Abstract: A catalyst that is used in the catalytic pyrolysis of biomass is regenerated by oxidation and washing with a liquid to remove minerals and restore catalyst activity and selectivity to aromatics.

Abstract: The invention relates to carbon surfaces modified with one or more azide groups. The invention also relates to methods of modifying carbon surfaces with one or more azide groups.

Abstract: A process is described for preparing aromatic diazonium salts, wherein the starting compound is an aromatic amide and the amide bond is first split hydrolytically and the amine compound thus obtained is diazotized with an inorganic nitrite salt. The diazonium salts thus obtained can be converted to stable salts and then serve as starting materials for further reactions, such as the Heck reaction.

Abstract: A composition of matter is disclosed that comprises a compound of the formula: wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted and substituted biphenyl moieties, unsubstituted and substituted fluorenyl moieties, unsubstituted and substituted carbazolyl moieties, and unsubstituted and substituted pyridyl moieties; and R2 is hydrogen or alkyl. The compositions are useful as insecticides, acaricides, and fungicides.

Abstract: A method for producing by electrochemical reduction a carbon-containing material with its surface modified by organic groups, in particular functionalized organic groups, contacting the carbon-containing material with an organic diazonium salt in solvent, optionally in the presence of an electrolyte; negative polarisation of the carbon-containing material relative to an anode also in contact with an electrolyte solution separate from the diazonium salt solution. The electrochemical reduction is carried out on an organic diazonium salt in protic solvent in an acid medium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for desalting aqueous suspensions containing an organic diazonium compound and electrolytes containing Na ions, in which the aqueous suspension is passed through a semipermeable membrane.

Abstract: Processes for preparing a carbon product having an organic group attached to a carbon material. The carbon material is selected from graphite powder, a graphite fiber, a carbon fiber, a carbon cloth, a vitreous carbon product, and an activated carbon product. In one process at least one diazonium salt reacts with a carbon material in the absence of an externally applied electric current sufficient to reduce the diazonium salt. In another process at least one diazonium salt reacts with a carbon material in a protic reaction medium.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to aqueous compositions of organic diazo compounds which are capable of being readily handled in commercial applications and to the surface modification of polymeric substrates utilizing the subject diazo composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to desensitized quinone diazide compounds for use as photoactive components in radiation-sensitive compositions, such as, especially, photoresists, which compounds contain microcrystalline cellulose as desensitizing agent.

Abstract: A light-sensitive compound having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of phenyl and C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alklyl substituted phenyl.--K-- is selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## --S--, --O--, and --CH.sub.2 --, or is absent; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, methoxy, ethoxy, butoxy, and H;X-- is an anion; andR denotes a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl group.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for preparing aromatic fluorides by diazotization-fluorination in hydrogen fluoride wherein the diazotized reaction mixture includes an oxidizing agent such as nitrosonium ion from excess diazotization agent. The improvement includes, prior to decomposing the diazonium fluoride, adding to the diazotized reaction mixture a member selected from hydrazine, aromatic hydrazine, semi-carbazide, thio-semicarbazide, acid salts thereof, sulfur dioxide, sodium sulfate, and sodium bisulfite to remove at least a portion of the oxidizing agent. Urea was found to be ineffective.

Abstract: A diazonium salt polycondensation product which comprises units of(a) a diazonium salt represented by the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms, alkyl groups or alkoxy groups andX is the anion of an aminoalkanesulfonic acid, and(b) a compound represented by the formulaR.sup.4 --O--CH.sub.2 --R.sup.6 --CH.sub.2 --O--R.sup.5 (II)in whichR.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups or aliphatic acyl radicals andR.sup.6 is the radical of an aromatic hydrocarbon, a phenol, a phenol ether, an aromatic thioether, an aromatic heterocyclic compound or an organic acid amide,and which is suitable as a light-sensitive substance for the preparation of planographic printing plates that can be developed with pure water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of 1-diazo-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid by diazotizing 1-amino-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid in weakly acid medium and in the presence of iron ions, using only 1 to 30 millimoles of an iron compound per mole of 1-amino-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid. Such an insignificant amount is sufficient to protect the 1-amino-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid effectively from being oxidized to 1,2-naphthoquinonesulfonic acid and to afford the desired reaction product in good yield.

Abstract: A photosensitive composition of this invention comprises:(a) a photosensitive diazo resin represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl or alkoxy group, R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl or phenyl group, X represents PF.sub.6 or BF.sub.4 and n represents a number of 1 to 200, in which a resin with the number n in the above formula being 5 or more is contained by more than 20 mol %,(b) an oleophilic high molecular weight compound with hydroxyl group and(c) a high molecular weight organic acid without hydroxyl group, and in which the content of the ingredient (c) is from 1.5 to 30% by weight based on the solid matter in said composition.The photosensitive composition of this invention can provide a photosensitive layer having high sensitivity and being excellent in storage stability and developability as well as excellent in the film strength.

Abstract: An improved reagent combination of the type comprising a first solution comprising an aryl amine and an acid; and a second solution comprising a nitrite compound. The regent combination is characterized in that is further comprises a salt, wherein the salt is present in any preselected distribution in the solutions.Also, an improved method for colorimetrically determining bilirubin in a sample comprising mixing an aliquot of the above first solution with an aliquot of the above second solution to form a stable diazo reagent; contacting a sample to be assayed with a total bilirubin accelerator buffer system to form a prereaction medium; contacting the prereaction medium with the stable diazo reagent; and measuring the color of the azobilirubin formed form the coupling reaction of the stable diazo reagent with the bilirubin present in said sample.In addition, an improved method for producing a diazo reagent of the type comprising reacting an aryl amine with a nitrite compound in the presence of an acid.

Abstract: A heat-sensitive recording material is described, comprising a support having provided thereon a recording layer comprising a binder containing a diazonium compound and a coupling component, said diazonium compound being a diazonium salt represented by formula (I)ArN.sub.2.sup.+ X.sup.- (I)wherein Ar represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic moiety; and X.sup.- represents an acid anion containing an alkyl group having three or more fluorine atoms.

Abstract: Novel diazonium salts which possess excellent photo speed, good thermal stability, exceptional resistance to discoloration in the D.sub.min areas, rapid development, and allow a wide range of azo dye colors are provided. The diazonium salts are of the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is tertiary butyl or tertiary amyl; Y is hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, cyanoalkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, aralkylthio, arylthio, alkylthio, halogen, allyl, allyloxy, allylthio, cyanoalkoxy, hydroxyalkoxy, methoxyalkoxy, trifluoroalkyl, alkylacetylamino, morpholino, or dialkyl carbonamido;R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are the same or different, and are alkyl, aralkyl, allyl, cyanoalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydrogen, acyl, cycloalkyl, beta-chloroalkyl, branched alkyl, or a structure wherein R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 may be linked together to form a heterocyclic structure; andX is an anion.