Abstract: Provided herein are devices, systems, and methods for the removal of preservatives/excipients/stabilizers from pharmaceutical preparations/medicaments. The devices and systems include a resin for the filtering of preservatives from pharmaceutical preparations. The methods allow for a period of time of incubation of the pharmaceutical preparation in the resin that effectively removes preservatives, while at the same time maintaining the required amount or concentration of active compound in the preparation. Also provided herein are devices, systems, and methods for the controlled release of anti-inflammatory agents in an insulin infusion set.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are generally directed to lignin-modifying enzymes and systems and methods of their manufacture. In many embodiments, the lignin-modifying enzymes are lignin-degrading enzymes capable of breaking down lignin into component parts that are usable for other purposes. Several embodiments are directed to systems for producing lignin-modifying enzymes in vivo, including in yeast and/or plant species, and certain embodiments are directed to methods of creating these systems, including transfecting the species to produce lignin-modifying enzymes.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for extracting lipid containing products from microalgal biomass, the process comprising: (i) treating an aqueous mixture comprising microalgal biomass with microwave radiation and (ii) recovering lipid containing products from the treated microalgal biomass.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and systems for production of recombinant protein, and particularly, for production of recombinant protein from inclusion bodies. For example, in one aspect, the method comprises providing a protein preparation comprising inclusion bodies, preparing an inclusion body dispersion, and exposing the protein preparation to high pressure in a pressure vessel, to disaggregate and refold the inclusion body protein.

Abstract: Methods for preparing lyophilized pellets of biological materials are described. The pellets have a substantially spherical shape and are prepared by freezing droplets of a liquid composition of a desired biological material on a flat, solid surface, in particular, a surface that does not have any cavities, followed by lyophilizing the frozen droplets. These methods are useful for preparing lyophilized pellets having a high concentration of a desired biological material, in particular a therapeutic protein or vaccine, and which have a faster reconstitution time than lyophilized powder cakes prepared in vials.

Abstract: Described herein are the one-pot synthesis and characterization of a library of low molecular weight peptoid compounds that are able to form gels at room temperature. The compounds are synthesized from biologically-based starting materials, are biocompatible, and are resistant to degradation by proteases and peptidases.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for generating a solution rich in interleukin-1 receptor antagonist from a tissue comprising cytokine-producing cells. The apparatus can include a filter used with a separation system. The separation system can include a float.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cosmetic compositions comprising polypeptides obtained or obtainable from Salmonidae hatching fluid, methods of producing said compositions and their use in various cosmetic applications to the skin, particularly for improving the cosmetic appearance of skin of a mammalian animal.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method and system of recovering multiple products from industrial-scale production of a biomass of an aquatic species.

Abstract: A method is provided for solubilising a membrane protein. The method is applied to cellular material comprising the membrane protein and an associated membrane lipid. A copolymer of styrene and maleic acid, wherein the styrene:maleic acid ratio is between 1:2 and 10:1, is mixed with the cellular material to cause the copolymer, lipid and protein to form soluble macromolecular assemblies.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for folding proteins belonging to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily are disclosed. The compositions and methods allow for the folding of such proteins when produced in an expression system that does not yield a properly folded, biologically active product.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an effective method for the refolding of denatured proteins in solution so that properly folded, biologically active protein in solution is recovered in high yield. The refolding takes place at pressures between about 0.25 kbar to about 3.5 kbar, advantageously at about 1.5 kbar to about 3 kbar. Typically a chaotropic agent is present at a concentration which is not effective for denaturing protein at atmospheric pressure, and optionally, oxidation-reduction reagents can be incorporated in the refolding solution so that native intramolecular disulfide bonds can be formed where that is desired. The method is applicable to substantially all proteins, especially after solubilization and/or denaturation of insoluble protein aggregates, inclusion bodies, or abnormal oligomeric (soluble) aggregates.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for reducing and/or evaluating the immunogenic potential of a therapeutic protein preparation. The present invention further provides pharmaceutical compositions of therapeutic proteins and methods of treatment with the same, the compositions having low immunogenic potential and/or improved efficacy. The invention achieves these goals by evaluating therapeutic protein preparations for subvisible protein particulates, which can contribute significantly to the overall immunogenic potential of the protein preparation. Further, by maintaining the content of such subvisible protein particulates to below an immunogenic threshold level, the resulting pharmaceutical composition is less likely to result in a loss of tolerance (e.g., upon repeated administration), thereby improving both the safety and efficacy profile of the therapeutic.

Abstract: The present invention relates to separation of desired target products from biological, plant, and waste-type material, wherein the desired target products include renewable fuels such as ethanol, biobutanol, and biodiesel, wherein the separation is conducted with a cross-flow filtration system having the ability to separate desired products from both non-viscous and viscous medium.

Abstract: A method of hydrothermally treating stillage by heating stillage to 200 degrees F. to 350 degrees F., altering physicochemical properties of the stillage, enabling facile separation of the stillage, and creating unique product fractions. A method of performing ethanol fermentation by treating stillage to enable facile separation by heating the stillage to a temperature of 200 degrees F. to 350 degrees F., and separating the treated stillage to recover a high protein solids fraction, a stickwater fraction, and an oil fraction. A method of improving fermentation by heating stillage to a temperature of 200° F. to 350° F. resulting in hydrothermally treated stillage, using all or a portion of the hydrothermally treated stillage as a component of a media, and using the media for a process including fermentation and biomass production. Oil, stickwater, high protein solids fraction, high protein meal, metabolites, biomass, and media obtained from the methods above.

Abstract: A system and method for the treatment of biomass comprising mixing a biomass with an ionic liquid (IL) to swell the biomass and electromagnetic (EM) heating, preferably radiofrequency (RF) heating, said biomass. Additionally, a method of acidolysis of biomass comprising mixing biomass in an ionic liquid (IL) to swell the biomass; adding an acid, to lower the pH of the biomass below pH 7; applying radio frequency (RF) heating to the biomass to heat to a target temperature range; applying ultrasonic heating, electromagnetic (EM) heating, convective heating, conductive heating, or combinations thereof, to the biomass to maintain the biomass at a target temperature range; washing the treated biomass; and recovering sugars and released lignin.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of producing isolated heat stable polypeptides by expressing the polypeptides in a prokaryotic host cell and subjecting the host cell to heat lysis. The invention further provides screening methods by producing a plurality of isolated heat stable polypeptides by expressing each of the plurality of polypeptides in a prokaryotic host cell and subjecting the host to heat lysis.

Abstract: The invention relates, in part, to monovalent streptavidin compositions. The invention also relates to methods of preparing and using monovalent streptavidin compositions. In some aspects of the invention, the compositions are monovalent streptavidin with a single femtomolar biotin-binding site.

Abstract: Thermostabilization of a protein where the protein contains access routes and wherein at least one amino acid in the bottleneck of the access route is mutated, includes identifying the amino acids of the bottleneck and the amino acids control exchange of the solvent between a buried protein core and surrounding environment and/or in the packing of the amino acids inside the access route. Modification of the amino acids are determined so that the packing of the amino acids inside the tunnel is improved and the access route prevents access of undesired solvent molecules to the protein core, while allowing passage of the compounds necessary at the protein core to enable the protein to perform its biological function.

Abstract: Methods for selective extraction and fractionation of algal proteins from an algal biomass or algal culture are disclosed. A method of selective removal of products from an algal biomass provides for single and multistep extraction processes which allow for efficient separation of algal proteins. These proteins can be used as renewable sources of proteins for animal feedstocks and human food. Further, lipids remaining in the algal biomass after extraction of proteins can be used to generate renewable fuels.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of isolating nucleic acid and protein from the same biological sample, comprising, in the following order: a) disrupting the biological sample; b) contacting the disrupted biological sample of (a) with a protein lysis buffer that lacks any component that denatures or reduces protein to produce a first lysate; c) centrifuging the first lysate of (b) to produce a first supernatant containing protein and a pellet containing nucleic acid; d) removing the first supernatant of (c), thereby isolating protein from the biological sample; e) contacting the pellet of (d) with nucleic acid lysis buffer to produce a second lysate; f) centrifuging the second lysate of (e) to produce a second supernatant containing nucleic acid; and g) removing the second supernatant of (f), thereby isolating nucleic acid from the same biological sample.

Abstract: Provided are a method for observing protein crystal, wherein the growth process of the protein crystals is nondestructively and three-dimensionally monitored on a real-time basis and the growth of the crystals is controlled at a high accuracy to thereby enable the formation of single crystals having good qualities, which comprises observing the protein crystals, said protein crystals having been produced by a crystallization method using a gel, by an OCT measurement using light emitted from an ultrawideband light source; a method for observing protein crystals wherein the ultrawideband light source is an ultrawideband supercontinuum light source; a method for observing protein crystals wherein the center wavelength of the light emitted from the ultrawideband supercontinuum light source is a 0.8 ?m band; and a method for observing protein crystals wherein the monitoring of the protein crystals is a monitoring by an in situ measurement.

Abstract: The invention includes a process for extracting a target protein from E. coli cells that includes lowering the pH of a whole E. coli cell solution to form an acidic solution, disrupting the cells to release the protein into the acidic solution, and separating the cellular debris from the released protein to obtain a protein product enriched in the heterologous target protein. The invention also includes addition of a solubility enhancer.

Abstract: A process for producing a biocompatible material includes the steps of mixing an extract of a fish scale-derived hydroxyapatite (with water content of 70 to 75% by weight) and of a fish scale-derived collagen (with water content of 40 to 60% by weight) in the weight percent ratio of about 8:2, stirring the mixture and drying the mixture by a hot blast in order to obtain a composite.

Abstract: Blood collection, processing and transfer leads to the separation of discrete fractions by adding additional citrate (trisodium citrate) to bring the citrate concentration to 10%-15% w/v thereby leading to enhanced yield and purity of cryoprecipitate. The improved cryoprecipitate then yields concentrated clotting factors by an improved extraction process which uses polyvinyl pyrollidone to reduce the extraction of fibrinogen. Following extraction the remaining cryoprecipitate can advantageously be formed into a fibrin fabric used in surgeries and in the treatment of wounds.

Abstract: A pretreatment method of a specimen used for detecting or determining abnormal prion protein (PrPres) associated with transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE), wherein (1) a specimen which had been treated with proteinase K is heated in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to dissolve proteins and inactivate infectious activity in the specimen at the same time; (2) the specimen processed in the above (1) is cooled under a neutral condition to make abnormal prion protein (PrPres) associated with transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) aggregated; (3) the aggregate formed in the above (2) is separated from a solution; and (4) the separated PrPres aggregate is detected by the ultrasensitive chemiluminescence method.

Abstract: The binding specificity of at least one plasma protein suspended or dissolved in a liquid medium is altered by exposing the protein to an oxidizing agent or an electric current sufficient to alter its binding specificity. A masked protein such as an autoantibody can be recovered from blood or blood products or extracts by oxidizing the protein to change its binding specificity.

Abstract: The present invention discloses improved methods of disaggregating protein aggregates, and refolding denatured proteins, using high pressure. In particular, the present invention provides for the use of agitation, high temperature, “stepped” depressurization, dialysis and dilution under pressure to increase the speed and extent of aggregate dissolution and protein refolding.

Abstract: The present invention relates to various polypeptides from fish hatching fluid, their encoding nucleic acid sequences, pharmaceutical compositions comprising said polypeptides and nucleic acid molecules and their use in various medical and cosmetic applications to the skin, particularly for moisturizing skin and/or for exfoliation of the horny layer of the skin for treating or preventing skin disorders or conditions in an animal.

Abstract: The present invention provides personal care compositions, and more particularly, personal care compositions comprising a bioactively effective amount of a repeat sequence protein polymer. In some particularly preferred embodiments, the present invention provides personal care compositions comprising an effective amount of at least one fragment of a repeat sequence protein polymer having bioactivity.

Abstract: High pressure to treat aggregated interferons, particularly recombinant human interferon-?, to reduce the aggregate content of interferon material. Highly pure, soluble monomeric recombinant interferon-? is prepared in representative embodiments. Multiple strategies may be used in combination that make nonglycosylated IFN-? more amenable to high pressure treatment. It has been found that refolding yields of high pressure treatment can be significantly improved by use of a combination of strategies, including, or example a pre-treatment of the IFN-? that involves solubilizing and then precipitating the protein. This pre-treatment is particularly effective with respect to recombinant IFN-? inclusion bodies recovered from host cells such as E. coli cells. According to another strategy, refolding under high pressure is much more effective when the refolding reagent incorporating the IFN-? incorporates a zwitterionic surfactant and/or a cholate salt.

Abstract: The present methods relate to the isolation and concentration of proteins using cross-flow membrane filtration, and to proteins produced by such methods. A feature of the method is that the protein of interest is retained by a cross-flow membrane under certain conditions that promote retention, while under other condition the protein passes through the membrane.

Abstract: The invention relates to a scraped surface heat exchanger (100) comprising a heat exchanging wall (20) having an cylindrical inner surface (21) with a radius (R+.delta.), a shaft (10) being rotatable mounted inside of and concentrically to the inner surface (21) of the heat exchanging wall (20) and having at least one gap portion (10A) with an outer surface (11) and a radius (R), and at least one scraping member (40) supported by the shaft (10) and extending to the inner surface (21) of the heat exchanger wall (20), characterised in that the at least one or the gap portions (10A) with an outer surface (11) and a radius (R) extend over at least 60% of the circumference of the shaft (10).

Abstract: The invention provides methods of preparation of lipoproteins from a biological sample, including HDL, LDL, Lp(a), IDL, and VLDL, for diagnostic purposes utilizing differential charged particle mobility analysis methods. Further provided are methods for analyzing the size distribution of lipoproteins by differential charged particle mobility, which lipoproteins are prepared by methods of the invention. Further provided are methods for assessing lipid-related health risk, cardiovascular condition, risk of cardiovascular disease, and responsiveness to a therapeutic intervention, which methods utilize lipoprotein size distributions determined by methods of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to systems, devices, and methods for performing biological reactions. In particular, the present invention relates to the use of lipophilic, water immiscible, or hydrophobic barriers in sample separation, purification, modification, and analysis processes.

Abstract: In order to provide a biocompatible material consisting mainly of a fish scale-derived hydroxyapatite and a fish scale-derived collagen, which is adjusted so that easily digested and absorbed in a human body, the material contains a composite consisting mainly of a fish scale-derived hydroxyapatite and a fish scale-derived collagen.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for refining native biomass to extremely fine and highly disrupted particles using high shear and/or cavitation in combination with high temperature and high or low pH conditions which dissolve biomass to a high percentage. The method of the present invention results in a high percentage of hydrolysis, in many cases near theoretical levels, in short residence times while minimizing inputs over other methods, using low chemical inputs, and optionally with no chemical inputs in certain stages compared to existing processes. The method of the present invention also uses minimal electrical energy inputs and conserves heat energy within the process and reduces equipment requirements while producing concentrated products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for isolating polypepitdes from cells. The methods may be used to isolate denatured polypeptides or native polypeptides. In one embodiment the methods may be used to isolated polypeptide from cytosolic and nuclear compartments of eukaryotic cells. In one embodiment the methods may be used to isolate polypeptides from bacterial cells.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to prepare DNA, RNA, and a protein from one cell and to provide a convenient preparation method with high reproducibility. To prepare a protein, DNA, and RNA from a cell, nuclear and cytoplasmic separation is performed, and a protein, DNA, and RNA are then extracted.

Abstract: A method for separating proteins and fats from an egg mixture is disclosed herein. The method includes a step of microfiltration of the egg mixture, wherein microfiltration includes pumping across a filter an egg mixture containing egg yolk and egg whites (albumen). An egg powder obtained from egg and a high gel strength egg powder are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for purifying a virus, or a viral antigen thereof, comprising at least the following steps: a) obtaining a fluid comprising the virus, or a viral antigen thereof, and b) purifying the fluid by at least one density gradient ultracentrifugation step, wherein the ratio of the amount of virus, or viral antigen thereof, present in the fluid over the density gradient volume is less than 1, less than 0.8, less than 0.6 and less than 0.4.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a depth filter layer with inorganic layer double hydroxide, a method for production thereof, a filtration device containing this, a method for the separation of at least one contaminant from at least one target product in a liquid medium by means of at least one upstream depth filter layer and the use of the depth filter layer for removal of contaminants. The depth filter layer selectively retains contaminants such as nucleic acids, while target proteins of biotechnological processes are transmissible into the filtrate.

Abstract: It has been required to refold an inactive protein into an active protein with high efficacy. This problem can be solved by the method for producing a protein including a step of providing a porous body supporting an inactive protein in its mesopores, a step of applying a denaturant to the porous body supporting the inactive protein, and a step of changing the inactive protein to an active protein by removing the denaturant from the porous body.

Abstract: A preservation solution for preserving a biological material at a low temperature including one or more polyphenols, and a method for preserving a biological material are provided. The method includes adding the preservation solution to a biological material, cooling the biological material and storing it under appropriate storing conditions. The method can be used for hypothermic preservation or for cryopreservation, including freezing and lyophilization, of any biological material, including cells selected from RBC, WBC, MNC, UCB, HSC and bacteria. A method is also provided for freezing RBCs such that upon thawing, the RBCs include less than 2% free hemoglobin.

Abstract: Shark cartilage extract has been shown to be an antagonist of parathyroid hypertensive factor (PHF). In view of this, shark cartilage extract can be used to treat conditions related to excessive PHF activity. Such diseases include hypertension and some other diseases related to intracellular calcium elevation. Methods for producing the shark cartilage extract and methods for administering the extract are disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an effective method for the refolding of denatured proteins in solution so that properly folded, biologically active protein in solution is recovered in high yield. The refolding takes place at pressures between about 0.25 kbar to about 3.5 kbar, advantageously at about 1.5 kbar to about 3 kbar. Typically a chaotropic agent is present at a concentration which is not effective for denaturing protein at atmospheric pressure, and optionally, oxidation-reduction reagents can be incorporated in the refolding solution so that native intramolecular disulfide bonds can be formed where that is desired. The method is applicable to substantially all proteins, especially after solubilization and/or denaturation of insoluble protein aggregates, inclusion bodies, or abnormal oligomeric (soluble) aggregates.

Abstract: This invention provides a mixing method by which a mixing object can be uniformly mixed into a gelled assembly within a short time period. The method for mixing a mixing object into a gelled assembly comprises freezing the gelled assembly; melting the frozen assembly to obtain a sol; mixing the resultant sol and the mixing object; and reconstituting the gelled assembly from the sol into which the mixing object has been mixed.

Abstract: A method of refolding proteins expressed in non-mammalian cells present in concentrations of 2.0 g/L or higher is disclosed. The method comprises identifying the thiol pair ratio and the redox buffer strength to achieve conditions under which efficient folding at concentrations of 2.0 g/L or higher is achieved and can be employed over a range of volumes, including commercial scale.

Abstract: An extraction method for a target bio-molecule of a sample solution is described. First, a substrate having a thermally responsive polymer brush immobilized thereon is provided. The thermally responsive polymer brush has a lower critical solution temperature (LCST). Thereafter, while the sample solution flows over the substrate, the temperature of the sample solution or the substrate or both is decreased to less than the LCST, so that the target bio-molecule of the sample solution is captured inside the thermally responsive polymer brush. Afterwards, while the extraction solution flows over the substrate, the temperature of the extraction solution or the substrate or both is increased to more than the LCST, so that the captured target bio-molecule of the sample solution is released out of the thermally responsive polymer brush.

Abstract: An extractor and a method using the extractor for extracting active principle from solid materials using an extracting fluid, said extractor comprising among others an extractor column (1), having a first side (22), a second side (23), a top side (24), and a bottom side (25); a top plate (10) for sealing the said extractor column (1), said top plate (10) positioned at said top side (24), at least one perforated plate (4) having projections (5); wherein said perforated plate (4) is positioned inside said extractor column (1) by means of a screw shaft (3), wherein said screw shaft (3) passes through said top plate (10) by means of a leak proof joint (12); wherein said joint (12) allows rotation of said screw shaft (3).