Abstract: A polypeptide which has the activity of an inhibitor DE-3 from Erythrina caffra and which reversibly and selectively binds serine proteases from a protein mixture is obtainable by culturing prokaryotic or eukaryotic host cells which have been transformed or transfected with a nucleic acid that codes for the said polypeptide in a manner that allows the host cells to express the said polypeptide under suitable nutrient conditions and isolating the said polypeptide, wherein the polypeptide has an amino acid sequence which is functionally analogous to SEQ ID NO:2, has a partial region that is more than 85% homologous to the region of amino acids 39-139 of this sequence, has two disulfide bridges and begins N-terminally with SEQ ID NO:4 or with a SEQ ID NO:4 extended N-terminally by methionine and has a binding capacity for tissue plasminogen activators of 1.25 MU/ml and more and is particularly suitable for purifying plasminogen activators such as tissue plasminogen activators (t-PA and derivatives).

Abstract: A gene, designated as CBF1, encoding a protein, CBF1, which binds to a region regulating expression of genes which promote cold temperature and dehydration tolerance in plants is described. CBF1 is used to transform microorganisms and can be used to transform plants.

Abstract: A new class of proteins and methods related thereto are presented. The proteins, which can be characterized as catalysts of the extension of plant cell walls and the weakening of the hydrogen bonds in pure cellulose, are referred to as expansins. Two proteins have been isolated by fractionation techniques from washed wall fragments of cucumber hypocotyls, referred to as "cucumber expansin-29" and "cucumber expansin-30" (abbreviated cEx-29 and cEx-30, with respect to their apparent relative masses as determined by SDS-PAGE). Moreover, three peptide fragments from the purified cEx-29 protein were sequenced, then oligonucleotide primers were designed to amplify a portion of the expansin cDNA using polymerase chain reaction with a cDNA template derived from cucumber seedlings, and then the PCR fragment was used to screen a cDNA library to identify full length clones.

Abstract: Recombinant gene coding for a protein having endochitinase activity or for a precursor thereof which comprises the sequence (SEQ ID NO:1) below:Gly Gly Asp Leu Gly Ser Val Ile Ser Asn Ser Met Phe Asp Gln Met Leu Lys His Arg Asn Glu Asn Ser Cys Gln Gly Lys Asn Asn Phe Tyr Ser Tyr Asn Ala Phe Ile Thr Ala Ala Arg Ser Phe Pro Gly Phe Gly Thr Ser Gly Asp Ile Asn Ala Arg Lys Arg Glu Ile Ala Ala Phe Phe Ala Gln Thr Ser His Glu Thr Thr Gly Gly Trp Pro Ser Ala Pro Asp Gly Pro Phe Ala Trp Gly Tyr Cys Phe Leu Arg Gly Arg Gly Asn Pro Gly Asp Tyr Cys Ser Pro Ser Ser Gln Trp Pro Cys Ala Pro Gly Arg Lys Tyr Phe Gly Arg Gly Pro Ile Gln Ile Ser His Asn Tyr Asn Tyr Gly Pro Cys Gly Arg Ala Ile Gly Val Asp Leu Leu Asn Asn Pro Asp Leu Val Ala Thr Asp Pro Val Ile Ser Phe Lys Thr Ala Ile Trp Phe Trp Met Thr Pro Gln Ser Pro Lys Pro Ser Cys His Asp Val Ile Ile Gly Arg Trp Asn Pro Ser Ala Gly Asp Arg Ser Ala Asn Arg Leu Pro Gly Phe Gly Val Ile Thr Asn Ile Ile Asn Gly Gly Leu Glu Cys Gly Arg Gly Asn Asp Asn Arg Val Gln Asp Arg Ile Gly

Abstract: Immunoconjugates comprising the monoclonal antibody TXU-5/B53 linked to pokeweed antiviral protein or bioactive subunits thereof are provided which are effective for the treatment of mammalian HIV infection.

Abstract: A gene, designated as CBF1, encoding a protein, CBF1, which binds to a region regulating expression of genes which promote cold temperature and dehydration tolerance in plants is described. CBF1 is used to transform microorganisms and can be used to transform plants.

Abstract: A gene, designated as CBF1, encoding a protein, CBF1, which binds to a region regulating expression of genes which promote cold temperature and dehydration tolerance in plants is described. CBF1 is used to transform microorganisms and can be used to transform plants.

Abstract: A method for purifying a plant protein comprises: (a) preparing a crude plant extract; (b) passing the crude plant extract with a first buffer solution through a guard column comprising a hydrophobic interaction chromatography medium of hydrophobicity sufficiently high to prevent tannins and polyphenols from eluting from the column in the presence of the buffer solution, but sufficiently low that a protein fraction elutes with the first buffer solution; (c) passing the protein fraction through a capture column coupled in series to the guard column, the capture column comprising a hydrophobic interaction chromatography medium of hydrophobicity sufficiently high to prevent the protein from eluting in the presence of the buffer solution; and (d) eluting the protein from the capture column as a purified fraction. Preferably the plant is miracle fruit, the protein is Miraculin, and the method comprises ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography of the purified fraction of the protein.

Abstract: Systemin, an 18 amino acid peptide hormone and first polypeptide hormone found in plants, induces expression of defense genes in plants wounded mechanically or by predators including herbivores, insects, bacteria and viruses. The precursor for systemin is encoded as a 200 amino acid prosystemin molecule that has the systemin peptide sequence located near the carboxyl-terminus. Both a 951 bp cDNA for prosystemin and 4526 bp genomic DNA were cloned and the organization of the gene was determined. Transgenic plants constructed with antisense prosystemin DNA fail to mount a defensive response to wounding. Transgenic plants constructed with increased copy number of prosystemin genes exhibit increased resistance to wounding. Insect larval that feed on transgenic plants constructed with increased copy number of prosystemin genes exhibit decreased growth weight compared to larval that feed on wild type plants. A tomato systemin polypeptide has an amino acid sequence NH.sub.3 -AVQSKPPSKRDPPKMQTD-COO-.

Abstract: A protein having a molecular weight of 44,000-54,000 daltons, isoelectric point of 8.5-9.2 and specific sugar chain is prepared from a cedar pollen. The protein induces pollenosis and can be suitably used as desensitization agent because it induces immunoglobulin antibody which is effective for desensitization, but does not substantially induce immunoglobulin E antibody, a major factor causative of side effects including anaphylaxis shock. Therefore, the protein can be advantageously used in the treatment, prevention and/or diagnosis of pollenosis.

Abstract: A method for selecting plants and plant tissue cultures that contain elevated levels of secondary metabolites is disclosed. The method uses clonal organogenic tissue culture lines, the cultures being derived from cells of a member of the Lamiaceae family. Cultured tissue propagules are placed in contact with mucoid, non-pathogenic bacterial cells and cultured for a period of time. Those clonal lines exhibiting tolerance to the bacterial cells have elevated levels of secondary metabolites. Cultured tissue from such lines can be regenerated into plants, which are used to more efficiently produce essential oils for food and medicinal purposes.

Abstract: Adhesive proteins isolated from mature plants selected from the group consisting of macroalgae and microalgae, said proteins being characterized by the presence of at least one RGD or RGD-like or other adhesive recognition sequence, the absence of DOPA and hydroxyproline units, and by the fact that the proteins may be used by the plants in their natural state, for the purpose of adhesion to substrates.

Abstract: A plurality of polypeptides derived from intercellular spaces of plant cells having frost tolerance. Some of the polypeptides are ice nucleators for developing ice crystals in extracellular spaces of plant tissue, some of the polypeptides are antifreeze components which control ice crystal growth in extracellular spaces and some of the polypeptides are enzymes which adapt plant cell walls to function differently during formation of ice crystals in plant intercellular spaces.

Abstract: Disclosed is a chimeric isoprenoid synthase polypeptide including a first domain from a first isoprenoid synthase joined to a second domain from a second, heterologous isoprenoid synthase, whereby the chimeric isoprenoid synthase is capable of catalyzing the production of isoprenoid reaction products that are not produced in the absence of the second domain of the second, heterologous isoprenoid synthase. Also disclosed is a chimeric isoprenoid synthase polypeptide including an assymetrically positioned homologous domain, whereby the chimeric isoprenoid synthase is capable of catalyzing the production of isoprenoid reaction products that are not produced when the domain is positioned at its naturally-occurring site in the isoprenoid synthase polypeptide.

Abstract: Sulfhydryl containing peptides having the formulaX--A.sub.1 --A.sub.2 --A.sub.3 --A.sub.4 --A.sub.5 --Yinhibit the formation of Lp(a) and thus are useful for treating vascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, cervical atherosclerosis, cerebral infarction, and restenosis.

Abstract: The invention concerns the removal of various allergologically irrelevant low-molecular weight components from the usual aqueous extracts of allergenically active proteins of plant pollens. Described are the desorption and subsequent elimination, from traditionally prepared allergenic pollen protein extracts, of low-molecular weight pigment and other compounds which are normally retained by strong electrostatic and/or hydrophobic forces. The preparation of such depigmented pollen proteins does not impair their allergenic potency or immunological specificity. The invention enables the production of fully active allergenic pollen proteins devoid of adhering low-molecular weight substances interfering with their safety, diagnostic accuracy and clinical efficacy. The purified pollen proteins represent improved starting materials for chemical derivatization, i.e. the preparation of attenuated vaccines for immunotherapy.

Abstract: Acetolactate synthase (ALS), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of valine, leucine and isoleucine in plants is inhibited by herbicides comprising imidazolinones. A mutant gene encoding imidazolinone-resistant ALS has been isolated from an imidazolinone-resistant Arabidopsis thaliana (GH-90) and stably maintained in a plasmid pKS1. When compared with the gene coding for imidazolinone-sensitive ALS, the imidazolinone-resistant ALS gene contains a point mutation, wherein adenosine is substituted for guanosine at nucleotide 1958, resulting in the substitution of asparagine for serine at amino acid residue 653. The mutant ALS gene can be used to impart imidazolinone resistance to a crop plant; thereby permitting the utilization of the imidazolinone or analogous herbicide as a single application at a concentration which ensures the complete or substantially complete killing of weeds, while leaving the transgenic crop plant essentially undamaged.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a protein sweetener that has been isolated from Pentadiplandra brazzeana Baillon. The sweetener is thermostable, lysine rich, and has a relative long lasting taste. Also disclosed is a recombinant host capable of producing the sweetener in large quantities. Compositions of this sweetener with other sweeteners are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nucleic acid having a nucleotide sequence coding for Sor h I, a major allergen of Sorghum halepense, and fragments thereof. The present invention also provides purified Sor h I or at least one fragment thereof, produced in a host cell transformed with a nucleic acid sequence coding for Sor h I, or at least one fragment thereof and fragments of Sor h prepared synthetically. Sor h I and fragments thereof are useful for diagnosing, treating, and preventing allergy to Johnson grass pollen.

Abstract: The present inventors discovered a novel genome coding Phytolacca insularis antiviral protein(PIP) isolated from Phytolacca insularis Nakai; and developed a recombinant vector for said PIP genome expression and a microorganism transformed therewith. PIP genome of the present invention has nucleotide homology of about 82%, compared with the genome of Phytolacca americana antiviral protein isolated from Phytolacca americana L., which is closely related to the Phytolacca insularis Nakai. PIP cDNA is consist of 918 bp of one open reading frame and termination codon; and polyadenylation signal which is ubiquitous in mRNA of most plants and animals, appears to be located in the upstream of 33 bp from the polyadenylation site. Recombinant PIP of the invention was proved to inhibit the growth of E. coli HB101 transformed with said expression vector.

Abstract: Biocidal proteins capable of isolation from seeds have been characterized. The proteins have an amino acid sequence containing the common cysteine/glycine domain of Chitin-binding Plant Proteins but show substantially better activity against pathogenic fungi, a higher ratio of basic amino acids to acidic amino acids, and/or antifungal activity which results in increased hyphal branching. Antimicrobial proteins isolated from Amaranthus, Capsicum, Briza and related species are provided. The proteins show a wide range of antifungal activity and are active against Gram-positive bacteria. DNA encoding the proteins may be isolated and incorporated into vectors. Plants may be transformed with this DNA. The proteins find agricultural or pharmaceutical application as antifungal or antibacterial agents. Transgenic plants expressing the protein will show increased disease resistance.

Abstract: The invention comprises purified trypsin inhibitors extracted from the seeds of Pentaclethra macroloba. The crude extract was found to comprise two molecular weight ranges of 38-35 and 6-9 kDa which contain the active compounds. Within each molecular weight range, the trypsin inhibitors were found to exist in two isoforms. The lower molecular weight inhibitor exhibits surprising stability and activity after heating in aqueous solution at approximately 100.degree. C. for 30 minutes.

Abstract: A 21 kD protein, and its 23 kD expression precursor, as the source of peptide flavor precursors in cocoa (Theobroma cacao) have been identified. Genes coding for them have been probed, identified and sequenced, and recombinant proteins have been synthesized.

Abstract: The present invention provides chemically regulatable DNA sequences capable of regulating transcription of an associated DNA sequence in plants or plant tissues, chimeric constructions containing such sequences, vectors containing such sequences and chimeric constructions, and transgenic plants and plant tissues containing these chimeric constructions. In one aspect, the chemically regulatable DNA sequences of the invention are derived from the 5' region of genes encoding pathogenisis-related (PR) proteins. The present invention also provides anti-pathogenic sequences derived from novel cDNAs coding for PR proteins which can be genetically engineered and transformed into plants to confer enhanced resistance to disease.

Abstract: A method for making and identifying mistletoe extracts as being of a pharmaceutical grade which is useful in treating AIDS, cancers and other diseases where the immune system is suppressed. The method is based on the discovery of five marker proteins which selectively bind with different sugars. Pharmaceutical grade extracts in accordance with the invention require certain concentration levels of each protein. An additional further requirement is that each protein fraction must meet specific bioactivity levels with respect to preventing malignant cell proliferation. Fingerprint markers with respect to viscotoxins and alkaloids present in the extract are also provided. Methods of treatment using the pharmaceutical grade mistletoe are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a ribosome inactivating proteins. The proteins are characterized by being in a single chain proRIP inactive form that can be converted into an active form by cleavage with proteases.

Abstract: A polypeptide having a molecular weight of 40,000.+-.5,000 daltons and an isoelectric point of 9.5.+-.0.5 is prepared from a cedar pollen. The polypeptide which induces pollenosis can be suitably used as desensitization agent because it induces immunoglobulin antibody which is effective for desensitization, but does not substantially induce immunoglobulin E antibody, a major factor causative of side effects including anaphylaxis shock. Therefore, the polypeptide can be advantageously used in the treatment, prevention and/or diagnosis of pollenosis.

Abstract: The present invention provides an isolated DNA sequence which encodes at least part of the tomato enzyme endopolygalacturonase PG1 beta-subunit. This DNA sequence preferably encodes a polypeptide, the N-terminal amino acid sequence of which is: E-K-H-S-G-D-I-H. In other preferred forms of the invention the DNA sequence encodes a polypeptide which includes one of the following amino acid sequences: E-K-H-S-G or N-Y-G-Q-X-F-N-E-G. The DNA sequence of the present invention may be used to produce genetically engineered tomato plants with modified ripening characteristics.

Abstract: The hsr203J gene of SEQ ID No. 1 and individual components thereof including its promoter and regulatory regions thereof, its coding region, its gene product; modifications thereto; applications of said gene, promoter region, regulatory region and coding region and modifications thereto; DNA constructs, vectors and transformed plants each comprising the gene or part thereof.

Abstract: By the combined use of an agent which selectively dissolves tumor cells and which contains a protein fraction which has oxygen-liberating action and which is derived from the photosynthetic system of plants, together with a further agent which inhibits the proteases of the cancer cells and which has been obtained by means of extraction of embryonic tissue or maternal uterus tissue from placentals, it is possible to selectively dissolve the tumor by means of this agent without damaging the healthy organism. When used on its own, the abovementioned plant-derived agent shows an activity in the treatment of inflammatory processes and is also suitable for the aftertreatment of scars, keloids and damage caused by ionizing rays.

Abstract: Biocidal proteins capable of isolation from seeds have been characterized. The proteins have an amino acid sequence containing the common cysteine/glycine domain of Chitin-binding Plant Proteins but show substantially better activity against pathogenic fungi, a higher ratio of basic amino acids to acidic amino acids, and/or antifungal activity which results in increased hyphal branching. Antimicrobial proteins isolated from Amaranthus, Capsicum, Briza and related species are provided. The proteins show a wide range of antifungal activity and are active against Gram-positive bacteria. DNA encoding the proteins may be isolated and incorporated into vectors. Plants may be transformed with this DNA. The proteins find agricultural or pharmaceutical application as antifungal or antibacterial agents. Transgenic plants expressing the protein will show increased disease resistance.

Abstract: There are disclosed a protein corresponding to a molecular weight of approximately 16 kD, which can be specifically expressed in carrot roots, a gene coding for the protein, and a plasmid containing the gene.

Abstract: Described herein is a S receptor kinase gene (SRK), derived from the S locus in Brassica oleracea, having a extracellular domain highly similar to the secreted product of the S-locus glycoprotein gene.

Abstract: A protein, in particular MAP 30, obtainable from both the fruit and seeds of Momordica charantia or produced by recombinant means useful for treating tumors and HIV infections is disclosed. In treating HIV infections, the protein is administered alone or in conjunction with conventional AIDS therapies. Also provided are processes for purifying the protein, DNA sequences encoding the protein, and recombinant DNA methods for expressing the protein.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nucleic acid having a nucleotide sequence coding for Sor h I, a major allergen of Sorghum halepense, and fragments thereof. The present invention also provides purified Sor h I or at least one fragment thereof, produced in a host cell transformed with a nucleic acid sequence coding for Sor h I, or at least one fragment thereof and fragments of Sor h prepared synthetically. Sor h I and fragments thereof are useful for diagnosing, treating, and preventing allergy to Johnson grass pollen.

Abstract: Selected plant lectins have been found to be larvicidal against a number of common insect pests of agricultural crops. In a preferred embodiment, plant resistance to these insects is produced by inserting into the cells of a plant a gene whose expression causes production of one or more of these lectins in larvicidal amounts.

Abstract: By this invention, a partially purified seed-plant fatty acyl reductase protein is provided, wherein said protein is active in the formation of a fatty alcohol from a fatty acyl substrate. Of special interest are jojoba embryo reductase proteins having molecular mass of about 54 and 52 kD and sequences obtainable therefrom. Also considered are amino acid and nucleic acid sequences obtainable from such fatty acyl reductases.

Abstract: A cDNA clone (HEV1) encoding hevein was isolated via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using mixed oligonucleotides corresponding to two regions of hevein as primers and a Hevea brasiliensis latex cDNA library as a template. HEV1 is 1018 nucleotides long and includes an open reading frame of 204 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence contains a putative signal sequence of 17 amino acid residues followed by a 187 amino acid polypeptide. The amino-terminal region (43 amino acids) is identical to hevein and shows homology to several chitin-binding proteins and to the amino-termini of wound-induced genes in potato and poplar. The carboxyl-terminal portion of the polypeptide (144 amino acids) is 74-79% homologous to the carboxyl-terminal region of wound-inducible genes of potato. Wounding, as well as application of the plant hormones abscisic acid and ethylene, resulted in accumulation of hevein transcripts in leaves, stems and latex, but not in roots, as shown by using the cDNA as a probe.

Abstract: Primary-toxic chemical compounds with a molecular weight of less than 12000 Daltons, which may be isolated from plant material and which are potential IgE-binding allergens causing immediate-type allergy in predisposed individuals; methods for their isolation and their use for clinical purposes.

Abstract: Systemin is an 18 amino acid peptide hormone that induces expression of defense genes in plants wounded mechanically or by predators including herbivores, insects, bacteria and viruses. The precursor for systemin is encoded as a 200 amino acid prosystemin molecule that has the systemin peptide sequence located near the carboxy-terminus. Both a 951 bp cDNA for prosystemin and 4526 bp genomic DNA were cloned and the organization of the gene was determined. Transgenic plants constructed with antisense prosystemin DNA fail to mount a defensive response to wounding. Transgenic plants constructed with increased copy number of prosystemin genes exhibit increase resistance to wounding. A tomato systemin polypeptide has an amino acid sequence NH.sub.3 --AVQSKPPSKRDPPKMQTD--COO--.

Abstract: A method for treating chemical or biological materials with a polypeptide derived from a RNA encoded by a cDNA of Arabidopsis thaliana to prevent freezing or heat damage is described. In particular, a novel cDNA and polypeptide, COR15, encoded thereby is described.

Abstract: A method for separating phytate and manganese from protein and dietary fiber involves treatment of an aqueous slurry of phytatecontaining material at a low pH with insoluble alumina. In a batch treatment process the pH of the solution is increased, leaving phytate units attached to the alumina while freeing the protein and dietary fiber. In a column treatment process, the column containing alumina is rinsed, after the low pH treatment, with dilute acid and water to recover the protein and/or dietary fiber. This method may be employed either during the manufacture of protein and fiber isolates from flour or flakes, or for removing phytate from commercially available protein and fiber commodities. The spent alumina may be readily regenerated and reused. A method of separating manganese from rice protein using this same technology is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for treating chemical or biological materials with a polypeptide derived from a RNA encoded by a cDNA of Arabidopsis thaliana to prevent freezing or heat damage is described In particular, a novel cDNA and polypeptide, COR15, encoded thereby is described.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing a carbohydrate-binding lectin derivative for use as immune modulators or immunoconjugates. The polymer-lectin conjugate produced in accordance with the process is polyethylene glycol Ricinus communis agglutinin I (PEG-RCAI). The lectin is coupled to the polymer by activating the polymer with a coupling agent such as 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole. The polymer-lectin conjugate is biologically active, biocompatible and is expected to be substantially non-immunogenic.

Abstract: A protein conjugate or mixture useful in immunotherapy composed of a biological response modifier (BRM) and an allergen is disclosed. In use the protein conjugate or mixture is combined with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Cytokines, bacterial, fungal and viral immunopotentiators and thymus hormones are disclosed as suitable BRM's for use in the invention.

Abstract: New protein hydrolyzates are produced by treating an aqueous solution of a protein hydrolyzate with an adsorptive resin functional to remove from the protein hydrolyzate bitter taste components, color and odor components and aromatic amino acids. The treated protein hydrolyzate solutions can be concentrated and dried if desired to powder form.

Abstract: A method for potentiating the insecticidal activity of a protein toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria is disclosed. A potentiating amount of trypsin inhibitor is co-administered to the insect along with the toxin. Improved insecticidal compositions are also disclosed which contain an insecticidal amount of a protein toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis and a potentiating amount of a trypsin inhibitor.

Abstract: A method for separating phytate and manganese from protein and dietary fiber involves treatment of an aqueous slurry of phytate-containing material at a low pH with insoluble alumina. In a batch treatment process the pH of the solution is increased, leaving phytate units attached to the alumina while freeing the protein and dietary fiber. In a column treatment process, the column containing alumina is rinsed, after the low pH treatment, with dilute acid and water to recover the protein and/or dietary fiber. This method may be employed either during the manufacture of protein and fiber isolates from flour or flakes, or for removing phytate from commercially available protein and fiber commodities. The spent alumina may be readily regenerated and reused. A method of separating manganese from rice protein using this same technology is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for enhancing the functional properties of denatured proteinaceous material of vegetable origin. The enhanced properties include at least one property selected from the group consisting of water absorption, water binding capacity, oil binding capacity, fat binding capacity, and the ability to produce viscous aqueous suspensions. The process includes the steps of obtaining the denatured proteinaceous material by treating undenatured proteinaceous material with aqueous alcohol and maintaining a slurry of the denatured proteinaceous material in warm aqueous ammonia in which the weight ratio of the aqueous phase to solids is between 3:1 and 15:1 at a temperature between 75.degree. C. to 100.degree. C. and within a pH range of from 8.0 to 9.5.

Abstract: A cDNA clone (HEV1) encoding hevein was isolated via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using mixed oligonucleotides corresponding to two regions of hevein as primers and a Hevea brasiliensis latex cDNA library as a template. HEV1 is 1018 nucleotides long and includes an open reading frame of 204 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence contains a puGOVERNMENT RIGHTSThis application was funded under Department of Energy Contract DE-AC02-76ER01338. The U.S. Government has certain rights under this application and any patent issuing thereon.