Abstract: A compound for electrochromic devices. One such compound of the invention is dihydro-disubstituted phenazine (VI): wherein R9 is and n=1-10.

Abstract: A hydroxytetrahydrofuran of formula wherein A is with the substituents as defined in the specification, having a calpain inhibiting activity and/or an activity which traps the reactive oxygen species useful for treating inflammatory and immunological diseases, cardio-vascular and cerebro-vascular diseases, disorders of the central or peripheral nervous system, osteoporosis, muscular dystrophy, proliferative diseases, cataract, rejection reactions following organ transplants and autoimmune and viral diseases.

Abstract: A dimer of phenazine-1-carboyxlic acid natural products from fluorescent pseudomonad bacterium and a method of preparing a dimer of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid natural product are disclosed herein. The method comprises growing the bacterium in a water based liquid medium under favorable pH and temperature with continuous agitation, extracting the dimer of phenazine-1-carboyxlic acid natural product from the medium by centrifugation using organic solvents, filtering the resultant emulsion to separate the aqueous layer in a separation funnel, isolating the crude dimer of phenazine-1-carboyxlic acid natural product from the organic layer by evaporating the organic solvent, and purifying the dimer of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid natural product by chromatography.

Abstract: A compound for use in electrochromic devices. The compound includes (1) ?-(10-phenothiazyl)propoxy phosphonic acid; (2) ?-(10-phenothiazyl)propyl-phosphonic acid; and (3) ?-(10-phenothiazyl)propionate phosphonic acid.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-alkyl onium salts as illustrated by 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-tridecyl(1,2-dimethylimidazolium)bromide and a process for preparation thereof by hydroxyalkylating acetoacetate to the corresponding hyroxyalkylacetoacetate, dealkoxycarbonylating the hydroxyalkyl acetoacetate to ?-hydroxyalkan-2-one and contacting the ?-hydroxyalkan-2-one with phenol in the presence of an acidic catalyst to give 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)alkanol, brominating the 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)alkanol to 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)alkyl bromide, quaternizing 1,2-dimethylimidazole with the 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)alkyl bromide to 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)alkyl(1,2-dimethylimidazolium)bromide. The products can be used as reactive modifiers for layered phyllosilicates that can be used in the preparation of polymer-nanocomposites, wherein the said polymers are prepared from 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane as one of the reacting monomers.

Abstract: An improved organophotoreceptor includes an electrically conductive substrate and a photoconductive element on the electrically conductive substrate where the photoconductive element comprises: a) a charge transport material having the following formula: where X is a linking group; Y1 and Y2 are, each independently, a phenothiazine group, a phenoxazine group, or a phenazine group; R1, R2, R3, and R4 are, each independently, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, a heterocyclic group, or an aromatic group; and R5 and R6 are, each independently, a hydrogen, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, a heterocyclic group, or an aromatic group; and (b) a charge generating compound. Corresponding electrophotographic apparatuses and imaging methods are described.

Abstract: The invention provides substituted quinoxalines having the general formulas where R1, R2, R3, and R4 are, inter alia, alkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl groups; Z is NH or O; and X is, inter alia, COOH or CONH2. The compounds of the invention have antiviral and immunomodulatory activity and are useful for treating infectious diseases, particularly viral infections.

Abstract: Improved organophotoreceptor comprises an electrically conductive substrate and a photoconductive element on the electrically conductive substrate, the photoconductive element comprising: (a) a charge transport material having the formula where n is an integer between 2 and 6, inclusive; R1 and R2 are, independently, H, an alkyl group, an alkaryl group, or an aryl group; X is a linking group having the formula —(CH2)m—, branched or linear, where m is an integer between 0 and 20, inclusive, and one or more of the methylene groups is optionally replaced by O, S, C?O, O?S?O, a heterocyclic group, an aromatic group, urethane, urea, an ester group, a NR3 group, a CHR4 group, or a CR5R6 group where R3, R4, R5, and R6 are, independently, H, hydroxyl group, thiol group, an alkyl group, an alkaryl group, a heterocyclic group, or an aryl group; Y comprises a bond, C, N, O, S, a branched or linear —(CH2)p— group where p is an integer between 0 and 10, an aromatic group, a cycloalkyl group, a heterocyclic gr

Abstract: Improved organophotoreceptor comprises an electrically conductive substrate and a photoconductive element on the electrically conductive substrate, the photoconductive element comprising: (a) a charge transport material having the formula ?where R1 and R2 are, each independently, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aromatic group, or a heterocyclic group; R3 and R4 are, each independently, H, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aromatic group, or a heterocyclic group; X1 and X2 are, each independently, a linking group; Y1 and Y2, each independently, comprise an arylamine group; and Z is a bridging group; and (b) a charge generating compound. Corresponding electrophotographic apparatuses and imaging methods are described.

Abstract: A color photographic material is described containing a compound of formula (I) wherein, if n=1, R1 is, inter alia, a radical of formula (II), and, if n=2, R1 is unsubstituted or C1–C4alkyl- or hydroxy-substituted phenylene or naphthylene; or —R12—X—R13—, and other residues are as defined in claim 1. The compound of formula (I) is effective as scavenger of the oxidized form of the developer (Dox scavenger), especially when contained in an interlayer between light sensitive layers. Selected compounds of this class can also be used as additives, for example as dye stabilizer, in color photographic materials, or as an antioxidant for organic materials.

Abstract: A composition of matter is disclosed wherein the composition comprises an N-aromatic substituted acid amide compound selected from the group consisting of compounds of formula (I) wherein A and B are independently selected alkylene groups; R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkylether, or ester; R2 is hydrogen if R1 is hydrogen; R2 is an alkyl primary amine if R1 is alkyl, alkylether, or ester; R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl; R5 is a sterically hindered phenolic group of formula (II) or formula (III) wherein X is CH2, S, NH, or O; and m, n, and p are independently selected integers equal to 0 or 1. These compositions may be used as such or they may be bound to a polymer backbone via a linking moiety.

Abstract: A conventional electrochromic mirror comprises an ion conductive layer provided between a transparent electrically conductive substrate and a reflective electrically conductive substrate and containing spacers. The spacers can be perceived when the mirror was viewed. According to the present invention, the difference in refraction index between the spacers and the ion conductive layer is ±0.03 or less. Therefore, the electrochromic mirror having spacers in the ion conductive layer which are hardly perceived can be provided.

Abstract: Electrolyte solutions of soluble bifunctional redox dyes in molten salt solvent may be used to prepare electrooptic devices with enhanced stability toward ultraviolet radiation. The solvents include lithium or quaternary ammonium cations, and perfluorinated sulfonylimide anions selected from trifluoromethylsulfonate (CF3SO3?), bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ((CF3SO2)2N?), bis(perfluoroethylsulfonyl)imide ((CF3CF2SO2)2N?) and tris(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methide ((CF3SO2)3C?).

Abstract: An improved organophotoreceptor includes an electrically conductive substrate and a photoconductive element on the electrically conductive substrate where the photoconductive element comprises:

Abstract: An electrochromic element comprises an ion conduction layer between two conducting substrates, at least one of which is transparent. The ion conduction layer contains an organic compounds, which has both a structure exhibiting a cathodic electrochromic characteristic and a structure exhibiting an anodic electrochromic characteristic.

Abstract: Disclosed is the preparation and pharmaceutical use of substituted arylalcanoic acid derivatives of Formula I, wherein ring A, ring B, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, X, Alk1, Alk2, Ar1, and Ar2 are as defined in the specification. These compounds, as selective agonists activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), in particularly the RXR/PPARalpha, RXR/PPARgamma, and RXR/PPARdelta heterodimers, are useful in the treatment and/or prevention of type 2 diabetes and associated metabolic syndrome such as hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and other cardiovascular disorders with improved side effects profile commonly associated with conventional PPARgamma agonists.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of the formula and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof wherein R, Ar, A, n, R1 and R2 are defined herein. These compounds are highly selective agonists, antagonists or inverse agonists for GABAA brain receptors or prodrugs of agonists, antagonists or inverse agonists for GABAA brain receptors and are therefore useful in the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety, depression, Down Syndrome, sleep and seizure disorders, overdose with benzodiazepine drugs and for enhancement of memory. Pharmaceutical compositions, including packaged pharmaceutical compositions, are also disclosed.

Abstract: N-(imino)amines and their preparation and their use as NO synthase inhibitors and selective or non-selective traps for a reactive oxygen species.

Abstract: Benzopiperidine derivatives represented by formula (I), salts thereof or hydrates thereof, processes for producing the same and drugs comprising the same: 1

Abstract: An electrochromic or photoelectrochromic device possessing the property of changing color under the effect of an electric voltage and/or of a variation in the intensity of a light radiation, this device comprising at least one cathode and one anode, at least one of these electrodes being constituted at least in part of a transparent or translucent substrate bearing an electrically conductive coating, and an electrolyte arranged between these electrodes, and an electric circuit connecting said cathode and anode, characterized in that at least one of these electrodes carries a coating constituted of at least one nanocrystalline layer of at least one semiconductive material, having a roughness factor equal to at least 20, and a monolayer of electrically active molecules or of an electrically active polymer, said monolayer being absorbed on the surface of this coating, and in that the device contains at least one auxiliary electrically active compound, possibly dissolved in the electrolyte, having the property of

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the general formula (I) The compounds are useful in the treatment and/or prevention of conditions mediated by clear receptors, in particular the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPAR).

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of the formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts having useful antiviral activity against viruses of the herpes family. In said formula, X=O, (CH2)m, S, SO, SO2, NH, NR8 or a chemical bond; Y=O, (CH2)m, S, SO, SO2, NH, NR8; Z=NH, O, NR8, S, SO, SO2. The remaining substituents are described in the specification.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the general formula (I) 1

Abstract: Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase inhibitors, pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and the use of such compounds to treat for example, Metabolic Syndrome including atherosclerosis, diabetes and obesity.

Abstract: A phenothiazine, acridan, acridone oxime, acridone hydrazone and dibenzodiazepine derivative represented by formula (I) 1

Abstract: The present invention relates to new derivatives of amino acids and their use as medicaments.

Abstract: The invention concerns a diamino phenothiazine derivative, at least monosubstituted in one of its positions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 and having a quinone para and ortho tautomerism, of general formula (I) or one of its salts, wherein: R1, R2, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and R1′, R2′, R3′, R4′ are identical or different from one another and represent: a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic and/or aromatic and/or cyclic radical, such as an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a hydroxy group, an aryloxy group, a ketone group, an amide group, a carboxy group, a base, a non-organic radical such as a halogen atom, an alkaline-earth, a metal atom; and X is a mineral or organic anion, except for blue A, blue B, blue C, methylene green, novel methylene blue, toluidine blue derivatives. The invention is applicable in the biological and/or chemical field.

Abstract: A compound of Formula (Ih) The compounds may be used, inter alia, for preparing beta aryl-alpha-oxy substituted alkylcarboxylic acids.

Abstract: The invention relates to a light-protected electrochromic device containing a pair of glass or plastic sheets or plastic films. One side of at least one of said sheets or films, preferably both sheets or films, is provided with an electroconductive coating. At least one of said sheets or films and its electroconductive coating are transparent and the other can be metallized. The electroconductive coating of at least one of the two sheets or films can be divided up into separate, individually contacted surface segments. The sheets or films are joined by a sealing ring on the sides of their electroconductive coatings and the volume created by the sheets or films and the sealing ring is filled with an electrochromic medium. The invention is characterized in that the electrochromic device contains a yellow filter for which the wavelength at which absorbance in the long-wave flank reaches half of the very long-wave maximum absorbance value is between 370 and 500 nm, preferably between 380 and 470 nm.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of Formula I: 1

Abstract: A compound of Formula (Ig) The compounds may be used, inter alia, for preparing beta aryl-alpha-oxy substituted alkylcarboxylic acids.

Abstract: An electrochromic element comprises an ion conduction layer between two conducting substrates, at least one of which is transparent. The ion conduction layer contains an organic compound, which has both a structure exhibiting a cathodic electorchromic characteristic and a structure exhibiting an anodic electrochromic characteristic.

Abstract: A compound shown by the formula II, wherein Het is a mono- or polycyclic heterocyclic group comprising one or more hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S which may be the same or different from each other; R1 is hydrogen, an optionally substituted lower alkyl or an optionally substituted lower alkenyl; A is an optionally substituted lower alkylene, an optionally substituted lower alkenylene or a single bond; B is an optionally substituted imino or a single bond; or A and B taken together may form a single bond; and D is a single bond or a group of the formula (a):

Abstract: A flexible electrochromic device is disclosed, the device including a flexible substrate with at least one electrically conductive surface, and an electrochromic layer comprising a perfluorosulfonated anionic polyelectrolyte and a metal oxide, the electrochromic layer deposited on a conductive surface of the flexible substrate, wherein the device is capable of being deformed and returned to “flatness” in an undamaged state.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, nanometer-scale reversible electronic switches are provided that can be assembled to make cross-bar circuits that provide memory, logic, and communications functions. The electronic switches, or crossed-wire devices, comprise a pair of crossed wires that form a junction where one wire crosses another at an angle other than zero degrees and at least one connector species connecting the pair of crossed wires in the junction. The junction has a functional dimension in nanometers, wherein at least one connector species and the pair of crossed wires forms an electrochemical cell.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, nanometer-scale reversible electronic switches are provided that can be assembled to make cross-bar circuits that provide memory, logic, and communications functions. The electronic switches, or crossed-wire devices, comprise a pair of crossed wires that form a junction where one wire crosses another at an angle other than zero degrees and at least one connector species connecting the pair of crossed wires in the junction. The junction has a functional dimension in nanometers, wherein at least one connector species and the pair of crossed wires forms an electrochemical cell.

Abstract: A binuclear DNA-threading transition metal complex with the general formula: (L1)-M1-(D1-B-D2)-M2-(L2) wherein D1-B-D2 is a bridging ligand; D1 is a polycyclic heteroaromatic ligand in which aza nitrogens can form a bidentate or tridentate chelate with Ml; D2 is any bi- or oligodentate ligand co-ordinated to the transition metal M2; B is any appropriately substituted chain of at least two atoms; M1 is a transition metal ion with octahedral co-ordination sphere; M2 is any transition metal ion; L1 comprises a set of 1-3 ancillary ligands that saturate the remaining co-ordination sphere of M1; and L2 comprises a set of 1-4 ancillary ligands that saturate the remaining co-ordination sphere of M2. An example of the complex according to the invention is shown in the FIG. 1. The complex according to the invention is useful for treatment of different diseases, such as cancer and infections.

Abstract: The instant invention discloses a process for the preparation of compounds of formula I 1

Abstract: The present invention relates-to compounds of the general formula (I) 1

Abstract: A phenothiazine, acridan, acridone oxime, acridone hydrazone and dibenzodiazepine derivative represented by formula (I) 1

Abstract: The invention provides a compound, useful as an optical probe or sensor of the activity of at least one cytochrome P450 enzyme, and methods of using the compound to screen candidate drugs, and candidate drugs identified by these methods.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the general formula (I) 1

Abstract: Water-insoluble nigrosine compound which is a salt of nigrosine with sulfuric acid and/or phosphoric acid, crystalline resin composition containing the nigrosine compound, and fiber-reinforced crystalline resin molded product comprising a crystalline resin and a fibrous reinforcing material and the nigrosine compound both contained therein, wherein the surface gloss is higher than that of the fiber-reinforced crystalline resin molded product with nigrosine as a substitute for said nigrosine compound. Methods for lowering the crystallization temperature of a crystalline resin, improving the fluidity of a crystalline resin, and improving the surface gloss of a crystalline resin, by incorporating the water-insoluble nigrosine in the crystalline resin respectively.

Abstract: The present invention relates-to compounds of the general formula (I) 1

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the general formula (I) 1

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of using compounds of the formula: wherein R1-R9 and Z are independently. hydrogen, hydroxy, halo, haloalkyl, thiocarbonyl, cyano, nitro, amino, imino, alkylamino, aminoalkyl, sulfhydryl, thioalkyl, alkylthio, sulfonyl, alkylsulfonyl, C1-C9 straight or branched chain alkyl, C2-C9 straight or branched chain alkenyl, C2-C9 straight or branched chain alkynyl, C1-C6 straight or branched chain alkoxy, C2-C6 straight or branched chain alkenoxy, C2-C6 straight or branched chain alkynoxy, aryl, carbocycle, heterocycle, aralkyl, alkylaryl, alkylaryloxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, aralkylsulfonyl, aralkylamino, arylamino, arylazo, arylthio, or aralkylthio; or Z is wherein U is C or N, and R7 and R8 are defined above; and X and Y are independently aryl, carbocycle, or heterocycle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the general formula (I) The compounds are useful in the treatment and/or prevention of conditions mediated by nuclear receptors, in particular the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPAR).

Abstract: Electrochromic devices and materials having enhanced daylight stability are described. The materials have a redox center linked to an energy receptor site that may serve to dissipate excited state energy from the redox center, alternatively the receptor site may absorb harmful radiation prior to the absorption by the redox center.

Abstract: A process for synthesizing 2-amino-5-dimethlyaminophenyl thiosulfonic acid comprises the step of oxidizing N,N′-dimethyl-&rgr;-phenylene-diamine in the presence of a source of thiosulfate ions, while maintaining the temperature of the reaction mixture not higher than about 10° C. This compound is useful as an intermediate in the synthesis of toluidine blue O.

Abstract: Dihydrophenazines and bis(dihydrophenazines) are prepared in high yield under commercially viable reaction conditions by reacting a catechol with a 1,2-diaminoaryl compound, wherein either the catechol or the 1,2-diaminoaryl compound is provided in at least 50% molar stoichiometric excess. The product may be oxidized to the corresponding phenazine, but is preferably derivatized at one or both of the 5,10-positions to form a monosubstituted or disubstituted dihydrophenazine or bis(dihydrophenazine). Most preferably, 5,10-dialkyl-5,10-dihydrophenazines are prepared starting from catechol and 1,2-diaminoaryl compound in a one pot synthesis. The products are useful as dyes, and in particular as chromophores in electrochromic systems.