Abstract: A process for the oxidation of powder materials containing starch, which comprises the steps of mixing a powder material comprising starch with an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), adding to the mixture thus obtained an aqueous solution of ammonia which reacts with said mixture and drying the mixture to obtain a powder material containing oxidized starch.

Abstract: This invention relates to a stable aqueous disersion suitable for application to different substrates and especially to paper substrates for producing a barrier layer against compounds of the saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon type. The said aqueous dispersion are characterised in that they comprise destructurized starch in a complexed form. The present invention refers also to the use of said aqueous dispersion as a coating composition for paper based substrates, as microencapsulant of fragrances and as film-forming component for paints.

Abstract: A method for making aldehyde-functionalized polysaccharides having pendant aldehyde groups is described. The method involves the hydroformylation of an alkene-functionalized polysaccharide. The resulting aldehyde-functionalized polysaccharides are useful for forming hydrogel tissue adhesives and sealants for medical applications.

Abstract: Novel aldehyde-functionalized polysaccharide compositions containing pendant dialdehyde groups are described that are more stable in aqueous solution than oxidized polysaccharides. The aldehyde-functionalized polysaccharides may be reacted with various amine-containing polymers to form hydrogel tissue adhesives and sealants that may be useful for medical applications such as wound closure, supplementing or replacing sutures or staples in internal surgical procedures such as intestinal anastomosis and vascular anastomosis, tissue repair, preventing leakage of fluids such as blood, bile, gastrointestinal fluid and cerebrospinal fluid, ophthalmic procedures, drug delivery, and preventing post-surgical adhesions.

Abstract: Novel aldehyde-functionalized polysaccharide compositions are described that are more stable in aqueous solution than oxidized polysaccharides or other types of polysaccharides containing pendant aldehyde groups. The aldehyde-functionalized polysaccharides may be reacted with various amine-containing polymers to form hydrogel tissue adhesives and sealants that may be useful for medical applications such as wound closure, supplementing or replacing sutures or staples in internal surgical procedures such as intestinal anastomosis and vascular anastomosis, tissue repair, preventing leakage of fluids such as blood, bile, gastrointestinal fluid and cerebrospinal fluid, ophthalmic procedures, drug delivery, and preventing post-surgical adhesions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for coupling low-molecular weight substances to a starch-derived modified polysaccharide. The binding interaction between the modified polysaccharide and the low-molecular weight substance is based on a covalent bond which is the result of a coupling reaction between the terminal aldehyde group or a functional group of the modified polysaccharide molecule resulting from the chemical reaction of this aldehyde group and a functional group of the low-molecular weight substance which reacts with this aldehyde group or with the resulting functional group of the polysaccharide molecule. The bond directly resulting from the coupling reaction can be optionally modified by a further reaction to the aforementioned covalent bond. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions that comprise conjugates formed in this coupling process and to the use of said conjugates and compositions for the prophylaxis or therapy of the human or animal body.

Abstract: Surface-treated carboxyalkylated polysaccharides comprising a biobased content of at least 82% are described herein. The surface-treated carboxyalkylated polysaccharides comprise a CRC of at least 18 g/g, a FSC of at least 26 g/g, and an AUL at 0.7 psi of at least 14 g/g. Processes for the manufacture of surface-treated carboxyalkylated polysaccharides are also described herein.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the preparation of a hydroxyalkyl starch derivative which comprises reacting hydroxyalkyl starch (HAS) via the optionally oxidized reducing end of the HAS with the amino group M of a crosslinking compound which, apart from the amino group, comprises a specifically protected carbonyl group, namely an acetal group or a ketal group.

Abstract: A method of preparing a surface-treated cellulosic substrate, the method comprising applying a surface treatment composition to a cellulosic substrate, the composition being prepared by a method comprising the steps of introducing a source of boron, a crosslinking di-aldehyde, and a blocking agent to form a crosslinking composition; introducing the crosslinking solution with starch and optionally pigments and/or optionally polymeric particles to form the composition.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the cosmetic use of grafted polysaccharide compounds comprising at least one non-polymer siloxane graft that may be obtained by reacting a polysaccharide and a siloxane compound corresponding to formula (I), such as for the cosmetic treatment of keratin materials. The disclosure also relates to compositions comprising the grafted polysaccharide compounds in a cosmetically acceptable medium, and also to certain novel grafted polysaccharide compounds comprising at least one non-polymer siloxane graft.

Abstract: Novel aldehyde-functionalized polysaccharide compositions containing pendant dialdehyde groups are described that are more stable in aqueous solution than oxidized polysaccharides. The aldehyde-functionalized polysaccharides may be reacted with various amine-containing polymers to form hydrogel tissue adhesives and sealants that may be useful for medical applications such as wound closure, supplementing or replacing sutures or staples in internal surgical procedures such as intestinal anastomosis and vascular anastomosis, tissue repair, preventing leakage of fluids such as blood, bile, gastrointestinal fluid and cerebrospinal fluid, ophthalmic procedures, drug delivery, and preventing post-surgical adhesions.

Abstract: Novel aldehyde-functionalized polysaccharide compositions are described that are more stable in aqueous solution than oxidized polysaccharides or other types of polysaccharides containing pendant aldehyde groups. The aldehyde-functionalized polysaccharides may be reacted with various amine-containing polymers to form hydrogel tissue adhesives and sealants that may be useful for medical applications such as wound closure, supplementing or replacing sutures or staples in internal surgical procedures such as intestinal anastomosis and vascular anastomosis, tissue repair, preventing leakage of fluids such as blood, bile, gastrointestinal fluid and cerebrospinal fluid, ophthalmic procedures, drug delivery, and preventing post-surgical adhesions.

Abstract: A method of producing a hydroxyalkyl starch (HAS) derivative, comprising a) reacting optionally oxidized hydroxyalkyl starch with a compound (D) comprising at least two functional groups —O—NH2 or a salt thereof, and b) reacting the hydroxyalkyl starch derivative obtained in step a) with a compound (L) comprising at least two functional groups W1 and W2 independently selected from the group consisting of an aldehyde group, a suitably protected aldehyde group, a keto group, and a suitably protected keto group.

Abstract: The use of chemically modified dicarboxy polysaccharides for the topical treatment of the eyeball are described. The modified polysaccharides provide a carrier in solutions for the treatment of the eyeball to obtain a timed release.

Abstract: Polysaccharide aldehydes are prepared using selective oxidation involving the use of nitroxyl radical mediated aqueous oxidation with a limited amount of oxidant and defined reaction conditions. These polysaccharide aldehyde derivatives having maximum effective aldehyde and minimal carboxylic acid levels making them especially useful as wet, temporary wet and dry strength additives for paper.

Abstract: Disclosed are derivatized malto-oligosaccharides and methods for the preparation thereof. In accordance with the disclosed invention, a malto-oligosaccharide is hydrogenated to thereby obtain a hydrogenated malto-oligosaccharide, and the resulting hydrogenated malto-oligosaccharide is derivatized, such as via oxidation, esterification, etherification, or enzymatic modification. The derivatization of such hydrogenated malto-oligosaccharides results in a surprisingly low level of a formation of by-products and products of degradation. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, a mixture of malto-oligosaccharides is catalytically hydrogenated under reaction conditions suitable to substantially preserve the degree of polymerization (DP) profile of the mixture. The resulting malto-oligosaccharide mixture then is derivatized to form a derivatized malto-oligosaccharide mixture.

Abstract: Polysaccharide aldehydes are prepared using selective oxidation involving the use of nitroxyl radical mediated aqueous oxidation with a limited amount of oxidant and defined reaction conditions. These polysaccharide aldehyde derivatives having maximum effective aldehyde and minimal carboxylic acid levels making them especially useful as wet, temporary wet and dry strength additives for paper.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition that includes a material that is susceptible to degradation and a preserving agent in an amount effective to preserve the material comprising one or more reduced malto-oligosaccharide species. The preserving agent can include a single reduced malto-oligosaccharide species or a plurality of such species. Further disclosed is a method of preserving a material. The method generally includes contacting the material with a preserving agent containing a preserving effective amount of one or more reduced malto-oligosaccharide species. Solutions, powders, glasses, gels, and the like containing the chemically reactive material(s) and a preserving effective amount of one or more reduced malto-oligosaccharide species may be prepared.

Abstract: Disclosed are derivatized malto-oligosaccharides and methods for the preparation thereof. In accordance with the disclosed invention, a malto-oligosaccharide is hydrogenated to thereby obtain a hydrogenated malto-oligosaccharide, and the resulting hydrogenated malto-oligosaccharide is derivatized, such as via oxidation, esterification, etherification, or enzymatic modification. The derivatization of such hydrogenated malto-oligosaccharides results in a surprisingly low level of a formation of by-products and products of degradation. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, a mixture of malto-oligosaccharides is catalytically hydrogenated under reaction conditions suitable to substantially preserve the degree of polymerization (DP) profile of the mixture. The resulting malto-oligosaccharide mixture then is derivatized to form a derivatized malto-oligosaccharide mixture.

Abstract: According to the present disclosure, starch/polymer combinations are provided. The preferred starch/polymer combinations are usable as paper additives, in the wet end of a papermaking process. Typical and preferred starch/polymer combinations of this type, result from combining a starch, having a polymer reactive carbonyl functionality, with a polymer, having a carbonyl reactive functionality, under conditions that allow for covalent interaction between the two. Typically usable components comprise oxidized starch and polymer having reactive primary or reactive secondary amine groups. Also provided are methods of preparing such combinations, methods of use, preferred papers including such combinations, and, analytical techniques usable in preparation of such combinations.

Abstract: A process for producing biopolymer nanoparticles is described, in which the biopolymer is plasticised using shear forces, a crosslinking agent being added during the processing. After said processing. After said processing, the biopolymer can be dissolved or dispersed in an aqueous medium to a concentration between 4 and 40 wt. %. This results in starch nanoparticles which are characterized by an average particle size of less than 400 nm.

Abstract: Polysaccharide aldehydes are prepared using selective oxidation involving the use of nitroxyl radical mediated aqueous oxidation with a limited amount of oxidant and defined reaction conditions. These polysaccharide aldehyde derivatives having maximum effective aldehyde and minimal carboxylic acid levels making them especially useful as wet, temporary wet and dry strength additives for paper.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a process for the regeneration and recovery of periodate from a spent iodate solution, by reacting the iodate with at least an equimolar amount of peroxosulfate. The regenerated periodate is especially suitable for oxidizing carbohydrates to dialdehyde carbohydrates. The oxidation and regeneration can also be carried out in a single stage using a catalytic amount of periodate only.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition that includes a material that is susceptible to degradation and a preserving agent in an amount effective to preserve the material comprising one or more reduced malto-oligosaccharide species. The preserving agent can include a single reduced malto-oligosaccharide species or a plurality of such species. Further disclosed is a method of preserving a material. The method generally includes contacting the material with a preserving agent containing a preserving effective amount of one or more reduced malto-oligosaccharide species. Solutions, powders, glasses, gels, and the like containing the chemically reactive material(s) and a preserving effective amount of one or more reduced malto-oligosaccharide species may be prepared.

Abstract: A simplified process for oxidizing starch and other polysaccharides in an aqueous solution or suspension using hypochlorite in the presence of a catalytic amount of a nitroxyl compound is described. The oxidation is process is bromide-free and is carried out at a pH between 7 and 8.3 and at a temperature between 15 and 25° C.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition that includes a material that is susceptible to degradation and a preserving agent in an amount effective to preserve the material comprising one or more reduced malto-oligosaccharide species. The preserving agent can include a single reduced malto-oligosaccharide species or a plurality of such species. Further disclosed is a method of preserving a material. The method generally includes contacting the material with a preserving agent containing a preserving effective amount of one or more reduced malto-oligosaccharide species. Solutions, powders, glasses, gels, and the like containing the chemically reactive material(s) and a preserving effective amount of one or more reduced malto-oligosaccharide species may be prepared.

Abstract: Polysaccharide aldehydes are prepared using selective oxidation involving the use of nitroxyl radical mediated aqueous oxidation with a limited amount of oxidant and defined reaction conditions. These polysaccharide aldehyde derivatives having maximum effective aldehyde and minimal carboxylic acid levels making them especially useful as wet, temporary wet and dry strength additives for paper.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a process for the regeneration and recovery of periodate from a spent iodate solution, by reacting the iodate with at least an equimolar amount of hypohalite, and carrying out the recovery in the presence of a water-miscible organic solvent or potassium ions or divalent metal (especially calcium) ions. The regenerated periodate is especially suitable for oxidising carbohydrates to dialdehyde carbohydrates.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing a malto-oligosaccharide derived glycoside. Generally, the method comprises providing a malto-oligosaccharide and glycosylating the malto-oligosaccharide with an alcohol or a thiol under conditions suitable to form a malto-oligosaccharide derived glycoside. Also disclosed is a method for preparing a mixture of malto-oligosaccharide derived glycosides by providing a mixture of malto-oligosaccharides and glycosylating the malto-oligosaccharides with an alcohol or a thiol under substantially anhydrous conditions to form a mixture of malto-oligosaccharide derived glycosides.

Abstract: A concentrated polyol composition, having a water content from 10-17%, preferably between 12 and 16%, and comprising from 35 to 90% of hydrogenated monosaccharides including at least 30% of sorbitol, and from 0 to 45% of hydrogenated disaccharides, these percentages being expressed as dry weight relative to the dry weight of all the hydrogenated saccharides contained in the said composition. This concentrated polyol composition may advantageously be unsweetened. This concentrated polyol composition may be used as a medium for dispersing hydrophilic polymers, and in particular cellulose, as well as for the preparation of pharmaceutical or cosmetological products such as toothpastes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing a noncrystallizable polyol syrup stable to heat and to alkaline medium, using a step of hydrogenation of a sugar syrup and a step of caramelization of the hydrogenated sugar syrup, wherein the hydrogenated and caramelized sugar syrup is subjected to purification on ion-exchange resins, the said purification comprising at least one passage over a strong cationic resin at a temperature of less than 50° C., the said temperature being chosen according to the level of reducing sugars desired in the noncrystallizable polyol syrup. It also relates to the use of the polyol syrup obtained for the preparation of toothpastes.

Abstract: Disclosed are derivatized malto-oligosaccharides and methods for the preparation thereof. In accordance with the disclosed invention, a malto-oligosaccharide is hydrogenated to thereby obtain a hydrogenated malto-oligosaccharide, and the resulting hydrogenated malto-oligosaccharide is derivatized, such as via oxidation, esterification, etherification, or enzymatic modification. The derivatization of such hydrogenated malto-oligosaccharides results in a surprisingly low level of a formation of by-products and products of degradation. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, a mixture of malto-oligosaccharides is catalytically hydrogenated under reaction conditions suitable to substantially preserve the degree of polymerization (DP) profile of the mixture. The resulting malto-oligosaccharide mixture then is derivatized to form a derivatized malto-oligosaccharide mixture.

Abstract: Conjugate probes are prepared in a one step process by incubating a macromolecule and a labeling group with an unsaturated polyaldehyde as the conjugating agent. The conjugating agent is capable of bonding virtually any labeling group to a macromolecule. Conjugate probes have been shown to have a high degree of specificity and exhibit a strong signal with minimal background.

Abstract: The present invention provides a peritoneal dialysis solution that contains heat stable osmotic agents such as D-glucitols, gluconic acids and alkylglycosides produced the reduction, oxidation or glycosylation of icodextrins respectively. As a result, osmotic agents that are stable under autoclaving or heat sterilization conditions are provided which reduces the amount of bioincompatible materials in the sterilized peritoneal dialysis solutions. Methods of preparing the D-glucitols, gluconic acids and alkylglycosides are disclosed.

Abstract: Stable, cold water soluble, ready for use starch aldehyde compositions and the method of preparation of such compositions wherein an aqueous dispersion of a converted starch acetal is hydrolyzed under acidic conditions to form the starch aldehyde which is then spray dried into a cold water soluble starch aldehyde powder.

Abstract: The invention relates to a polyol composition exhibiting a very high heat stability and a very high chemical stability, characterized in that it exhibits an optical density lower than or equal to 0.100 in an S test. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of such a composition, this process consisting in subjecting a polyol syrup to a stabilization stage such as a fermentation, an oxidation or a caramelization, and then to a purification stage. The invention also relates to the application of this composition to the manufacture of products using alkalis or undergoing a heat treatment at high temperature.

Abstract: Compounds comprising the oxidation product of a polysaccharide in which the hydroxyl groups in at least a portion of the repeating units of the polysaccharide are cis-hydroxyl groups, the oxidation product comprising aldehyde groups, are disclosed. The compounds are useful for imparting temporary wet strength to paper products. Preferred polysaccharides for use in the invention include guar gum and locust bean gum.

Abstract: The invention relates to a water-soluble, haemolytically inactive dextran fatty carboxylate with amphiphilic properties made from a dextran with an average molecular weight of 5,000 to 100,000 and a C.sub.10 to C.sub.14 fatty acid, preferably a C.sub.12 fatty acid, wherein the average degree of substitution is between 0.005 and 0.15 and is adjusted, depending on the average molecular weight of the dextran fatty carboxylate and the chain-length of the fatty acid used, in such a way that the dextran fatty carboxylate is soluble in water at room temperature, a process for its preparation and pharmaceutical or cosmetic preparations which contain it as solubilizer.

Abstract: A method for distinguishing between carbohydrates or glycoconjugates in a mixture thereof, wherein the or each carbohydrate or glycoconjugate is a hydrophilic fluorescently-labelled saccharide molecule, wherein the label is a --NR--Ph--CO-- group, wherein R is selected from H and substituents, and Ph is phenylene.

Abstract: The invention relates to polysaccharides which are crosslinked with bifunctional crosslinkers and are no longer water-soluble but are still biodegradable, have a swelling of from 100 to 1000%, where the swelling, which means the percentage gain in weight, is determined by the following equation: ##EQU1## in which A is the percentage gain in weight, W.sub.o is the weight of the dry polymer and W.sub.t is the weight of the swollen polymer saturated with water. It likewise relates to a process for preparing the crosslinked polysaccharides and to the use of the crosslinked polysaccharides for coating and/or embedding medicinal active substances or drug compositions. The invention furthermore relates to a drug which contains an active substance which acts in the large intestine or an active substance which is broken down on passing through the stomach or small intestine, coated with or embedded in one of the crosslinked polysaccharides.

Abstract: A process for the production of polycarboxylic acids or salts thereof from polysaccharides by oxidation with nitrogen dioxide/dinitrogen tetroxide with at least partial conversion of the primary alcohol groups of the polysaccharides into carboxyl groups and optionally at least partial neutralization of the carboxylic acid groups formed is provided. The oxidation reaction is carried out in a closed reaction system in the presence of oxygen under pressures of 2 bar to 10 bar and at a temperature above room temperature. Nitrogen dioxide/dinitrogen tetroxide is used in such quantities that, in the event of a theoretically complete shift of the equilibrium onto the nitrogen dioxide side, the nitrogen dioxide is present in quantities of at most 2 mole equivalents, based on the content of monomer unit of the polysaccharide containing one primary alcohol group.

Abstract: A process for producing a starch intermediate product in which the reactive hydroxy groups are activated by swelling and disintegrating starch with dilute aqueous-alkali lye, precipitating the disintegrated starch from an aqueous-alkali solution by adding a precipitant which is miscible with water, separating the precipitated disintegrated starch, which exists in a highly activated form, from the filtrate producing a starch intermediate product, and drying the starch intermediate product. A starch intermediate product produced by this process results in a starch which exists in a highly activated form but which is stable in storage.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a surface-crosslinked, modified polysaccharide having improved absorption properties. The method involves forming a mixture of water and a crosslinking agent, adding a generally water-soluble, modified polysaccharide to said mixture wherein the surface of the polysaccharide becomes crosslinked, and drying the modified polysaccharide. Also described is a surface-crosslinked, modified polysaccharide having improved absorption properties.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a surface-crosslinked, modified polysaccharide having improved absorption properties. The method involves forming a mixture of water and a crosslinking agent, adding a generally water-soluble, modified polysaccharide to said mixture wherein the surface of the polysaccharide becomes crosslinked, and drying the modified polysaccharide. Also described is a surface-crosslinked, modified polysaccharide having improved absorption properties.

Abstract: A method of attaching dialdehyde starch to surfaces is disclosed. A substrate to which substances may be coupled, which substrate comprises at least one surface coated with dialdehyde starch, and products produced utilizing the substrate are also provided.

Abstract: There is disclosed a nuclear magnetic resonance imaging agent comprising a complex compound composed of (a) a dialdehyde-saccharide having a molecular weight of from 500 to 10,000, at least one of the constituent monosaccharides of which is oxidation-cleaved, (b) at least one complexing agent which is chemically coupled to an aldehyde group of the dialdehyde-saccharide and (c) a paramagnetic metal ion which is chemically coupled to the complexing agent.

Abstract: Modified starch dispersions are prepared by gelatinizing various starches and starch blends and reacting the starch in the presence of a glyoxal compound to produce an aqueous starch dispersion having a storage-stable and coatable viscosity. The starch dispersions provides a film which displays good tensile strength and elongation properties.

Abstract: Polysaccharide aldehydes having the formula ##STR1## or Sacch--O--CH.sub.2 --Ar--CHO (II) such as starch, cellulose, and gum aldehydes, are useful as paper additives for imparting strength and as the granular or gelatinized portion of a corrugating adhesive. Those having formula I are prepared by a nonoxidative method which involves reacting the polysaccharide base, in the presence of alkali, with a derivatizing acetal reagent having the general structure ##STR2## and then hydrolyzing the acetal by adjusting the pH to less than 7, preferably 2-4. In the formula Ar is an aryl group, optionally containing an ether linkage, or an alkaryl group and A and A' are lower alkyls or together form at least a 5-membered cyclic acetal. The polysaccharide aldehydes are crosslinked by the addition of selected polyfunctional crosslinkers such as an aliphatic primary polyamine or polyketone.

Abstract: Polysaccharide aldehydes having the formula Sacch--O--CH.sub.2 --CH.dbd.CH--CHO, ##STR1## such as starch, cellulose, and gum aldehydes, are useful for imparting wet, dry, or temporary wet strength to paper. They are prepared by a non-oxidative method which involves reacting the polysaccharide base, in the presence of alkali, with a derivatizing acetal reagent having the general structure ##STR2## and then hydrolyzing the acetal by adjusting the pH to less than 7, preferably 2-4. In the formulas, n is 1-3; R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 are independently an alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, or alkaryl group when n is 1, R.sup.11 or R.sup.12 is one of the groups when n is 2, or R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 are not present when n is 3; R.sup.13 is an alkyl group, optionally containing an ether linkage, or an aralkyl group; R.sup.14 and R.sup.15 are individually a hydrogen or a methyl group; R.sup.16, R.sup.17, and R.sup.

Abstract: A radioactive diagnostic agent which comprises (1) a unit of a polyformyl compound having at least three formyl groups per molecule, (2) at least two units of an amino group-containing chelating compound bonded to the polyformyl compound a methyleneimine linkage (--CH.dbd.N--) or a methyleneamine linkage (--.sub.2 NH--) formed by the condensation between the formyl group in the polyformyl compound and the amino group in the chelating compound, optionally followed by reduction, (3) at least one unit of an amino group-containing physiologically active substance bonded to the polyformyl compound by a methyleneimine linkage or a methyleneamine linkage formed by the condensation between the formyl group in the polyformyl compound and the amino group in the physiologically active substance, optionally followed by reduction, and (4) at least two radioactive metallic elements of which each is bonded to the chelating compound through a chelating bond.