolyte; z represents a number from 0.01 to 1 showing a ratio of the anion per mol of a monomer; and n represents a number of from 5 to 500 showing a degree of polymerization.

Abstract: Poly(benzodithiolenes) containing transition metals having desirable chemical, physical, electrical and magnetic properties are prepared by reacting an aromatic tetrathiol with a transition metal salt.

Abstract: Macromolecular material of ionic conduction constituted by a salt in solution in a polyether. The polyether is polycondensed and/or cross-linked and presents at least two chains connected to each other by a bridge that comprises a silicon, cadmium, boron or titanium atom connected to one of the chains by an oxygen atom.Application to producing electrodes and electrolytes for electrochemical accumulators.

Abstract: The properties of a thermosetting furan based polymer are improved by incorporating therein at least one metal selected from the group consisting of niobium and/or tantalum.

Abstract: There are disclosed polymers containing tungsten chemically bonded in the polymer chain. The polymers are obtained by reacting 2-furanacrylic acid or 2-furoic acid with the reaction product of tungsten carbonyl with pyrrolidine. These polymers are useful as multi-cycle reimpregnation resins.

Abstract: Photographic elements and diffusion transfer assemblages described which contain a novel mordant comprising a polymeric backbone having appended thereto nitrogen-coordinating ligands having the formula: ##STR1## wherein D.sup.1, D.sup.2, and D.sup.3 each independently represents the atoms necessary to complete an aromatic heterocyclic nucleus having at least one ring of 5 to 7 atoms.In a preferred embodiment, the mordant comprises recurring units having the formula: ##STR2## wherein: R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represents hydrogen or an alkyl or substituted alkyl group having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms;Link represents a bivalent linking group; andLIG represents a nitrogen-coordinating ligand as described above.

Abstract: Metal complexes are obtained by reacting furfurylamine with a metal carbonyl selected from the group consisting of tungsten carbonyl, molybdenum carbonyl and chromium carbonyl. Multi-cycle reimpregnation resins are obtained by reacting one of these metal complexes with furfuryl alcohol.

Abstract: There are disclosed thermosetting resoles containing chemically bonded boron, tungsten and/or zirconium atoms. The metal containing resoles of this invention are useful, for example, as reimpregnation resins.

Abstract: A flocculating agent for use in water purification technology and papermaking technology is described, as well as a process of producing the flocculating agent which is the reaction product of sulphate ion-containing polymeric aluminium hydroxy chloride and one or more cationic polymers preferably selected among polyacrylic amide, polyamide amine and polyethylene imine. The most preferred cationic polymer is polyacrylic amide. The flocculating agent is produced by mixing an aqueous suspension of sulphate ion-containing aluminium polyhydroxy chloride having a solids content of 20-30 parts by weight with 0.3-60 parts by weight of cationic polymer, based upon 100 parts by weight of sulphate ion-containing aluminium polyhydroxy chloride, and by heating the mixture for 2-4 h at a temperature varying from about 80.degree. C. to the boiling point of the mixture.

Abstract: There are disclosed polymers containing tungsten chemically bonded in the polymer chain. The polymers are obtained by reacting 2-furanacrylic acid or 2-furoic acid with the reaction product of tungsten carbonyl with pyrrolidine. These polymers are useful as multi-cycle reimpregnation resins.

Abstract: A process for producing a high molecular weight organoaluminum polymer by using an organoaluminum compound containing an acyloxy group, water and an organic acid.The organoaluminum polymer obtained herein is suitable for preparing fibers.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to preformed, reactive catalysts, which are the reaction products of a mixture containing an organo titanate, a polyol and a monohydric alcohol. These catalysts can be admixed with alkylene-alkyl acrylate copolymers to provide compositions which can be extruded about electrical wires and cables and cured, at improved cure rates, to crosslinked products characterized by improved physical properties.

Abstract: A layered oxide containing vanadium together with phosphorus or arsenic and an organic group may be prepared which has a unique layered structure of the formula: VORAO.sub.3.nS or VOROAO.sub.3.nS where A is phosphorus or arsenic, S is a solvent molecule, R is an unsubstituted or alkyl-, alkoxy- or aryl-substituted alkyl or aryl group, and n is zero or a positive number. These layered compounds are characterized in that the vanadium is substantially in a 4+ oxidation state and is present in an amount such that the molar ratio of A:V ranges from 0.8 to 1.2 throughout the oxide. Also the R groups are covalently bound to an A atom in the vanadium oxide layer directly through either carbon or oxygen atoms.

Abstract: A process for producing a high molecular weight organoaluminum polymer by using an organoaluminum compound, water and an organic acid.The organoaluminum polymer obtained herein is suitable for preparing fibers.

Abstract: Solid inorganic polymers are derivatives of phosphorous or phosphonic acids which contain cyclic organo groups selected from the group consisting of alicyclics, aromatics and heterocyclics. They are characterized by the structural linkage of three oxygens bonded to phosphorus to one or more tetravalent metals selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, cerium, hafnium, lead, thorium and uranium. The molar ratio of phosphorus to tetravalent metal is about 2 to 1. One use for the polymers is as stationary phases or supports in chromatography.

Abstract: A unique semiconductive, polymeric material capable of use for example as a humidity sensing detector or as an electrical "rectifying-type" element created by pressure treating an oxidized coordination polymer formed from a polydentate organic ligand, such as for example 1,2,4,5-tetraaminobenzene, and a metal salt, such as for example nickle(II) chloride, palladium(II) chloride, or platinum(II) chloride. The element is mounted on a non-conducting base, electrical leads are attached to the element, and the wired element is placed in an electrical circuit capable of for example detecting electrical resistance. The presence of water vapor in the atmosphere about the element elicits rapid, reversible, reproducible changes in the resistance of the element. The wired element can also be used as a "rectifyer-type" element in that it has an electrical polarization which is not instantaneously reversible with a change in voltage polarity.

Abstract: A process for the production of phosphorus-containing organo substituted inorganic polymers comprises reacting at least one organophosphorous or organophosphoric acid compound of the formula[(HO).sub.2 OP].sub.n R or [(HO).sub.2 OPO].sub.n Rwherein n is 1 or 2 and R is an organo group covalently coupled to phosphorus with at least one tetravalent metal ion to precipitate a solid inorganic polymer in which the molar ratio of phosphorus to tetravalent metal is about 2 to 1 and in which the organo group is covalently bonded to phosphorus and phosphorus is linked to the tetravalent metal through oxygen.

Abstract: Layered solid inorganic polymers having at least one organo group anchored to a surface of the polymer, and which can be useful in catalysis, lubrication, ion-exchange, chromatography and absorption processes, can be made by reacting at least one tetravalent metal (e.g., zirconium, cerium, thorium, uranium, lead, hafnium, titanium, etc.) and two or more acids selected from phosphoric acid, phosphonic acid and organophosphorus acids of the formula ((HO).sub.2 OP).sub.n R wherein n is 1 or 2 and R is an organo group covalently bonded to the phosphorus atom. Preferably the reaction is conducted with a stoichiometric excess of phosphorus acids in a liquid medium in which a compound of the metal is soluble. The covalent bonding can be through oxygen to produce phosphates, or through carbon to produce phosphonates.

Abstract: A process for the production of phosphorus-containing organo-substituted solid inorganic polymers containing oxygen bonded to carbon comprising reacting in a liquid medium (e.g. water) at least one tetravalent metal ion and at least one organophosphorus acid of the formula;[(HO).sub.2 OP].sub.n R or [(HO).sub.2 OPO].sub.n Rwherein n is 1 or 2 and R is an organo group covalently coupled to phosphorus, and which also contains oxygen coupled to carbon but not to phosphorus, and wherein when n is 2, R contains at least two carbon atoms and is directly or indirectly coupled to the phosphorus atoms through different carbon atoms whereby the two phosphorus atoms are separated by at least two carbon atoms.

Abstract: Layered organoarsenuous inorganic polymers are formed by reacting an organoarsenic acid with at least one tetravalent ion by reflux of the organoarsenic acid and the tetravalent ion in a liquid medium. There is formed a polymer in which the tetravalent metal has six coordinated bonds. The preferred tetravalent metal ions are zirconium, cerium, thorium, uranium, lead, hafnium, and titanium.

Abstract: Inorganic polymeric compounds which contain pendant organic functional groups are prepared by the reaction of an acid of the formula [(HO).sub.2 OZO.sub.x ].sub.k R, in which Z is a pentavalent atom, x is 0 or 1, k is 1 or 2, and R is a cyclic organo group, with a tetravalent metal ion. The polymeric compounds are insoluble in the reaction medium, exist in a layered crystalline to amorphous form, and have the formula M(O.sub.3 ZO.sub.x R).sub.n, in which M is the tetravalent metal and n is 1 or 2. One use for the polymeric compounds is as selective sorbents.