Abstract: Provided herein is a method of preparing an RNA sample comprising: a) obtaining an RNA sample comprising: i. long RNA molecules that may be unfragmented or fragmented to contain 5?-OH group and a 2?-3?-cyclic phosphate group; and ii. short RNA molecules that comprise a 5? phosphate group and a 3? OH group; and b) contacting the RNA sample with an adaptor comprising either a 2?-PO group and 3?-OH group or a 2?,3?-cyclic phosphate group in the presence of a eukaryotic tRNA ligase, thereby producing a ligated RNA sample in which a) the short RNA molecules are selectively ligated to the adaptor or b) the short RNA molecules and long RNA fragments are selectively ligated to the adaptor.

Abstract: The invention relates to sense oligonucleotide having a sequence complementary to a single-stranded RNA (antisense transcript) having a sequence complementary to mRNA of iNOS gene in order to control expression of iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase). The sense oligonucleotide of the present invention can control expression of iNOS and is useful for biological defense and treatment and prevention of diseases related to excessive production of NO, such as cancerogenesis, inflammatory disease, endotoxin shock by bacterial infection and the like.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions, methods and kits for the species-specific detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds, compositions, and methods useful for reducing AR target RNA and protein levels via use of dsRNAs, e.g., Dicer substrate siRNA (DsiRNA) agents.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for screening for nitrate-regulated promoter and enhancer elements in plant cells. The present invention also provides expression cassettes that contain nitrate-regulated promoters operably linked to heterologous polynucleotide sequences. The expression cassettes of the present invention are useful for expressing polypeptides, proteins and nucleic acid molecules in plant cells treated with nitrates and nitrites.

Abstract: The invention relates to a nucleic acid construct comprising an adenoviral E2 late promoter or a fragment thereof and a nucleic acid. The nucleic acid is selected from the group of transgenes, genes and nucleic acids which are respectively different from adenoviral nucleic acid controlled by an E2 late promoter. The invention also relates to the uses of said nucleic acid construct.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition useful for the diagnosis of diseases associated with aberrant expression of the genes encoding the secreted proteins Futrin 1, 2, 3 and/or 4(=R-Spondin 2, 3, 1 and 4, respectively), e.g. in connection with tumors or diseases of the muscle, kidneys or bones. The present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition containing a compound which is capable of modifying (a) the expression of the gene encoding Futrin 1, 2, 3 and/or 4 or (b) the activity of the Futrin 1, 2, 3 and/or 4 protein.

Abstract: Methods for slowing disease progression in an individual suffering from familial ALS are provided. Also provided are methods of increasing the survival time of an individual suffering from familial ALS. These methods employ antisense oligonucleotides targeted to SOD1, for use in inhibiting the expression of SOD1 in the central nervous system of an individual suffering from familial ALS.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an expression cassette for regulating seed-specific expression of a polynucleotide of interest, said expression cassette comprising a transcription regulating nucleotide sequence, to a vector comprising said expression cassette, host cells and transgenic plants comprising the expression cassette, and methods of producing said transgenic plants.

Abstract: The present invention provides a therapeutic agent for a tumor, particularly a therapeutic agent for drug-resistant cancer, an agent for suppression or prophylaxis of tumor metastasis, and an agent for suppression or prophylaxis of cancer recurrence, containing a nucleic acid containing miR27b or a nucleotide having a nucleotide sequence having an identity of 70% or more with the nucleotide sequence shown by SEQ ID NO: 1 and having a function equivalent to miR27b.

Abstract: The present invention relates to isolated Solanum Bulbocastanum Bul427 promoter sequences and uses thereof. An exemplary embodiment provides an isolated plant Bul427 promoter comprising a nucleic acid sequence that is at least about 90% identical to nucleotides 1-1154 of SEQ ID NO:1, wherein the promoter sequence is capable of controlling transcription in a plant. Other exemplary embodiments provide a method for making a transgenic plant, wherein the method comprises transforming a plant, plant part, or plant cell with an expression vector comprising isolated plant Bul427 promoter operably linked to a heterologous nucleic acid sequence, wherein the isolated plant Bul427 promoter is capable of controlling transcription of the heterologous nucleic acid in a plant, and a transgenic plant made by the method and decendants thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides the isolated promoter polynucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 from perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), and fragments and variants thereof. The invention also provides constructs, plant cells and plant genetically modified to contain the promoter polynucleotide. The invention also provides methods for producing plants with altered gene expression and traits via genetic transformation of plants with the promoter polynucleotide.

Abstract: Novel promoters which are derived from P. pastoris pastoris which are inducible or repressible under specific growth conditions are provided. These promoters are useful for regulating the expression of a desired structural gene, e.g., a mammalian polypeptide. Particularly preferred is the use of these novel promoters to regulate gene expression in polyploidal yeast such as diploidal P. pastoris produced by mating or spheroplast fusion.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and means to reduce inflammation associated with IRF-4, AP-1 and TH17 mediated diseases. In particular, the invention provides methods and means to treat multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and psoriasis and related conditions.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for regulating expression of heterologous nucleotide sequences in a plant. Compositions include a novel nucleotide sequence for a promoter for the gene encoding Sorghum bicolor RCc3. A method for expressing a heterologous nucleotide sequence in a plant using the promoter sequences disclosed herein is provided. The method comprises transforming a plant or plant cell with a nucleotide sequence operably linked to one of the promoters of the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a DNA vaccine for immunization against HIV. The invention comprises a DNA molecule that has a sequence encoding a plurality of viral proteins capable of stimulating an immune response against HIV. The DNA molecule is rendered safe for use as a vaccine by the disruption of genes encoding reverse transcriptase, integrase, and Vif. The DNA molecule is further rendered safe by at least a partial deletion of the 3? LTR.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of inducing insulin production in a cell by up-regulating a target gene involved in insulin production in said cell using an saRNA (short activating ribonucleic acid) which specifically down-regulates a target antisense RNA transcript present in said cell, wherein (i) said target RNA transcript is complementary to a sequence located on the coding strand of the target gene between 1000 nucleotides upstream and 1000 nucleotides downstream of the transcription start site of the target gene; and (ii) said sRNA is a single or double stranded RNA molecule up to 30 nucleotides in length comprising a sequence of at least 13 nucleotides which has at least 95% complementarity to a region of the target transcript. Also provided are certain saRNA molecules and uses thereof, particular medical uses, and induced cells and uses thereof.

Abstract: A high efficiency plant expression promoter from Capsicum annuum serine hydroxymethyl transferase gene and uses thereof. This high efficiency plant expression promoter and 5?-untranslated region (5?-UTR) from Capsicum annular, serine hydroxymethyl transferase gene, a high efficiency plant expression vector having the same, a plant transformed with said vector, a process for high efficiency expression of a foreign gene by using said vector and a transformed plant which expresses with high efficiency a foreign gene based on said process and seeds of the transformed plant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a Purkinje cell-tropic viral vector in which a modified L7 promoter and a therapeutic gene are operably linked to a virus-based plasmid vector.

Abstract: A method for analyzing secretome, a biomarker for lung cancer metastasis, and a siRNA compound for inhibiting lung cancer metastasis are disclosed. The method for analyzing secretome of the present invention comprises the following steps: (A) collecting proteome secreted from a cell; (B) providing a purification gel, wherein the purification gel comprises a low-density layer, and a high-density layer, and the low-density layer is stacked on the high-density layer; (C) adding the proteome on the low-density layer, and separating the proteome through the low-density layer and the high-density layer of the purification gel; (D) collecting the separated proteome on the interface between the low-density layer and high-density layer, and tagging the separated proteome with a reagent after digestion; and (E) analyzing the separated proteome tagged with the reagent, and comparing an analysis result with a proteomic database.

Abstract: Described herein are compositions and methods for the inhibition of miR-21 activity. The compositions have certain nucleoside modification patterns that yield potent inhibitors of miR-21 activity. The compositions may be used to inhibit miR-21, and also to treat diseases associated with abnormal expression of miR-21, such as fibrosis and cancer.

Abstract: The present invention provides isolated promoters, transgene expression cassettes, vectors, kits, and methods for treatment of genetic diseases that affect the cone cells of the retina.

Abstract: The present application provides novel regulatory elements including promoter sequences from marine microorganisms. The application further discloses DNA constructs containing these novel regulatory elements; transgenic cells, transgenic non-human organisms, and progeny containing these novel regulatory elements. Methods of modifying, producing, and using the regulatory elements are also disclosed. The regulatory elements disclosed herein are particularly suited for use in Nannochloropsis and other microalgae.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for modulating double-strand break-induced homologous recombination through the identification of effectors that modulate said double-strand break-induced homologous recombination by uses of interfering agents; these agents are capable of modulating double-strand break-induced homologous recombination through their respective actions on said effectors. The present invention also concerns the uses of these effectors and interfering agents and derivatives, respectively, by introducing them in an eukaryotic cell in order to modulate and more particularly to increase double-strand break-induced homologous recombination and gene targeting efficiency. The present invention also relates to specific derivatives of identified effectors and interfering agents, vectors encoding them, compositions and kits comprising such derivatives in order to modulate and more particularly to increase double-strand break-induced homologous recombination and gene targeting efficiency.

Abstract: DNA enhancer sequences are provided for use in constructs to identify early stage embryonic cells. The enhancer sequences can be used in parallel with short-hairpin RNA in a vector construct for endogenously regulated gene knockdowns. The disclosed enhancer sequences can be used to isolate a selected population of early stage embryonic cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the design of the Antisense-oligonucleotide complementary to the specific region of peptide deformylase gene from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The use of this Antisense-oligonucleotide on mycobacterial culture inhibits the production of the peptide deformylase enzyme by hybridizing within the region, which is found to be responsible for maintaining stability as well as retaining the functionality of the enzyme and thus in turn affecting the growth of the cells. This invention also establishes the essentiality of the peptide deformylase enzyme in mycobacteria and claims it as a drug target in this microorganism.

Abstract: A laticiferous tissue-specific SRPP (small rubber particle-associated protein) promoter derived from Hevea brasiliensis, consists of nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. A recombinant plant expression vector includes the promoter. A plant is transformed with the recombinant plant expression vector and seed of the transformed plant is obtained. A method for laticiferous tissue-specific expression of a foreign gene in a transformed plant includes performing recombination of a foreign gene into the recombinant plant expression vector. The transformed plant produced by the method shows laticiferous tissue-specific expression of a foreign gene.

Abstract: The present application discloses a(n) (isolated) nucleic acid sequence comprising a nucleotide sequence selected from (a) SEQ ID NO: 1 or a fragment thereof, wherein said fragment comprises at least 400 consecutive nucleotides of SEQ ID NO: 1 and has seed-specific promoter activity; (b) a nucleotide sequence with at least 80% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 1 and having seed-specific promoter activity; (c) a nucleotide sequence hybridizing under stringent conditions to the nucleotide sequence of (a) or (b); and (d) a nucleotide sequence complementary to the nucleotide sequence of any one of (a) to (c). Further disclosed herein is a chimeric gene comprising the (isolated) nucleic acid described herein operably linked to a nucleic acid coding for an expression product of interest, and optionally a transcription termination and polyadenylation sequence. Also disclosed herein are a vector, a transgenic plant cell, a transgenic plant and a seed as characterized in the claims.

Abstract: The invention provides isolated nucleic acid molecules which encode novel fatty acid dehydratase family members. The invention also provides recombinant expression vectors containing dehydratase nucleic acid molecules, host cells into which the expression vectors have been introduced, and methods for large-scale production of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), e.g., SDA, EPA and DHA.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods, compounds, and compositions for reducing expression of GCCR mRNA and protein in an animal. Such methods, compounds, and compositions are useful to treat, prevent, delay, or ameliorate metabolic disease, for example, diabetes, or a symptom thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel strains of microorganisms with oxygen-regulated metabolism. The microorganisms have higher growth rates and are more efficient than parental strains. The microorganisms may be used to produce a variety of products of interests, such as recombinant proteins, nucleic acids, such as DNA, amino acids, and chemicals.

Abstract: The present invention concerns methods and compositions for introducing miRNA activity or function into cells using synthetic nucleic acid molecules. Moreover, the present invention concerns methods and compositions for identifying miRNAs with specific cellular functions that are relevant to therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostic applications wherein synthetic miRNAs and/or miRNA inhibitors are used in library screening assays.

Abstract: Agents and methods for increasing dystrophin protein expression in muscle through blocking of specific microRNAs and microRNA binding sites on the dystrophin 3? untranslated region (miR-146a, miRNA-146b, miR-223, miR-320a, miR374a, and miR-382). Methods for increasing the amount of dystrophin useful for effective therapeutic intervention for Becker muscular dystrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and other disorders where loss of dystrophin from muscle causes pathology.

Abstract: Water deficit-inducible promoter sequences were identified that may be used to produce transgenic plants that are more tolerant to water deficit and related hyperosmotic stresses than control plants, and yet are wild-type or nearly wild type in appearance. Any of these water deficit-inducible promoters may be incorporated into an expression vector that comprises a polynucleotide regulated by one such promoter and which encodes a polypeptide that, when ectopically expressed, improves water deficit tolerance in plants that are similar to control plants in their morphology and development.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for regulating expression of heterologous nucleotide sequences in a plant. Compositions include a novel nucleotide sequence for a promoter. A method for expressing a heterologous nucleotide sequence in a plant using the promoter sequence disclosed herein is provided. The method comprises stably incorporating into the genome of a plant cell a nucleotide sequence operably linked to the promoter of the present invention and regenerating a stably transformed plant that expresses the nucleotide sequence.

Abstract: The present invention relates, in general, to micro RN As and, in particular, to viral microRNAs expressed by Herpes Simplex Vims 1 (HSV-1) or Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV-2), to agents that inhibit such microRNAs and to methods of treatment based on the use of such agents.

Abstract: Isolated polynucleotides comprising an S100B promoter are provided, where an S100B regulatory element is operably joined to an S100B basal promoter utilizing a non-native spacing between the promoter and regulatory elements. The promoter may be operably linked to an expressible sequence, e.g. reporter genes, genes encoding a polypeptide of interest, regulatory RNA sequences such as miRNA, siRNA, anti-sense RNA, etc., and the like. In some embodiments a cell comprising a stable integrant of an expression vector is provided, which may be integrated in the genome of the cell. The promoter may also be provided in a vector, for example in combination with an expressible sequence. The polynucleotides find use in a method of expressing a sequence of interest, e.g. for identifying or labeling cells, monitoring or tracking the expression of cells, etc.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a transfected mammalian host cell whose ability to secrete a foreign protein has been enhanced by using a foreign gene expression vector having a promoter derived from a human gene, and a method for producing the foreign protein using the host cell. A method for enhancing the production of a foreign protein to be used in a pharmaceutical protein product in a host cell such as a cultured mammalian cell is provided. A promoter derived from a human gene having a promoter activity higher than that of a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter in a host cell such as a cultured mammalian cell is provided.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an improved method to manufacture virus for use in vaccine by culturing infected cells that have been modified to overexpress miR-144. The invention is also directed to manipulating the activity or level of miR-144 in subjects in order to modulate the antiviral and immune response systems.

Abstract: The present invention relates to oligomer compounds (oligomers) which target nucleic acids encoding human SMN2 in a cell, leading to modulation of SMN2 mRNA splicing which favors full length SMN2 mRNA rather than the poorly functional truncated transcript, SMN2 ?7. Reduction of SMNA7 mRNA expression and/or increase in full length SMN2 mRNA expression are beneficial for the treatment of diseases or disorders associated with overexpression or undesirably high levels of aberrant forms of SMN2, particularly SMN2 ?7, such as spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).

Abstract: The invention provides for systems, methods, and compositions for manipulation of sequences and/or activities of target sequences. Provided are vectors and vector systems, some of which encode one or more components of a CRISPR complex, as well as methods for the design and use of such vectors. Also provided are methods of directing CRISPR complex formation in eukaryotic cells and methods for selecting specific cells by introducing precise mutations utilizing the CRISPR/Cas system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to targeted conversion of alpha-hydroxyalkylated residues in biomolecules in the presence of a directing methyltransferase, namely to targeted removal of the alpha-hydroxyalkyl moieties to give unmodified residues, or targeted derivatization of the alpha-hydroxyalkyl groups by covalent coupling of non-cofactor compounds represented by formula HQ-LX1 wherein X represents a functional group or a reporter group attached via a linker moiety L, and QH is selected from HS—, HSe—, HO—H2N—, HN3 or HCN in the presence of a directing methyltransferase. Further development of the method of targeted conversion comprises methods for targeted labeling a biomolecule and method for detecting hydroxymethylated target sites in a biomolecule according to the present invention.

Abstract: Efficient sequence specific gene silencing is possible through the use of siRNA technology. By selecting particular siRNAs by rational design, one can maximize the generation of an effective gene silencing reagent, as well as methods for silencing genes. Methods, compositions, and kits generated through rational design of siRNAs are disclosed including those directed to nucleotide sequences for MYD88.

Abstract: Compositions and methods useful in transgene expression are provided. Herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase sequences (“TK sequences”) are used to enhance transgene expression in first generation and high capacity adenoviral vectors. An mCMV promoter-driven ?-galactosidase-expressing cassette is combined with TK sequences through direct fusion of the cDNA's. ?-galactosidase (transgene) expression is enhanced independent of adenoviral vector selection. Methods of enhancing transgene expression employing the inventive adenoviral vectors are provided, along with pharmaceutical preparations comprising the inventive vectors and kits for enhanced transgene expression.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel promoter and terminator sequences for use in gene expression in eukaryotic cells, such as algal cells. The invention further provides expression cassettes comprising a promoter, as described herein, operably linked to a gene. The invention further provides expression vectors and host eukaryotic cells, such as algal cells, for expressing a protein encoded by the gene; and methods for stably transforming eukaryotic algae such as Tetraselmis with transgenes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a 5 kb sequence of porcine ROSA26 locus, which can be used for site-specific integration of an exogenous gene into a pig genome. The present invention also provides a gene targeting vector with a 3? and 5? arm of the porcine ROSA26 sequence, wherein a target gene can be inserted between the 3? and 5? arm sequence. The gene targeting vector can be used to generate transgenic pigs with stable and ubiquitous expression of the target gene.

Abstract: The present invention provides DNA molecules that constitute fragments of the genome of a plant, and polypeptides encoded thereby. The DNA molecules are useful for specifying a gene product in cells, either as a promoter or as a protein coding sequence or as an UTR or as a 3? termination sequence, and are also useful in controlling the behavior of a gene in the chromosome, in controlling the expression of a gene or as tools for genetic mapping, recognizing or isolating identical or related DNA fragments, or identification of a particular individual organism, or for clustering of a group of organisms with a common trait. One of ordinary skill in the art, having this data, can obtain cloned DNA fragments, synthetic DNA fragments or polypeptides constituting desired sequences by recombinant methodology known in the art or described herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to plasmid curing, and particularly to efficient and stress-free methods for displacing resident or endogenous plasmids from a host cell, such as a bacterium. The invention extends to method of displacing a plasmid comprising a post-segregational killing system from a host cell, the method comprising introducing a recombinant nucleic acid molecule into a host cell harboring a plasmid comprising a post-segregational killing (PSK) system, characterized in that the recombinant nucleic acid molecule is adapted to neutralize the toxic effects of the plasmid's post-segregational killing system, and wherein the nucleic acid molecule is also adapted to outcompete or inhibit replication of the plasmid. The invention further extends to recombinant nucleic acid molecules that can be used in this method, as well as further uses of the methods and nucleic acid molecules of the invention.

Abstract: Compositions and methods relating to the use of sulfonylurea-responsive repressors are provided. Compositions include polypeptides that specifically bind to an operator, wherein the specific binding is regulated by a sulfonylurea compound. Compositions also include polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides as well as constructs, vectors, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and eukaryotic organisms including plants and seeds comprising the polynucleotide, and/or produced by the methods. Also provided are methods to provide a sulfonylurea-responsive repressor to a cell or organism, and to regulate expression of a polynucleotide of interest in a cell or organism, including a plant or plant cell.

Abstract: A promoter with an organ-specific activity in plants. The promoter is characterized in that it exhibits greater activity in the storage organs of plants than in other organs of said plants and that the promoter activity is modified after the harvest of the storage organs and is greater than prior to said harvest.