Abstract: An electrical connector includes a first terminal module, a second terminal module, a shielding shell and a metallic shielding plate. The first terminal module includes a first mating tongue and first terminals insert molded thereamong. The first mating tongue has a first mating face on which the first terminals are exposed. The first terminals have first connecting sections extending in a vertical direction. The second terminal module includes a second mating tongue and second terminals insert molded thereamong. The second mating tongue has a second mating face directly facing to the first mating face and a third mating face. The second terminals are disposed in the second and third mating faces and have second connecting sections extending in the vertical direction. The metallic shielding plate is disposed between the first and second connecting sections and has a plurality of hooked shrapnels elastically contacting with the shielding shell.

Abstract: A process is described for preparing purified caprolactam, comprising the steps a) extraction of crude caprolactam, obtained from the Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime, with an organic extractant, b) removal of the organic phase from step a), c) distillative separation of the organic extractant from the organic phase from step b) giving rise to water-containing lactam extract, being preceded by addition of the distillative separation, aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution in an amount of from 0 to 10 mmol/kg of caprolactam, d) addition of 0 to 30 mmol of alkali metal hydroxide/kg of caprolactam to the water-containing lactam extract from step c), e) distillative removal of water from the water-containing lactam extract treated with alkali metal hydroxide from step d), f) freeing the caprolactam from step e) from by-products lower- and higher-boiling than caprolactam by distillation, with addition in steps c) and d) together of at least 1.5 mmol of alkali metal hydroxide/kg of caprolactam.

Abstract: A process is described for preparing purified caprolactam, comprising the steps a) extraction of crude caprolactam, obtained from the Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime, with an organic extractant, b) removal of the organic phase from step a), c) distillative separation of the organic extractant from the organic phase from step b) giving rise to water-containing lactam extract, being preceded by addition of the distillative separation, aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution in an amount of from 0 to 10 mmol/kg of caprolactam, d) addition of 0 to 30 mmol of alkali metal hydroxide/kg of caprolactam to the water-containing lactam extract from step c), e) distillative removal of water from the water-containing lactam extract treated with alkali metal hydroxide from step d), f) freeing the caprolactam from step e) from by-products lower- and higher-boiling than caprolactam by distillation, with addition in steps c) and d) together of at least 1.5 mmol of alkali metal hydroxide/kg of caprolactam.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an extraction reactor with which granular material, in particular granular polyamide, can undergo extraction, soluble components being dissolved out of the granular material with an extraction liquid during the extraction. In the case of polyamide materials, these are for example oligomeric or monomeric components which have remained in the granular material during the polycondensation reaction for the production of the polyamide materials.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for extracting an impurity from an organic phase comprising caprolactam, comprising extracting the impurity by washing said organic phase as a discontinuous phase with an aqueous phase as a continuous phase, the ratio of the flow of the aqueous phase in m3/hr, to the flow of the organic phase in m3/hr, being 0.05 or less. Further the invention relates to a caprolactam production plant, wherein use can be made of a process of the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for treating an aqueous solution containing ?-caprolactam, ammonium sulphate and one or more other impurities, comprising one or more organic impurities from a caprolactam production process and optionally other salts than ammonium sulphate, by means of a membrane process, thereby obtaining a retentate and a permeate, in which process the membrane used is selected from the group of polyether sulphone membranes, sulphonated polyether sulphone membranes, polyester membranes, polysulphone membranes, aromatic polyamide membranes, polyvinyl alcohol membranes, polypiperazine membranes, cellulose acetate membranes, titanium oxide membranes, zirconium oxide membranes and aluminium oxide membranes, having a molecular weight cut off in the range of 100-1000 g/mol; and wherein more than 60 wt. % of the caprolactam in the aqueous solution is passed through a membrane to the permeate side, to obtain a purified caprolactam containing permeate stream, and wherein at least 50 wt.

Abstract: A wetness sensing system includes a first wetness sensing article; a first signaling device producing a first signal upon sensing wetness in the first wetness sensing article, wherein the first signaling device is compatible with the first wetness sensing article; and a second signaling device producing a second signal upon sensing wetness in the first wetness sensing article, wherein the second signaling device is compatible with the first wetness sensing article. Also, a method for enhancing a wetness sensing system includes producing a wetness sensing absorbent article compatible with at least one component of the wetness sensing system, wherein the wetness sensing system includes as components a wetness sensing article and a first signaling device compatible with the wetness sensing article.

Abstract: An epsilon-caprolactam manufacturing method capable of manufacturing in good yield, high-quality epsilon-caprolactam containing less impurity has an epsilon-caprolactam purification step A of obtaining purified epsilon-caprolactam from raw epsilon-caprolactam by applying a drop crystallization method, a first-stage epsilon-caprolactam recovery step B of obtaining first recovered epsilon-caprolactam and a first recovered mother liquor by applying an evaporative crystallization method to a crystallization mother liquor obtained in the epsilon-caprolactam purification step A, and a second-stage epsilon-caprolactam recovery step C of obtaining second recovered purified epsilon-caprolactam by applying a melt crystallization method to the first recovered mother liquor, first recovered epsilon-caprolactam being recovered as a raw material for the epsilon-caprolactam purification step A and second recovered purified epsilon-caprolactam being recovered as a raw material for the epsilon-caprolactam purification step A

Abstract: The present invention relates to macrocyclic compounds of formula (I) that are useful as inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 protease, their synthesis, and their use for treating or preventing HCV infections.

Abstract: A method and a plant are disclosed for purifying lactams, particularly lactams obtained by cyclizing hydrolysis of aminonitrile. The purification of ?-caprolactam obtained by cyclizing hydrolysis of aminocapronitrile is described which includes eliminating the ammonia from the reaction medium of the hydrolysis, then recovering the lactam from the medium in purified form. The recovery is carried out by performing at least a distillation of the lactam in the presence of a base producing optionally a fronts fraction having compounds more volatile than the lactam, a fraction having the lactam to be recovered to the degree of desired purity and a distillation tails having the lactam and compounds less volatile than the lactam. The distillation tails are treated by various processes such as evaporation in thin layers to recover the major part of the caprolactam and recycling the latter in the purification process.

Abstract: A system and a method for recovering caprolactam from a rearrangement mixture are provided. The system includes a neutralization unit; a buffering unit for receiving a crude lactam solution containing impurities content below a standard value and being fed from the neutralization unit; a temporary storage unit for receiving a crude lactam solution containing impurities above the standard value and being fed from the neutralization unit; a temporary extraction unit for performing batch extraction to separate out a first lactam solution; an extraction unit for performing continuous extraction to separate out a second lactam solution; and a recovery unit for allowing caprolactam to be recovered.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for purifying an N-alkyllactam which comprises contacting N-alkyllactams with carbon. The present invention also relates to mixtures comprising poly(vinylidene fluodride) (PVDF) and N-alkyllactams, in which the N-alkyllactams have been purified by contacting the N-alkyllactam as well as a method for their production. The present invention also relates to the use of said mixtures in processing PVDF for applications in which improved color is a quality requirement.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for extracting an impurity from an organic phase comprising caprolactam, comprising extracting the impurity by washing said organic phase as a discontinuous phase with an aqueous phase as a continuous phase, the ratio of the flow of the aqueous phase in m3/hr, to the flow of the organic phase in m3/hr, being 0.05 or less. Further the invention relates to a caprolactam production plant, wherein use can be made of a process of the invention.

Abstract: A system for purifying an aqueous solution of crude caprolactam is provided, which includes a filtration zone (A), an inspection unit (B), a purification zone (C), and a first temporary storage tank (D). The filtration zone (A) contains a filtration apparatus though which an aqueous solution of crude caprolactam is filtered to remove ionic impurities therein, so as to obtain caprolactam-containing filtrate; the inspection unit (B) is used for judging the filtrate from the filtration zone (A) meets the preset inspection standards; the purification zone (C) is used for concentrating and further purifying filtrate meeting the preset inspection standards, thereby forming a final caprolactam product; and the first temporary storage tank (D) is used for receiving the filtrate not meeting the preset inspection standards, which is then mixed with the aqueous solution of crude caprolactam and delivered back to the filtration zone (A).

Abstract: A system and a method for recovering caprolactam from a rearrangement mixture are provided. The system includes a neutralization unit; a buffering unit for receiving a crude lactam solution containing impurities content below a standard value and being fed from the neutralization unit; a temporary storage unit for receiving a crude lactam solution containing impurities above the standard value and being fed from the neutralization unit; a temporary extraction unit for performing batch extraction to separate out a first lactam solution; an extraction unit for performing continuous extraction to separate out a second lactam solution; and a recovery unit for allowing caprolactam to be recovered.

Abstract: A continuous process is provided for recovering caprolactam from aqueous caprolactam product which includes (i) caprolactam, (ii) impurities, and (iii) water by (a) adding alkali hydroxide to the aqueous caprolactam product, in an amount of not more than 100 mmol alkali hydroxide per kg of caprolactam; (b) reacting at least part of the added alkali hydroxide to form alkali amino caproate, to obtain a caproate-enriched caprolactam product; and (c) distilling the caproate-enriched caprolactam product at reduced pressure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the treatment of waste containing polyamide comprising a) depolymerisation of the waste containing polyamide, whereby a caprolactam raw material (6) and a flow (3), comprising the secondary constituents and additives from the depolymerisation, are obtained, and b) leaching of the flow (3) at least once using an extracting agent.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for purifying crude caprolactam. The process involves converting a first mixture of 6-amino capronitrile and water to a second mixture of caprolactam ammonia, water, high boilers and low boilers using a catalyst. The ammonia is removed from the second mixture to obtain a third mixture. Water is removed from the third mixture to give crude caprolactam, high boiler and low boilers. Purified caprolactam is then obtained by a series of distillation steps.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed of producing and purifying at least one amide. In accordance with one of the methods disclosed herein, the at least one amide is produced by providing an organic liquid comprising at least one oxime, providing at least one catalyst, adding the at least one catalyst to the organic liquid to form a rearrangement mass, wherein the rearrangement mass comprises at least one amide, at least one impurity, and the at least one catalyst, and heating the rearrangement mass to a temperature of at least about 115° C. for a period of time in order to sulfonate, break down and/or reduce the concentration of some of the at least one impurity in the rearrangement mass.

Abstract: A method and a plant are disclosed for purifying lactams, particularly lactams obtained by cyclizing hydrolysis of aminonitrile. The purification of ?-caprolactam obtained by cyclizing hydrolysis of aminocapronitrile is described which includes eliminating the ammonia from the reaction medium of the hydrolysis, then recovering the lactam from said medium in purified form. The recovery is carried out by performing at least a distillation of the lactam in the presence of a base producing optionally a fronts fraction comprising compounds more volatile than the lactam, a fraction comprising the lactam to be recovered to the degree of desired purity and a distillation tails comprising the lactam and compounds less volatile than the lactam. The distillation tails are treated by various processes such as evaporation in thin layers to recover the major part of the caprolactam and recycling the latter in the purification process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for purifying caprolactam, said process comprising (a) subjecting the caprolactam to a hydrogenation by treating the caprolactam with hydrogen in the presence of a heterogeneous nickel containing hydrogenation catalyst, (b) distilling at least a portion of the hydrogenated caprolactam in a distillation column containing nickel in an amount sufficiently low such that ?PANNi?3, wherein ?PANNi=?PAN??PANNi=0, ?PAN=increase of the PAN number of caprolactam during distilling, ?PANNi=0 increase of the PAN number of caprolactam during distilling under the same conditions in a distillation column free of nickel. Nickel is removed from the caprolactam solution prior to the distillation step.

Abstract: A system for purifying an aqueous solution of crude caprolactam is provided, which includes a filtration zone (A), an inspection unit (B), a purification zone (C), and a first temporary storage tank (D). The filtration zone (A) contains a filtration apparatus though which an aqueous solution of crude caprolactam is filtered to remove ionic impurities therein, so as to obtain caprolactam-containing filtrate; the inspection unit (B) is used for judging the filtrate from the filtration zone (A) meets the preset inspection standards; the purification zone(C) is used for concentrating and further purifying filtrate meeting the preset inspection standards, thereby forming a final caprolactam product; and the first temporary storage tank (D) is used for receiving the filtrate not meeting the preset inspection standards, which is then mixed with the aqueous solution of crude caprolactam and delivered back to the filtration zone (A).

Abstract: A process for removing high boilers from crude caprolactam which comprises high boilers, caprolactam and in some cases low boilers, and which has been obtained by a) reacting 6-aminocapronitrile with water to give a reaction mixture b) removing ammonia and unconverted water from the reaction mixture to obtain crude caprolactam, which comprises c) feeding the crude caprolactam to a distillation apparatus to obtain a first substream via the top as a product and a second substream via the bottom, by setting the pressure in the distillation in such a way that the bottom temperature does not go below 170° C., and adjusting the second substream in such a way that the caprolactam content of the second substream is not less than 10% by weight, based on the entire second substream.

Abstract: This invention relates to a continuous and efficient method for the manufacture of highly pure caprolactam suitable for the polycondensation of Polyamide 6 (polycaprolactam) from polyamide waste. In particular the invention relates to a method for the manufacture of caprolactam from waste containing polyamides, including the steps a) depolymerisation of the waste containing polyamides, whereby a caprolactam raw material and a flow containing secondary constituents or additives is obtained, b) at least one distillation of the caprolactam raw material, and c) at least one crystallisation of the caprolactam material obtained in step b), by which means caprolactam is obtained, whereby at least part of the caprolactam obtained in step c) with a permanganate number of<10000 sec. and a UV transmission of<85% is added to the waste containing polyamides before and/or during the depolymerisation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for recovering caprolactam from a mixture comprising caprolactam, water, light and heavy components, by subjecting the mixture to a first vacuum distillation resulting in a first bottom product comprising heavy components and caprolactam and in a fist overhead product comprising caprolactam, water, unsaturated lactams and light components; and subjecting at least part of the unsaturated lactams to a hydrogenation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the continuous production of caprolactam from waste containing polyamide, comprising a) depolymerisation of the waste containing polyamide, whereby a caprolactam raw material and, where applicable, a flow containing secondary constituents or additives is obtained, and b) irradiation of the caprolactam raw material with UV radiation.

Abstract: Process for making both ACN and HMD from partial hydrogenation of ADN by using a combination of distillations resulting in the formation of a mixture of HMD and THA that can be hydrogenated to produce a mixture of HMD and HMI that can be separated easily by simple distillation.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed of producing and purifying at least one amide. In accordance with one of the methods disclosed herein, the at least one amide is produced by providing an organic liquid comprising at least one oxime, providing at least one catalyst, adding the at least one catalyst to the organic liquid to form a rearrangement mass, wherein the rearrangement mass comprises at least one amide, at least one impurity, and the at least one catalyst, and heating the rearrangement mass to a temperature of at least about 115° C. for a period of time in order to sulfonate, break down and/or reduce the concentration of some of the at least one impurity in the rearrangement mass.

Abstract: A process for distillative removal of ammonia from solutions (I) which include a lactam and ammonia comprises effecting said removal in a distillation apparatus (a) at an absolute pressure of less than 10 bar.

Abstract: Process for recovering caprolactam from a solution comprising caprolactam dissolved in an organic solvent, said process comprising: a) washing the solution with water or an aqueous alkaline solution, resulting in a washed solution comprising caprolactam and organic solvent and in a washing residue, b) evaporating organic solvent from the washed solution, resulting in caprolactam product, c) optionally, hydrogenating the caprolactam product, d) optionally, evaporating water from the caprolactam product, e) distilling the caprolactam product to recover caprolactam and a distillation residue, f) extracting the distillation residue with an organic solvent in the presence of water to obtain (i) an extract comprising caprolactam dissolved in organic solvent and (ii) an aqueous effluent, and g) recycling the extract to step a) or b).

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a technology to establish a new cycle-based organic chemical industry, which may be called a polymer cascade (polymer reflux industry) wherein the polymer substances shall not remain the final products, but still give birth to synthetic materials as raw materials for chemical industry and produce useful organic compounds.

Abstract: Process for recovering caprolactam from a solution comprising caprolactam dissolved in an organic solvent, said process comprising:

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the separation of a ketoxime or aldoxime from a ketoxime- or aldoxime-containing amide mixture in which the ketoxime or aldoxime is separated from the amide mixture by distillation. This has proved to be a very simple and direct method for separating the ketoxime and/or aldoxime from the desired amide.

Abstract: A method for crystallizing a substance, especially an inhalable medicament, comprising the following steps: (a) dissolving said substance in a solvent, to produce a solution of said substance, (b) producing a segmented stream which consists of alternating segments of said solution of the substance and of a transport medium, (c) introducing said segmented stream into the first end of a retention stretch, which retention stretch has a first end and a second end, so that said segmented stream passes from said first end to said second end of said retention stretch, and exits from the second end of the retention stretch, (d) cooling the retention stretch, to thereby bring about crystallization of the substance in the segments of solution, in the segmented stream, as said segmented stream passes through the retention stretch, and (e) separating the crystals of material from the segmented stream as it exits from the second end of the retention stretch.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for separating the water from an aqueous lactam solution. It applies more particularly to a mixture resulting from the reaction between an aminonitrile and water (this reaction also being called cyclizing hydrolysis). The subject of the invention is a process for separating the water from an aqueous lactam solution, which process is economical both from the standpoint of the investment necessary for its implementation and from the standpoint of the operating cost.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for purifying lactames, especially lactames obtained by cyclization hydrolysis of an aminoalkylnitrile, and more particularly, to the purification of &egr;-caprolactame obtained by cyclization hydrolysis of the aminocapronitrile. This crystallisation process can either be carried out directly on the cyclization reaction medium after removal of the volatile components or on a medium that has been subjected to different treatments or on a caprolactame extracted from the reaction medium, for example by distillation.

Abstract: A process is provided for the separation of ammonia (I) from mixtures (II) containing ammonia (I) and an amide (IV) selected from the group consisting of a lactam (IVa), an oligomer (IVb) and a polymer (IVc) with amide groups in the main chain, said amide (IV) having been obtained by reacting educts (III), selected from the group consisting of nitrites (IIIa), amines (IIIb), amino nitrites (IIIc) and amino amides (IIId), with water, wherein

Abstract: A process for purifying N-vinyl-&egr;-caprolactam comprises converting the N-vinyl-&egr;-caprolactam which is to be purified and has a purity of at least 95% by weight into a melt, partially crystallizing the melt and separating the crystals from the mother liquor.

Abstract: Lactam liquid media of reaction which comprise at least one lactam final product, notably &egr;-caprolactam, are treated and purified to convert impurities contained therein into harmless species or species easily removed downstream, by hydrogenating such liquid media of reaction in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst and during which hydrogenation the liquid media of reaction have effective lactam-purifying amounts of ammonia dissolved therein.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for separating by distillation a portion or the entirety of an azeptine derivative (III), which is selected from the group consisting of aminohexylidene imine, tetrahydroazepine, hexylhexahydroazepine and of aminohexylhexahydroazepine, out of a mixture (II) containing an azepine derivative (III) and an amine (I). The inventive method is characterized in that the distillation is carried out with a maximum bottom temperature of 150° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for nylon depolymerization, in which process a multi-component material, comprising nylon and one or more non-nylon components, is fed to a depolymerization zone in which depolymerization of at least part of said nylon is effected, resulting in a product stream and a residue, said product stream containing monomers of said nylon, said residue containing non-nylon components, wherein the nylon content in the residue is measured and used to control the depolymerization process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for purifying an impure stream of caprolactam while recovering not only pure caprolactam but also medium-to-high pressure steam. Preferably, the stream of impure or crude caprolactam, which comprises at a minimum a substantial portion of water, is obtained from depolymerization of a polyamide-containing composition. The resulting purified caprolactam will have a purity greater than 90 weight percent and the recovered steam will have a temperature sufficiently high to provide a driving force for use with other equipment, for instance, heat exchange equipment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for distilling ammonia from a mixture, more particular from a mixture resulting from the reaction between aminonitrile and water (which reaction is also called cyclizing hydrolysis). The process for distilling the ammonia contained in an aqueous caprolactam solution, uses a column with a bottom temperature less than or equal to 160° C. and at an absolute pressure less than or equal to 5 bar, the ammonia distilled at the top of the column being compressed to a pressure greater than or equal to 10 bar and then condensed at a temperature of 25° C. to 60° C.

Abstract: Carbon monolith-supported catalysts with high leach resistance used in catalytic applications involving strong acidic and basic conditions in a pH range of from 0 to 6.5 and from 7.5 to 14, are respectively described. The leach resistance of the catalyst system originates from strong interaction between the catalyst and the unsaturated valence of the carbon surface. In addition to surprisingly high resistance to leach out, the catalysts also have substantial differential advantages in catalyst performance: catalyst activity, selectivity, and stability.

Abstract: Process for purifying an aqueous caprolactam mixture by extracting the caprolactam with the aid of an organic caprolactam solvent that is not miscible with water in a benzene extraction, and releasing the caprolactam from the organic solvent by means of extraction with water, with the formation of an aqueous caprolactam solution, in a back extraction, with at least a separate pre-extraction taking place before the benzene extraction and/or the back extraction, in which, in a pre-extraction before the benzene extraction, an organic solvent that is not miscible with water is used for the extraction and, in a pre-extraction before back extraction, water is used for the extraction.

Abstract: A high purity &egr;-caprolactam is prepared by pouring a molten crude &egr;-caprolactam and a solvent comprising an aliphatic hydrocarbon and having a lower temperature than that of the crude &egr;-caprolactam, into a vessel and mixing them to obtain a first slurry containing a crystallized &egr;-caprolactam. The slurry is then subjected to a solid-liquid separation to obtain &egr;-caprolactam and a first liquid phase. This process can effectively remove impurities from a crude &egr;-caprolactam, which is obtained by for example, subjecting cyclohexanone oxime to the Beckmann rearrangement.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition containing (a) a component selected from the group of a mono- or poly- vinyl substituted mono- or poly-ether, a mono- or poly- vinyl substituted lactam, or a mixture thereof contained in an acidic medium and (b) an aliphatic, primary or secondary mono- or poly-amine at a concentration sufficient to adjust the pH of the composition above

Abstract: Mercaptoalkanoylamino lactam acids are recrystallized by treatment with an agent that minimizes the formation of disulfides. Suitable agents are bismercaptans, phosphine or phosphite reducing agents, zinc metal powder, and sodium hydrosulfite.

Abstract: A process for purifying alkenyl compounds having a divalent or trivalent heteroatom in the &agr;-position relative to the double bond by distillation comprises carrying out at least two distillations in which the purified alkenyl compounds are obtained from the gas phase by condensation, where the time between the first distillation after the synthesis of the alkenyl compounds and at least one further distillation is at least one day and the purified alkenyl compounds have an APHA color number of <30.