Abstract: A method for the aralkylation of anthracyclins by utilizing an aralkylating agent R3—CH2X (for example, BnBr) in accordance with the reaction pathway describe by the scheme shown in FIG. 1. The present invention recognizes that 4-R1, 3?-N3-Daunomycines are suitable substrates for selective 4?-O-benzylation, yielding 4-R1, 3?-N3-4?-O-Aralkyl-Daunorubicines (in particular, 4?-O-Bn-Daunomycines). Thus, the present invention provides a pathway for a simple production of 4?-O-aralkylated derivatives of anthracyclines which can be effectively used to produce anthracyclines.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for synthesizing macrolide compounds which are known to have antibacterial activity, and are useful in the therapy of bacterial infections in mammals. More specifically, the invention relates to methods for synthesizing the macrolide antibiotic, gamithromycin utilizing a novel configuration of catalysts, chemical structures, and/or methods. An embodiment of the present invention may include allowing multiple chemical reactions to proceed without the isolation of chemical intermediates. Thus, multiple reactions may occur in one reaction vessel allowing for a considerable decrease in the cycle-time. The present invention also provides a novel method for inhibiting degradation while isolating a structure of a pharmaceutical composition.

Abstract: Fire extinguishing compositions and methods of extinguishing a fire comprising compounds of formula (I) where Rf is a fluorocarbon group. The compounds and compositions described herein are useful as intermediates in the preparation of or as additives to AFFF (aqueous film forming foam) formulations used for the extinguishment of fuel and solvent fires.

Abstract: Methods of synthesizing sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors, as well as compounds useful therein, are disclosed. Particular inhibitors are compounds of formula I.

Abstract: This invention discloses a method of manufacturing clarithromycin, where an erythromycin A 9-oxime thiocyanate salt is used directly to perform an etherification reaction, and then successively silanizattion, methylattion and hydrolysis reactions are sequentially conducted. It is a new process with simple process with a high yield, low cost, less pollution, high quality and is suitable for commercial manufacturing.

Abstract: Method of producing granulated maltitol, including the stages: preparing maltitol syrup having less than 50 wt.% dry matter and greater than 70 wt. % maltitol, introducing to a fluidized air bed granulator, a pulverulent bed of crystallized maltitol with a concentration at least equal to 99 wt. % and a mean diameter between 30 and 100 ?m, controlling the air inlet temperature between 100 and 120° C. and air velocity between 1 and 2 m/s. fine spraying the maltitol syrup into the granulator, at between 35 and 45° C., onto the moving pulverulent bed; the bed being between 30 and 60° C.; the mass of the bed representing constantly at least 2.5 times the mass of the sprayed syrup, drying, after fine spraying, by raising the air temperature below the melting point of maltitol to obtain a bed temperature between 70 and 80° C., cooling the granulated maltitol to at most 25° C. and collecting.

Abstract: This invention describes processes for the convergent synthesis of calicheamicin derivatives, and similar analogs using bifunctional and trifunctional linker intermediates.

Abstract: A method of preparing a ribofuranose derivative essentially free of pyranose compounds includes a step of contacting a solution of MDR containing MDRP as an impurity in a solvent including methanol and/or tetrahydrofuran with at least one alkali metal periodate under conditions sufficient to oxidize at least a portion of the MDRP. MDR containing at most 5 wt % of MDRP based on the total weight of MDR and MDRP may be produced.

Abstract: As described herein, the present invention provides methods for preparing compounds useful for treating or lessening the severity of a neurodegenerative disorder. The present invention also provides methods of treating or lessening the severity of such disorders wherein said method comprises administering to a patient a compound of the present invention, or composition thereof. Said method is useful for treating or lessening the severity of, for example, Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract: There is provided a method of producing a plant composition comprising dehydrosoyasaponin I (D-I), the method comprising the steps of extracting a plant flour with a solvent capable of extracting soyasaponins to produce an extract, and treating the extract with light. Also provided are compositions produced according to the method of the present invention.

Abstract: After various sugar nucleotide solutions and glycosyltransferases (or primers) have been mixed, they are introduced into a reaction tank (column) with primers (or glycosyltransferases) immobilized thereon. Then solutions coming out of the reaction tank are led to an ultrafiltration column. The oligosaccharide synthesizer according to the present invention is equipped with a flow path for ensuring that glycosyltransferases or primers separated by the ultrafiltration column are returned into a container for storing each solution in a sample injector.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of preparing a glycoside of a mono- or diacylglycerol product from a plant material. The method comprises the steps of: (i) optionally milling the plant material, (ii) extracting the optionally milled plant material with a first aqueous extraction solution obtaining a first liquid phase and a first solid phase, (iii) separating the liquid phase from the solid phase to obtain a glycoside of mono- or diacylglycerol product, (iv) extracting the solid phase from step (iii) with a second extraction solution obtaining a second liquid phase and a second phase, and (v) separating the second liquid phase from the second solid phase to obtain a second and a third glycoside of mono- or diacylglycerol product, wherein the second extraction solution further comprises a cell wall degrading enzyme or a mixture of cell wall degrading enzymes.

Abstract: In preparing a glycoside compound from (a) a furanose compound or pyranose compound, and (b) an alcohol compound, a process for preparing a glycoside compound in which glycosidic bond locates selectively trans form relative to C-2 hydroxyl group, the process comprising using a furanose compound wherein the hydroxyl at the 2-position may have a substituent protected with a group A, or a pyranose compound which may have a substituent wherein R2 and R3 are the same or different and are each alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or aryl having or not having a substituent, or R2 and R3 are combined to form alkylene having 2 to 4 carbon atoms (the alkylene may be substituted with alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or may have intervening phenylene), and m and n are each an integer of 0 or 1.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for analysis of fat-soluble components, in particular fat-soluble dyes, from biological materials, in particular foods and feeds, having facilitated extraction of the fat-soluble components from the biological materials with use of suitable dilution solutions and of the extractability using pertinent organic solvents or organic solvent mixtures and also an enrichment and separation method, with subsequent digital evaluation and documentation. It is proposed to treat the biological materials first with a dilution medium which makes the fat-soluble components more readily extractable from the complex biological matrix and subsequently with at least one organic solvent which extracts the components; the substances extracted into the organic supernatant are subsequently chromatographically enriched and separated and then visually assessed and/or measured.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a poly(alkoxylated) oligonucleotide is provided. The process comprises reacting an oligonucleotide which has been purified by ultrafiltration with a poly(alkoxide) thereby to form a poly(alkoxylated) oligonucleotide. The poly(alkoxyalted) oligonucleotide may be separated from non-poly(alkoxyalted) oligonucleotide by ultrafiltration under denaturing conditions, such as the presence of organic solvents, for example, ethanol; the presence of urea; the addition of chaotropic salts, for example perchlorate and guanidinium salts; the presence of formamide; and the application of heat, for example a temperature of up to about 70° C.

Abstract: A method of forming a sucrose-6-ester includes in sequence the steps of: a) contacting sucrose with a organotinbased acylation promoter in a solvent in the presence of a base selected from amines and basic alkali metal salts; b) removing water to form a tin-sucrose adduct; and c) contacting the tin-sucrose adduct with an acylating agent to form the sucrose- 6-ester. The sucrose-6-ester may then be converted to sucralose.

Abstract: An ?-selective glycosylation process of a glycosylation reaction between a sugar structure of hexose or an aldose having a chain with six or more carbon atoms in the molecule, which is a monosaccharide or a reducing end of an oligosaccharide with two or more monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages (an oligosaccharide with two monosaccharide residues is disaccharide) (also referred to as “a disaccharide to an oligosaccharide”) or a sugar chain and alcoholic hydroxyl group or thiol group, to obtain a sugar structure glycoside containing ?-glycoside at a high ratio, under the ring-shaped formation of a protective group in a silyl acetal structure over hydroxyl groups at positions 4 and 6 in the sugar structure. By the process, highly selective ?-glycosylation of sugar structure can be progressed in a simple and efficient manner.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a series of polyglycoside derivatives that are (a) polymeric (that is cross linked with hydroxypropyl linkages) and (b) contain additional functional groups including alkoxy, sulfate, sulfonate, quaternary and phosphate groups, and (c) sugars to increase water solubility and provide outstanding foaming agents and detergents that are naturally derived and readily biodegradable.

Abstract: The present invention provides luminescent metal ion complexes for use in a wide range of biological and chemical studies. The luminescent metal ion complexes of the invention comprise a metal ion chelating component covalently bound to a carrier molecule. Also provided are methods of making and using the luminescent metal ion complexes.

Abstract: A method of preparing 2-deoxy-L-ribose represented by the following formula I is disclosed. The preparation method includes the steps of: treating L-arabinose with an alcohol solvent in the presence of an acid to prepare 1-alkoxy-L-arabinopyranose; allowing the prepared 1-alkoxy-L-arabinopyranose to react with acyl chloride so as to prepare 1-alkoxy-2,3,4-triacyl-L-arabinopyranose; brominating the alkoxy group of the prepared 1-alkoxy-2,3,4-triacyl-L-arabinopyranose to prepare a 1-bromo-2,3,4-triacyl compound; allowing the prepared compound to react with zinc in the presence of ethyl acetate and an organic base so as to prepare glycal; treating the glycal with an alcohol solvent in the presence of an acid to prepare 1-alkoxy-2-deoxy-3,4-diacyl-L-ribopyranose; treating the prepared 1-alkoxy-2-deoxy-3,4-diacyl-L-ribopyranose with a base to prepare 1-alkoxy-2-deoxy-L-ribopyranose; and hydrolyzing the prepared 1-alkoxy-2-deoxy-L-ribopyranose in the presence of an acid catalyst.

Abstract: Methods are described for conversion of carbohydrate polymers in ionic liquids, including cellulose, that yield value-added chemicals including, e.g., glucose and 5-hydroxylmethylfurfural (HMF) at temperatures below 120° C. Catalyst compositions that include various mixed metal halides are described that are selective for specified products with yields, e.g., of up to about 56% in a single step process.

Abstract: A starch-based biodegradable material composition includes: an enzyme-hydrolyzed starch; and a biodegradable polyester selected from at least one of an aliphatic polyester of polybutylene succinate and an aliphatic-aromatic copolyester. The enzyme-hydrolyzed starch is prepared by hydrolyzing a native starch using a starch-hydrolyzing enzyme. The starch-hydrolyzing enzyme has an activity unit ranging from 15000 to 40000.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) derivatives, in particular multiple, e.g. double cross-linked hyaluronic acid derivatives. The invention also provides novel cross-linked HA derivatives, products containing them and their uses in medical and pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.

Abstract: The invention provides for nucleotide analogs and methods of using the same, e.g., for sequencing nucleic acids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fatty acid esters of polyols or sulfonated fatty acid esters or sulfonated fatty acid amides containing at least one group Y, where Y stands for CF3—(CH2)a—O—, SF5—, CF3—(CH2)a—S—, CF3CF2S—, [CF3—(CH2)a]2N— or [CF3—(CH2)a]NH—, where a stands for an integer selected from the range from 0 to 5, or formula (I), where Rf stands for CF3—(CH2)r—, CF3—(CH2)r—O—, CF3—(CH2)r—S—, CF3CF2—S—, SF5—(CH2)t— or [CF3—(CH2)r]2N—, [CF3—(CH2)r]NH— or (CF3)2N—(CH2)r—, B stands for a single bond, O, NH, NR, CH2, C(O)—O, C(O), S, CH2—O, O—C(O), N—C(O), C(O)—N, O—C(O)—N, N—C(O)—N, O—SO2 or SO2—O, R stands for alkyl having 1 to 4 C atoms, b stands for 0 or 1 and c stands for 0 or 1, q stands for 0 or 1, where at least one radical from b and q stands for 1, and r stands for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, to processes for the preparation of these compounds, and to uses of these surface-active compounds.

Abstract: A cyclic carbonyl monomer has the formula (7): wherein at least one W? or Wa group comprises a protected glycoside; each Z independently represents O, S, NH or NW?; n is an integer from 0 to 6 wherein when n is 0, carbons labeled 4 and 6 are linked together by a single bond; each W? and Wa group independently represents a hydrogen, a halide, an alkyl group comprising 1 to 20 carbons, an ester group comprising 1 to 20 carbons, an amide group, an aryl group comprising 1 to 20 carbons, an alkoxy group comprising 1 to 20 carbons, or a foregoing W? or Wa group substituted with a protected glycoside; and each W? group independently represents an alkyl group comprising 1 to 20 carbons, an aryl group comprising 1 to 20 carbons, or a foregoing W? group substituted with a protected glycoside.

Abstract: Methods of synthesizing sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors, as well as compounds useful therein, are disclosed.

Abstract: A compound represented by the following general formula (I) or a salt thereof: wherein R1 represents a glycosyl group, a phosphate group, or a cyclic phosphate group bound to R2; R2 represents —CH2OH, —CHO, —CH2NH2, —CH2-amino acid residue, or —CH2—OPO2H; and R3 represents hydrogen atom, or —PO3H2, and a composition for cosmetics, medicaments, foodstuffs, and/or feeds containing the aforementioned compound or a salt thereof.

Abstract: Method for the production of C-aryl glucoside SGLT2 inhibitors useful for the treatment of diabetes and related diseases. and intermediates thereof. The C-aryl glucosides may be complexed with amino acid complex forming reagents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a flavonoid compound having an antiviral activity, more particularly to a flavonoid compound obtained by extracting Houttuynia cordata with methanol and separating/purifying with chromatography, a method for efficient extraction and purification of the same and an antiviral composition comprising the compound as an active ingredient.

Abstract: The present invention refers to the use of extracts from selected and stabilised cell lines comprising phenylpropanoids with high anti-oxidant capacity having a verbascoside titre of between 20% and 90% and a chromophore-free fraction of between 80% and 10%, in human and veterinary medicine, and for nutritional and cosmetic purposes.

Abstract: A process for preparing pure monosialoganglioside GM1 in the form of its sodium salt. There is provided a process for the isolation and purification of monosialoganglioside GM1 comprising (a) separation of GM1 from a lipidic mixture containing the monosialoganglioside GM1 as the main ganglioside component by ion exchange column-chromatography using an eluent comprising potassium or caesium ions, (b) recovery of the solute from the eluted solution, (c) diafiltration of an aqueous solution of the recovered solute, and (d) second diafiltration after the addition of 1 M NaCl, and recovering GM1. The purity level of GM1 obtained is higher than 99.0%.

Abstract: The present invention can provide a novel saccharide primer, which makes it possible to efficiently synthesize a sugar chain, and a method for using the primer. According to the present invention, the saccharide primer of the present invention is a saccharide primer having an alkenyl chain that has one or more double bonds in a position other than the alkyl chain terminal, and represented by the following general formula (I): Lac-O-Ck:m(n) ??General formula (I) In the general formula (I), Ck represents an alkenyl chain, m represents a total number of double bonds, and n represents a position of the double bond in the alkenyl chain. Here, k is preferably an integer in the range of 8 to 14, and particularly 12 or 13. In addition, when m is 1, n is an integer satisfying 1?n?k?2; and when m satisfies 2?m?k?1, n is a plurality of integers satisfying 1?n?k?1.

Abstract: The invention relates to: (i) the use of osyl derivatives of genkwanin and sakuranetin having formula (I) in (a) cosmetics or dermatology and (b) therapeutics; (ii) the use of novel derivatives having formula (I) as industrial products; and (iii) the production method thereof [Formula (I)], wherein symbol [Formula (II)] represents a single or double bond, R represents H or an osyl residue, particularly with structure S1 or s2 [Formula (III)], Z represents H, an alkyl group at C1-C4, acyl at C1-C5, monosaccharide or sulphate.

Abstract: Pyrazole derivatives represented by the general formula: wherein R1 represents H, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl group etc.; one of Q and T represents a group selected from the following groups: and the other represents —(CH2)n—Ar wherein Ar represents a substituted C6-10 aryl group, etc., and n represents 0 to 2, R represents an optionally substituted C3-8 cycloalkyl group, etc., pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof or prodrugs thereof, which exhibit an excellent inhibitory activity in human 1,5-anhydroglucitol/fructose/mannose transporter and are useful as agents for the prevention, inhibition of progression or treatment of a disease associated with the excess uptake of at least a kind of carbohydrates from glucose, fructose and mannose or a disease associated with hyperglycemia and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same, pharmaceutical uses thereof, and intermediates for production thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sugar chain synthesizer capable of continuously reacting sugar chains when a plurality of sugar chains are successively reacted. The sugar chain synthesizer of the present invention includes a plurality of vessels containing respective sugar nucleotide solutions, a plurality of vessels containing respective glycosyltransferases, and a reactor containing a primer that is a water-soluble polymer, into which the above described sugar nucleotide solution and glycosyltransferase are introduced. In the present invention, components in a reaction solution obtained in the reactor are separated through an ultrafiltration column, and a reaction product is then returned to the above described reactor, so as to continuously synthesize sugar chains. Although it is a complicated synthesis of sugar chains, it becomes possible to carry out such synthesis continuously and automatically.

Abstract: The invention provides method for producing a plant cell or plant with increased phlorizin or phloretin glycosyltransferase activity, the method comprising transformation of a plant cell or plant with a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide with phloretin glycosyltransferase activity. The invention also provides host cells, plant cells and plants, genetically modified to contain and or express the polynucleotides.

Abstract: An amine or hydrazide derivative of a sialic acid unit, e.g. in a polysaccharide, is reacted with a bifunctional reagent at least one of the functionalities of which is an ester of N-hydroxy succinimide, to form an amide or hydrazide product. The product has a useful functionality, which allows it to be conjugated, for instance to proteins, drugs, drug delivery systems or the like. The process is of particular utility for derivatising amine groups introduced in sialic acid terminal groups of polysialic acids.

Abstract: 1-?-halo-2,2-difluoro-2-deoxy-D-ribofuranose derivative of formula (I) having the 3-hydroxy group protected with a biphenylcarbonyl group is a solid which can be easily purified by a simple procedure such as recrystallization, and therefore, it can be advantageously used as an intermediate in the preparation of gemcitabine in a large scale. Further, the 1-?-halo-2,2-difluoro-2-deoxy-D-ribofuranose derivative of formula (I) can be prepared with high stereoselectivity using the compound of formula (V) as an intermediate.

Abstract: Archaeal lipid adjuvants are synthesized by chemically coupling various carbohydrates or anionic polar groups to the free hydroxyl(s) of archaeal lipid cores. Chemically stable lipid cores such as saturated archaeol and caldarchaeol are obtained from appropriate Archaea. Archaeosome lipid vesicles are formulated from the synthetic lipids selected to serve as antigen carriers that target antigen-presenting cells and promote an appropriate immune response to the antigen.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a process for producing 1,2,3-tri-O-acetyl-5-deoxy-ribofuranose in an industrially appropriate manner. The present invention provides a process for producing a 1,2,3-tri-O-acetyl-5-deoxy-ribofuranose which comprises hydrogenating a compound represented by the formula (1) or formula (2) in the presence of a metal catalyst: wherein P1 and P2 independently represent a hydrogen atom or an acyl group, OP1 and OP2 may together form an acetal group, and R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, or an acyl group; wherein X1 represents Br or I, P3 and P4 independently represent a hydrogen atom or an acyl group, and R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, or an acyl group.

Abstract: An extractor and a method using the extractor for extracting active principle from solid materials using an extracting fluid, said extractor comprising among others an extractor column (1), having a first side (22), a second side (23), a top side (24), and a bottom side (25); a top plate (10) for sealing the said extractor column (1), said top plate (10) positioned at said top side (24), at least one perforated plate (4) having projections (5); wherein said perforated plate (4) is positioned inside said extractor column (1) by means of a screw shaft (3), wherein said screw shaft (3) passes through said top plate (10) by means of a leak proof joint (12); wherein said joint (12) allows rotation of said screw shaft (3).

Abstract: The invention relates to mutant strains of the genus Sphingomonas which have a mutation in at least one gene encoding a protein involved in polyhydroxybutyrate (“PHB”) synthesis that allows the mutant strains to produce PHB-deficient sphingans. The invention is also directed to a process for preparing a clarified sphingan solution comprising heating aqueous sphingan solution, in particular PHB-deficient sphingan solution, to a clarification temperature of about 30° C. to about 70° C., and treating the solution with a clarification agent and enzymes. In addition, the invention is directed to a food or industrial product comprising a PHB-deficient and/or clarified sphingan. One particular embodiment of the invention is directed to a clarified, PHB-deficient high-acyl gellan and the processes of making thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved process for the synthesis of 2?-O-substituted purine nucleosides. The process includes anhydro or thioanhydro ring opening of a selected 8,2?-cyclopurine nucleoside with a weak nucleophile in the presence of a Lewis acid ester, followed by reduction to afford the desired 2?-O-substituted purine nucleoside.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for preparing the compounds of general formula I, wherein the groups R1 and R3 are defined according to claim 1. Furthermore this inventions relates to intermediates obtained in these processes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new labeling reagent for preparing modified oligonucleotides and processes for their production wherein these oligonucleotides contain at least once the structure P?N—SO2-benzole-L-M-X, characterized in that L is either —(CH2)n- or polyethylene glycol, M is selected from a group consisting of —NH—, —O—, —S—, and —COO—, and X is either a protecting group or a detectable unit. L is preferably either —(CH2)n- or polyethylene glycol.

Abstract: A method to synthesize benzyl group protected alpha-pentagalloylglucose (?-PGG) and related compounds. The method comprises the steps of: suspending a highly reactive acylation agent and an acylating catalyst in a donor solvent; adding ?-D-glucose or an analogue thereof to the mixture; reacting the mixture at room temperature for a time sufficient for reaction to occur; evaporating the solvent; taking up the residue in an appropriate solvent; filtering the residue and solvent mixture; and evaporating off the solvent.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel loganin analogues and a process for the preparation thereof. The present invention further provides the use of Iridoid glycoside loganin isolated from the fruit pulp of Strychnos nux-vomica and its bioactive semi-synthetic analogues against various human cancer cell lines grown in-vitro.

Abstract: Disclosed is a tyrosinase activity controlling agent comprising, as an active ingredient, a compound that has tyrosinase inhibiting or promoting activity, an external preparation comprising the controlling agent, and a process for producing the compound.

Abstract: Monoterpenoid esters that have been modified to include a sugar pendant group are disclosed. Plant glycosyltransferase enzymes are provided that function to add a sugar, typically glucose, to monoterpenoids in a bioreactor for the production of glycosylated monoterpenoid esters, together with nucleic acid molecules encoding such enzymes and vectors and transgenic cells including such nucleic acid molecules.