Abstract: Pyrazole derivatives of a variety of polycyclic pigments, particularly quinacridone pigments, corresponding to the general formula ##STR1## wherein Q is the primary pigment structure; and the use of such derivatives as additives to pigment systems to provide a broad range of performance benefits to the resulting pigment compositions.

Abstract: A process for converting a 2,9-dimethylquinacridone compound into a pigment, which comprises pouring a solution of a crude 2,9-dimethylquinacridone compound in sulfuric acid into continuously flowing water to form a fine precipitate, recovering said precipitate by filtration, washing it with water, adding it to a lower alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and heating the resultant mixture to 60.degree.-200.degree. C.

Abstract: Polycyclic diamines, incorporating a basic framework similar to [3.3.3]propellane, and derivatives of the basic polycyclic diamines and a process for preparing same are provided. The diamines are prepared by subjecting bispyridine compounds to electroreductive coupling in an acidic solution. The polycyclic diamines and derivatives thereof are useful as chain extenders, crosslinking agents and curatives in various polymer systems.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which X is O, S, SO, SO.sub.2 or NR.sub.13, R.sub.13 is, for example, methyl, and R.sub.1 to R.sub.12, independently of one another, are, for example, H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 Alkoxy, halogen or --CN. The compounds are photosensitive and photochromic and are suitable as photosensitizers and simultaneously as color indicators, and as photoswitchable color filters.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new Pictet-Spengler process useful for preparing tetrahydro-beta-carboline compounds.

Abstract: A process for preparing quinacridone pigments comprising oxidizing 6,13-dihydroquinacridone or derivatives thereof at elevated temperatures in the presence of a base, dimethyl sulfoxide medium and a quinone catalyst, drowning the resulting pigment solution to precipitate the quinacridone pigment and isolating the desired quinacridone product.

Abstract: Methods for the efficient preparation of 7-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline include a first method in which the acylation of m-aminophenol obtains a lactam which is reduced to give the desired quinoline and a second method in which tetrahydroquinoline is nitrated and hydrogenated and then hydrolyzed to obtain the desire quinoline. 7-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline is used in the efficient synthesis of four lasing dyes of the rhodamine class.

Abstract: Aqueous processes for the preparation of a new beta quinacridone modification possessing a magenta color having C.I.E. color space values in masstone of L=33-36, A=34-40 and B=8-15 starting with the crude pigment and comprising several milling and alternative deaggregation and recrystallization steps, the latter being facilitated at elevated temperatures aided by the presence of base and minor amounts of crystal growth auxiliaries, and the beta quinacridone modification having the indicated C.I.E. color space values.

Abstract: Pigment preparation essentially comprisinga) at least one pigment from the class of azo, anthrapyrimidine, anthanthrone, quinacridone, perinone, diketopyrrolopyrrole, dioxazine, flavanthrone, indanthrone, isoindolinone, isoviolanthrone, perylene, phthalocyanine, pyranthrone or thioindigo pigments or a mixture of pigments belonging to various classes, andb) at least one dispersant of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which P, independently of the pigments mentioned in a), is a radical of an anthanthrone azo, quinacridone, perinone, diketopyrrolopyrrole, dioxazine, indanthrone, perylene, phthalocyanine or thioindigo pigment,R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, independently of one another, are hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: This invention relates to quinacridone solid solutions containing(a) 95% to 5% by weight of 2,9-dimethoxyquinacridone, and (b) 5% to 95% by weight of 2,9-dichloroquinacridone, characterized by X-ray diffraction patterns that are different from the sum of the X-ray diffraction patterns of the individual quinacridone components. The invention further relates to the use of such solid solutions for pigmentation of fibers, plastics, coatings, printing inks, and the like.

Abstract: A process for preparing a modified beta quinacridone polytype having identified color space values which comprises the steps of dry pre-milling beta phase quinacridone, deaggregating the pre-milled product in an alcohol-base medium and ripening the deaggregated product in the presence of an oxidizing agent.

Abstract: A new gamma quinacridone polytype having a yellowish-red color and a distinct X-ray diffraction pattern, said new form being prepared directly in high yield in pigmentary form by oxidation of 6,13-dihydroquinacridone in a basic dimethylsulfoxide medium.

Abstract: A process for converting crude pigments into pigmentary form wherein the crude pigment is premilled, then contacted with a polar solvent at temperatures below 50.degree. C., with or without the presence of particle growth inhibitors, and finally isolated.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 to R.sub.8, which may be identical to or different from each other, have diverse meanings, and the dotted line between the carbon atoms in the 4- and 4a- position or the 4a- and 5-position or the 42- and 12a position may be a single or double bond, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, as well as a process for the preparation of these compounds, and pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds. The compounds and their salts are useful for the treatment of heart-circulation disorders.

Abstract: Quinacridones having selectively adjusted triboelectric effects, which quinacridones contain about 0.05% to 100 percent by weight of triboelectrically active compounds of the general formula IQ--A--Y].sub.n (I),in which Q is a quinacridone radical which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen atoms, alkyl, alkoxy H.sub.2 N--CO--, alkyl--NH--CO-- or (alkyl).sub.2 N--CO groups, A is a direct bond or --O--, --S--, --NR.sup.1 --, --CO--, --SO.sub.2 --, --CR.sup.2 R.sup.3 -- or arylene and Y is an --NR.sup.4 R.sup.5 group or a five-, six- or seven-membered heterocycle which contains one to three heteroatoms from the series comprising nitrogen and/or oxygen and/or sulfur and which can be substituted by alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyphenyl, halogen, --CN, --COOH, --CO-- NRR', --SO.sub.2 --NRR', hydroxyalkyl or alkylaminoalkyl, in which R and R' together with the nitrogen atom can be a heterocycle, R and R' are hydrogen atoms or alkyl and R.sup.1 to R.sup.

Abstract: A new compound 3-Methoxysampangine and its analogs, compositions thereof, and method of using as an antifungal agent particularly effective against Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a substituted or unsubstituted quinacridone by oxidation of a substituted or unsubstituted dihydroquinacridone with oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of alkali, a solvent or diluent and an oxygen transfer agent, which is characterized in that the oxidation is carried out in the presence of a quaternary ammonium compound.

Abstract: Dihydroquinacridones, quinacridones and quinacridonequinones are prepared by cyclizing 2,5-dianilino-3,6-dihydroterephthalic acid derivatives or 2,5-dianilinoterephthalic acid derivatives in the liquid or solid state or in solution, in each case in finely divided form, or in the gas phase, in the presence or absence of an oxidizing agent.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2-(arylamino)-3-carboxy-9(10H)-acridones of the formula A ##STR1## in which R and R' represent hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine or bromine atoms, alkyl(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-, oxalkyl(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)- or carbonamide groups and x and y denote integers from 1 to 4, by cyclizing 2,5-diarylaminoterephthalic acids of the formula D ##STR2## in which R, R', x and y have the meanings mentioned previously, in a 5- to 15-fold amount by weight of polyphosphoric acid (P.sub.4 O.sub.10 content 80 to about 85%) or of an acidic polyphosphate (P.sub.4 O.sub.10 contents 75 to about 85%) as a water-abstracting agent at about 60.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for preparing pigmentary solid solutions of at least one quinacridone derivative and the parent quinacridone compound which comprises milling the starting quinacridone materials at ambient or near ambient temperatures in the presence of an alcohol and a base.

Abstract: Pigments of the quinacridonequinone series consisting of 98-20 mol percent of a quinacridonequinone of the general formula (1) ##STR1## in which R denotes a hydrogen or chlorine atom or a methyl or carbonamide group and m and n are 1 or 2, and 1-65 mol percent of a quinacridone of the general formula (2) ##STR2## in which R, m and n have the abovementioned meaning, and 1-15 mol percent of one or two acridone derivatives of the general formulae (3) and/or (4) ##STR3## in which X denotes O or NH and R can be identical or different and, like m and n, has the abovementioned meaning, the added compounds of the general formulae (2), (3) and/or (4) being predominantly incorporated into the crystal lattice if the quinacridonequinone of the general formula (1), processes for their preparation and their use for coloring synthetic and naturally occurring materials.

Abstract: A new beta quinacridone polytype having a magenta color and a distinct X-ray diffraction pattern, said new form preferably having an average particle size of about 0.2-0.8 .mu.m and being prepared by various wet milling or reflux procedures in alcohol-base systems.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a 6,13-dihydroquinacridone of the general formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 designate hydrogen or substituents customary for quinacridone, characterized in that an optionally substituted dialkyl 2,5-di-(phenylamino)-3,6-dihydroterephthalate is heated to temperatures of 240.degree.-320.degree. C. in an essentially oxygen-free atmosphere in the presence of a dimethyl-diphenyl ether isomer mixture of the formula ##STR2## as the solvent and/or diluent, and a process for the preparation of optionally substituted quinacridone, characterized in that the resulting 6,13-dihydroquinacridone is oxidized in the customary manner.

Abstract: A process for the preparation and conditioning of organic pigments, which comprises the use of at least one tricyclodecane alcohol or tricyclodecene alcohol.

Abstract: Process for preparing yellow shade modification of gamma quinacridone whereby the .gamma..sub.II form is converted to the .gamma..sub.I form (1) by milling in an alcohol and in the presence of a base or (2) by premilling the .gamma..sub.II form to the .gamma..sub.I form and then refluxing or milling the resulting .gamma..sub.I form in an alcohol in the presence of a base, the resulting product being a highly crystalline, bright, yellow shade, ready dispersable .gamma..sub.I quinacridone pigment.

Abstract: Compounds of the formulae I, II and III ##STR1## in which R is --F, --Cl, --Br, C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkoxy, and n is the number 0, 1, 2 or 3, are suitable in particular for use as photoconductive substances.

Abstract: A process for preparing the high-hiding form of the .gamma.-crystal modification of unsubstituted linear transquinacridone having improved tinctorial strength and producing a coating of higher gloss, which comprises carrying out (a) the known cyclization of 2,5-diphenylaminoterephthalic acid in highly concentrated polyphosphoric acid or in acid polyphosphoric acid ester to the quinacridone and/or (b) the known hydrolysis of the quinacridone melt obtained in (a) and/or (c) the known aqueous alkali extraction of the quinacridone obtained in (b) and/or (d) the known finishing of the quinacridone obtained in (a) in the presence of 0.5 to 10 percent by weight, based on quinacridone, of surface-active agents.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of linear quinacridones of the formula (1) ##STR1## in which R denotes a hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkoxy or phenyl group or a fused benzene ring or a phenylamino or phenoxy group which can be substituted on the aromatic nucleus by fluorine, chlorine or bromine atoms or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl groups, and n denotes a number from 0 to 2, it being possible, in the event that n.noteq.0, for the substituents R present on the same benzene ring or on the two benzene rings to be identical or different, by the oxidation of linear 6,13-dihydroquinacridones of the formula (2) ##STR2## in which R and n have the meanings mentioned above, which comprises heating, at temperatures from about 180.degree. C. to about 280.degree. C., 1 mole of the last-mentioned compounds with 1 to 2 moles of iodine in a high-boiling organic solvent which is inert towards the reactants.

Abstract: Silane quinacridone dyes, composite pigments obtainable therefrom by association with an inorganic substrate, and the processes for preparing them. The dyes have the general formula: ##STR1## wherein X is an --SO.sub.2 NHR group, where R is an alkyl group, linear or branched, having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group, a phenyl group optionally substituted by one or more alkyl or alkoxy groups (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6), a halogen;Y and Z indicate a silane group having the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is an alkoxy group (C.sub.1 -C.sub.2), R.sub.2 is an alkyl group (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) or a phenyl group; n is 3, 4 or 5; q is 0 or 1; p and m are integers, such that when q is 1, p is 2 and m is 0, 1 or 2, and when q is 0, p is 3 and m is 0, 1, 2 or 3; W indicates an --SO.sub.3 H group; a, b and c are 0 or 1, selected in such a way that the sum a+b+c is equal to 1.

Abstract: 4,6,6a,7,8,12b-hexahydro-indolo[4,3-ab]phenanthridines are useful as dopaminergic and analgesic agents.

Abstract: Silane quinacridone dyes, composite pigments obtainable therefrom by association with an inorganic substrate, and the processes for preparing them. The dyes have the general formula: ##STR1## wherein X is an --SO.sub.2 NHR group, where R is an alkyl group, linear or branched, having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group, a phenyl group optionally substituted by one or more alkyl or alkoxy groups (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6), a halogen; Y and Z indicate a silane group having the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is an alkoxy group (C.sub.1 -C.sub.2), R.sub.2 is an alkyl group (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) or a phenyl group; n is 3, 4 or 5; q is 0 or 1; p and m are integers, such that when q is 1, p is 2 and m is 0, 1 or 2, and when q is 0, p is 3 and m is 0, 1, 2 or 3; W indicates an --SO.sub.3 H group; a, b and c are 0 or 1, selected in such a way that the sum a+b+c is equal to 1.

Abstract: A process is disclosed wherein 2,5-di(phenylamino) terephthalic acid is half-cyclized by dissolving it in a mixture of polyphosphoric acid and phosphoric acid and heating at 100.degree.-120.degree. C. to form 2-(phenyl)amino-3-carboxy-9(10H)acridone (ACA). The ACA is decarboxylated to form 2-(phenyl)amino-9(10H)acridone, also known as 2-anilinoacridone, by dissolving it in tetramethylene sulfone and heating in the presence of a basic cupric carbonate catalyst.

Abstract: Finished grade pigments are prepared from crude pigment precursors by conversion to aggregated low crystallinity pigment followed by milling the aggregated low crystallinity pigment in water having a pH of from 7 to 14 and from 5 to 25% based on pigment of a separate phase comprising an organic liquid which is effective in growing and improving the crystallinity of the pigment particles. The resulting material is extracted in dilute acid, washed free of acid and dried to produce the final finished grade pigment.

Abstract: Dyes of the formula ##STR1## where F is an (m+n)-valent radical of a quinophthalone, dioxazine, indigo, quinacridone, triphenylmethane or rhodamine dye, M.sup..sym. is H.sup..sym. or one equivalent of a metal cation, m is 0, 1 or 2 and n is 1, 2, 3 or 4, and their salts, are very useful for dyeing and printing paper. If they are used for wet-end dyeing, the waste water is virtually colorless. The colorations obtained exhibit good lightfastness and good bleeding fastness.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of deeply colored organic pigments by crystallizing finely divided crude organic pigments, whose primary particles have a size of .ltoreq.0.2 .mu.m, in C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 -alkanes, C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 -alkenes or C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -chloroalkanes at from 40.degree. to 250.degree. C. to under atmospheric pressure or superatmospheric pressure, and isolating the pigment.The pigments obtained by the process give deep, brilliant colorations.

Abstract: Dyes of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -alkenyl, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently of one another are hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 -alkenyl, R.sup.4 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl or hydroxy-C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, X.sup..crclbar. is one equivalent of an anion, mis from 0 to 5 and n is from 0 to 5, with 1.ltoreq.(m+n).ltoreq.5, and F is an (m+n)-valent radical of a monoazo dye, a disazo dye, a polyazo dye, a quinophthalone, a bis-dioxazine, a compound of the 5,6-arylo-2-pyrone series, a naphtholactam dye, a triphenylmethane dye, a xanthene dye, a phthalocyanine, an indigoid, an anthraquinone dye containing one or more phenyl or naphthyl groups, a more highly fused carbonyl-containing dye, a quinacridone, a perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimide, an anthrapyrimidine, a pyrazoloanthrone, a diaminonaphthoquinone, a naphthazarine or a naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic acid diimide.

Abstract: Pigment compositions prepared from a pigment, a hydroxylic solvent, and a polar polymer may be reduced in particle size by grinding in the absence of a salt to produce a pigment which may be used "as is" without any subsequent treatment.

Abstract: A process for converting a pigment or disperse dye into another modification by treating the colorant with a liquid alkylamine and removing the treatment agent by evaporation after the conversion into the modification.The pigments afforded by the instant process are used in the same way as the untreated colorants for pigmenting materials of high molecular weight.

Abstract: A process for preparing beta or gamma crystals of linear quinacridone, substituted quinacridone or solid solutions thereof by contacting premilled quinacridone with 45-60% by weight sulfuric acid and 0-10% by weight of a surfactant based on the quinacridone at a weight ratio of acid to quinacridone of 3:1-6:1 to form a slurry, agitating said slurry for a period of time at 45.degree.-75.degree. C., adding water to form a dilute slurry, agitating said dilute slurry for a period of time at 75.degree.-95.degree. C. and separating quinacridone from the liquid of the dilute slurry.

Abstract: Finely divided gamma crystal phase quinacridone pigments are prepared by a process wherein a crude quinacridone of an arbitrary crystal phase is dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide in the presence of a caustic alkali and water and then a mineral acid or a mixture of a mineral acid with at least one diluent selected from water, dimethyl sulfoxide and a monohydric alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is incorporated into the so-formed solution, thereby neutralizing the caustic alkali present in the solution to precipitate a finely divided gamma phase quinacridone.

Abstract: Unsubstituted linear trans-quinacridone of the gamma-crystal modification is obtained by cyclization of 2,5-dianilino-terephthalic acid with the 2.5 to 4-fold quantity of polyphosphoric acid or of an acidic polyphosphoric acid methyl ester, followed by hydrolysis of the condensation product in water, intensive grinding of the aqueous crude quinacridone in the presence of an alcohol or ketone and heating of the resulting product to 80.degree. to 200.degree. C.

Abstract: In a process for preparing pigmentary .gamma.-quinacridone by oxidizing .beta.-dihydroquinacridone with a mild alkali-stable oxidizing agent in a liquid medium consisting of alkali metal hydroxide, water and a polar, alkali-stable, water-soluble organic liquid, this invention provides for an improvement wherein the oxidation is conducted in the presence of 0.1% to 1% by weight of an o-carboxybenzamidomethyl quinacridone compound whereby the resulting .gamma.-quinacridone exhibits sufficiently high strength so that milling or solvent treatments to increase pigment strength are unnecessary.

Abstract: 2,5-Diarylamino terephthalates are obtained in good yields and excellent purity when the aromatic nitro compound used for oxidizing the corresponding dihydro-2,5-diarylamino terephthalate contains the aromatic radical of said diarylamino groups, i.e. when the amine formed during the oxidation is that from which said diarylamino groups device. The products yield very pure quinacridone pigments and allow the synthesis of only one isomer of substituted quinacridones.