Bicyclo Ring System Having The Five-membered Hetero Ring As One Of The Cyclos Patents (Class 548/121)
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Patent number: 5667764Abstract: Compounds are provided having the capability of binding therapeutically active substances to lipid containing bio-compatible particles, such as cells or viruses. These compounds include a bio-affecting moiety, comprising a therapeutically active substance, which is linked via a linking moiety to at least one hydrocarbon substituent selected so that the compounds is sufficiently non-polar to impart lipid binding capability to the compound. Thus, compounds of the invention are useful for site-selective delivery of therapeutic agents, and retention thereof at the selected site.Methods are provided for using various compounds of the invention in treatment of diseases or other pathological conditions. For example, methods are provided for treatment of: (1) post-angioplasty restenosis; (2) rheumatoid arthritis; (3) tumor cell proliferation, particularly tumor cells associated with ovarian cancer; and (4) psoriasis.Type: GrantFiled: May 15, 1992Date of Patent: September 16, 1997Assignee: Zynaxis, Inc.Inventors: Gregory A. Kopia, Paul K. Horan, Brian D. Gray, David E. Troutner, Katharine A. Muirhead, Kamleshkumar A. Sheth, Chia-En Lin, Zhizhou Yu, Bruce D. Jensen, Sue Ellen Slezak
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Patent number: 5587482Abstract: The present invention is directed to a dye suitable for spectral sensitization of a photographic element. Specifically, the dye is a compound having the structure: ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 each independently represents H; halogen; alkyl of 1-6 carbons; aryl of 6-24 carbons; alkoxy of 1-6 carbons; carbonyl; or sulfonate; or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 taken together represent the atoms necessary to complete a six-membered carbocylic ring;R.sup.5 represents hydrogen, alkyl of 1-6 carbons or aryl of 6-24 carbons;R.sup.6, R.sup.7, and R.sup.8 independently represent alkyl 1-6 carbons; aryl of 6-24 carbons; or any pair of R.sup.6, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 taken together represent a five- or six-member heterocyclic ring;X represents O, S, CH.dbd.CH, Se, Te or N--R.sup.10 ;Y represents O, S, or N--R.sup.9 ;Z represents O, S or Se;R.sup.9 represents alkyl of 1-6 carbons; or an aryl of 6-24 carbons;R.sup.Type: GrantFiled: March 7, 1996Date of Patent: December 24, 1996Assignee: Sterling Diagnostic Imaging, Inc.Inventors: Dietrich M. Fabricius, Ralf H. Harms, James J. Welter
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Patent number: 5583123Abstract: The present invention relates to the phosphono-alkylamino-substituted tetrazole derivatives of formula I ##STR1## and tautomers thereof wherein R.sub.1 is (carbocyclic or heterocyclic) aryl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl; X is phenylene, phenylene substituted by lower alkoxy, lower-alkyl, halogen or trifluoromethyl or X.sub.1 is ethynylene; R.sub.2 is carbocyclic or heterocyclic aryl; pharmaceutically acceptable mono- or di-ester derivatives thereof in which one or both of the acidic hydroxy groups of the phosphono functional group are esterified in form of a pharmaceutically acceptable mono- or di-ester, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds; methods for preparation of said compounds and for the preparation of intermediates; and methods of treating disorders in mammals which are responsive to the inhibition of endothelin-converting enzyme by administration of said compounds to mammals in need of such treatment.Type: GrantFiled: December 22, 1994Date of Patent: December 10, 1996Assignee: Ciba-Geigy CorporationInventor: St ephane De Lombaert
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Patent number: 5576432Abstract: A process of preparing a dihydropyrimidine compound of the structure (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are bonded together to form an aromatic or heterocyclic ring, which may be substituted or unsubstituted, or are individually selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, or a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, carbocyclic, or heterocyclic group;R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are individually selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, carbocyclic or heterocyclic group; andX represents the atoms necessary to form a 5 or 6 membered heterocyclic ring, and is selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, selenium, ##STR2## wherein R.sup.6, R.sup.7, and R.sup.8 are individually selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, carbocyclic or heterocyclic group; comprising combining a compound (A) of the structure: ##STR3## wherein X, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, and R.sup.Type: GrantFiled: December 23, 1994Date of Patent: November 19, 1996Assignee: Eastman Kodak CompanyInventors: Roger Lok, Antony J. Williams
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Patent number: 5530117Abstract: The disclosure is drawn to novel 7-substituted-9-(substituted amino)-6-demethyl-6-deoxytetracycline compounds. These compounds are useful to treat infections caused by a wide spectrum of bacterial organisms, including those which are resistant to tetracycline.Type: GrantFiled: May 31, 1995Date of Patent: June 25, 1996Assignee: American Cyanamid CompanyInventors: Joseph J. Hlavka, Phaik-Eng Sum, Yakov Gluzman, Ving J. Lee, Adma A. Ross
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Patent number: 5519136Abstract: A radiation-sensitive compound has the general formula ##STR1## wherein A represents the ring members required to complete a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring which may optionally be fused to an optionally substituted aromatic nucleus,B represents H, acryl, aroyl, heterocyclyl carbonyl or ##STR2## R represents an optionally substituted alkyl group, E and G, which may be the same or different, each represents H or CH.sub.p X.sub.3-p,J and K, which may be the same or different, each represents an aryl or heterocyclic group, which may optionally include a substitutent additional to E or G,X represents Cl or Br, andm, n and p, which may be the same or different, each represents an integer equal to 0, 1 or 2.The compound can be used to form radiation sensitive compositions for the production of radiation sensitive plates in lithographic printing plate manufacture.Type: GrantFiled: May 22, 1992Date of Patent: May 21, 1996Inventor: John R. Wade
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Patent number: 5495018Abstract: The invention provides compounds of the formulas ##STR1## which are useful as intermediates for the preparation of 6-demethyl-6-deotetracycline antibiotic agents.Type: GrantFiled: December 8, 1994Date of Patent: February 27, 1996Assignee: American Cyanamid CompanyInventors: Phaik-Eng Sum, Ving J. Lee, Joseph J. Hlavka, Raymond T. Testa
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Patent number: 5424442Abstract: A water-soluble methine compound represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2, which may be the same or different, each represents a non-metallic atomic group required for forming a 5-membered or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, which may be the same or different, each represents an alkyl group; Q.sub.1 and Q.sub.2 each represents an atomic group required, in combination, for forming a 4-thiazolidinone ring, a 5-thiazolidinone ring, a 4-imidazolidinone ring, a 4-oxazolidinone ring, a 5-oxazolidinone ring, a 5-imidazolidinone ring or a 4-dithiolanone ring; L.sub.1, L.sub.2, L.sub.3, L.sub.4 and L.sub.5, which may be the same or different, each represents a methine group; R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group; m represents 1 or 2; i and h each represents 0 or 1; l represents 1 or 2; and j and k each represents 0, 1, 2 or 3.Type: GrantFiled: June 18, 1993Date of Patent: June 13, 1995Assignee: Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.Inventors: Keizo Koya, Toshinao Ukai, Haruo Takei
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Patent number: 5424443Abstract: The invention relates to new substituted benzothiazole derivatives of general formula (I), in which X, Y and Z have the meanings given in the description, processes for their preparation and their use as herbicides.Type: GrantFiled: January 24, 1994Date of Patent: June 13, 1995Assignee: Schering AktiengesellschaftInventors: Michael Ganzer, Gabriele Dorfmeister, Wilfried Franke, Gerhard Johann, Richard Rees
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Patent number: 5403930Abstract: A compound of the formula Het--NR--SO.sub.2 --Ph.sup.2 --A--Ph.sup.1 (COOH)(OH) and tautomic form, salts, solvates, C.sub.1-6 alkyl esters and pharmaceutical compositions of the compound. Ph.sup.1 and Ph.sup.2 are benzene rings with the proviso that carboxy and hydroxy are ortho to one another. Het includes an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring which includes conjugated double bonds and binds to nitrogen in NR. The compound is characterized in that A is a bridge which is stable against reduction because it is not azo, and in that R is hydrogen or lower alkyl.The invention also includes the preparation of the compound and its use as a drug, particularly for treating autoimmune diseases.Type: GrantFiled: October 7, 1993Date of Patent: April 4, 1995Assignee: Pharmacia ABInventors: Hubert Agback, Leif Ahrgren, Thomas Berglindh, Martin Haraldsson, Goran Smedeg.ang.rd, Lars-Inge Olsson
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Patent number: 5334333Abstract: The present invention relates to electroactive compounds capable of undergoing a change in light absorption and refraction due to an applied electric field and a permanent change in refraction due to exposure to predetermined bands of optical radiation. The present invention also relates to electroactive compositions containing such electroactive compounds, electrooptical components comprised of such electroactive compositions and electrooptical devices comprised of such electrooptical components, as well as novel processes of making the same.Type: GrantFiled: December 17, 1990Date of Patent: August 2, 1994Assignee: Elf Atochem North America, Inc.Inventor: Frederick J. Goetz
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Patent number: 5302718Abstract: A compound of the formula Het--NR--SO.sub.2 --Ph.sup.2 --A--Ph.sup.1 (COOH)(OH) and tautomeric form, salts, solvates, C.sub.1-6 alkyl esters and pharmaceutical compositions of the compound. Ph.sup.1 and Ph.sup.2 are benzene rings with the proviso that carboxy and hydroxy are ortho to one another. Het includes an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring which includes conjugated double bonds and binds to nitrogen in NR. The compound is characterized in that A is a bridge which is stable against reduction because it is not azo, and in that R is hydrogen or lower alkyl.The invention also includes the preparation of the compound and its use as a drug, particularly for treating autoimmune diseases.Type: GrantFiled: November 9, 1992Date of Patent: April 12, 1994Assignee: Kabi Pharmacia ABInventors: Hubert Agback, Leif Ahrgren, Thomas Berglindh, Martin Haraldsson, Goran Smedegard, Lars-Inge Olsson
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Patent number: 5294709Abstract: Methine compounds represented by the following general formula (Ia) or (Ib); ##STR1## wherein CYA represents atoms having a cyanine chromogen structure, MER represents atoms having a merocyanine chromogen structure, L represents a divalent linkage group composed of an atom or atoms containing at least one of a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom and an oxygen atom, Het represents a group containing a 5- to 7-membered hetero ring containing at least one nitrogen atom, l.sub.1 represents 1 or 2, l.sub.2 represents 0 or 1, and l.sub.3 represents 1, 2 or 3. Methine dyes using same are also disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: January 14, 1993Date of Patent: March 15, 1994Assignee: Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.Inventors: Toshinao Ukai, Yoshio Inagaki
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Patent number: 5252742Abstract: The present invention provides a spiropyran compound represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or aralkyl, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are the same or different and are each a hydrogen atom, alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, aryl or aralkyl, alkoxyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, halogen atom, cyano, trichloromethyl, trifluoromethyl or nitro, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are the same or different and are each a hydrogen atom, alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, aryl or aralkyl, halogen atom, cyano or nitro, X is an oxygen atom or sulfur atom, Y is Se or (CH.sub.3).sub.2 C<, Z is ##STR2## and X is a sulfur atom when Y is (CH.sub.3).sub.2 C<. The spiropyran compound of the present invention itself is usable as a material such as recording material, photosensitive material, optical filter or decorative material.Type: GrantFiled: January 29, 1993Date of Patent: October 12, 1993Assignee: Otsuka Kagaku Kabushiki KaishaInventor: Akira Miyashita
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Patent number: 5246951Abstract: Compounds of general formula (I): ##STR1## where R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.4, A and B are defined in the description. Medicinal products.Type: GrantFiled: November 22, 1991Date of Patent: September 21, 1993Assignee: Adir et CompagnieInventors: Vincent Galet, Marie-Pierre Vaccher, Daniel Lesieur, Pierre Renard, Daniel H. Caignard, Jean-Francois Renaud de la Faverie, Gerard Adam
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Patent number: 5216166Abstract: Cyanine dyes are disclosed having a nucleus of the formula: ##STR1## wherein; A and B are independently selected from the group consisting of heterocyclic ring nuclei and heterocyclic fused ring nuclei so as to complete a cyanine dye,m and n independently have values of 0, 1, 2 or 3 with the proviso that 2.ltoreq.m+n.ltoreq.4,R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl groups and aryl groups, each of which groups may be substituted, andQ represents those non-metallic atoms necessary to complete a nucleus selected from the group consisting of heterocyclic ring nuclei, carbocyclic ring nuclei, heterocyclic fused ring nuclei and carbocyclic fused ring nuclei.Type: GrantFiled: June 19, 1991Date of Patent: June 1, 1993Assignee: Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing CompanyInventors: Ronald W. Burrows, Kevin P. Hall
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Patent number: 5008394Abstract: The invention is related to a process for preparing highly pure Ebselen (2-phenyl-1.Type: GrantFiled: August 9, 1989Date of Patent: April 16, 1991Assignee: A. Nattermann & Cie, GmbHInventors: Bernd-Rainer Gunther, Rainer Losch, Klaus Steiner
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Patent number: 4988822Abstract: 5-Aroyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrrole-1,1-dicarboxylates of the formula ##STR1## are prepared from 2-halopyrroles. Hydrolysis and .beta.-decarboxylation of these compounds affords ketorolac and related compounds.Type: GrantFiled: July 27, 1989Date of Patent: January 29, 1991Assignee: Syntex (U.S.A.) Inc.Inventors: Joseph M. Muchowski, Robert Greenhouse
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Patent number: 4966828Abstract: Disclosed is a compound of the general formula ##STR1## wherein L=H or CO--(R.sup.1).sub.n (CX.sub.3).sub.m, M=alkylene, alkenylene, Q=S, Se, O, dialkylmethylene, alken-1,2-ylene, 1,2-phenylene or N-R, with M+Q together forming 3 or 4 ring members, R=alkyl, aralkyl or alkoxyalkyl, R.sup.1 is an aromatic group and X=Cl, Br or I, with n=O and m=1 or n=1 and m=1 or 2. The compounds, on exposure, eliminate HX and form free radicals and are therefore highly effective as acid donors and free radical initiators for photochemical processes.Type: GrantFiled: September 13, 1984Date of Patent: October 30, 1990Assignee: Hoechst AktiengesellschaftInventors: Reinhard Doenges, Hans Ruckert, Ulrich Geissler, Hartmut Steppan
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Patent number: 4933269Abstract: A infrared absorbing filter dye that also imparts a cool image tone after processing is disclosed for use in photographic elements. The dye has the formula: ##STR1## where Z and Z' each independently represents the atoms necessary to complete a substituted or unsubstituted: thiazole nucleus, selenazole nucleus, indole nucleus, imidazole nucleus, or quinoline nucleus,R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each independently substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or substituted or unsubstituted aryl,Z" represents the atoms necessary to complete a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring,Q represents the atoms necessary to complete a substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclic ring,m and n each independently represents 0 or 1, andX represents a counterion as needed to balance the charge of the molecule.Type: GrantFiled: November 27, 1989Date of Patent: June 12, 1990Assignee: Eastman Kodak CompanyInventors: Richard L. Parton, David A. Stegman, Ralph W. Jones, Jr.
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Patent number: 4774252Abstract: The present invention relates to new benzisoselenazolonyl derivatives of the general formula (I) ##STR1## and processes for the treatment of rheumatic diseases.Type: GrantFiled: February 17, 1988Date of Patent: September 27, 1988Assignee: A. Nattermann & Cie GmbHInventors: Andre Welter, Christian Lambert, Norbert Dereu, Andrea Huther, Eugen Etschenberg
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Patent number: 4711961Abstract: The invention relates to new benzisoselenazolethiones of the general formula I ##STR1## and to processes for the treatment of various diseases by administering them to such beings.Type: GrantFiled: February 26, 1985Date of Patent: December 8, 1987Assignee: A. Nattermann & Cie GmbHInventors: Andre Welter, Sigurd Leyck, Eugen Etschenberg
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Patent number: 4680375Abstract: Tricarbocyanine polymeric dyes have formulae I and II: ##STR1## where Y can be ##STR2## --S--, --Se-- or --O--, A can be ##STR3## in which R.sup.19 can be alkyl or --Cl, and p can be 0 or 1, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 independently can be alkyl of (C.sub.1 -C.sub.30), preferably (C.sub.1 -C.sub.18),R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 independently can be --H, C.sub.6 H.sub.5 SO.sub.2 --, or CF.sub.3 SO.sub.2 --,Z can be --SO.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2).sub.m, or vinylene,W can be I.sup.-, Br.sup.-, Cl.sup.-, ClO.sub.4.sup.-, PECHS.sup.- (polyethylcyclohexylsulfonate), F.sub.3 CSO.sub.3.sup.- (trifluoromethanesulfonate), or other commonly used dye anions,m is an integer of 1 to 20, andn is an integer of 5 to 10,000.Type: GrantFiled: March 11, 1985Date of Patent: July 14, 1987Assignee: Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing CompanyInventor: Mohamed A. Elmasry
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Patent number: 4599410Abstract: Methine dyes are disclosed which contain a 2-halo or pseudohalo substituted 1,2,5-oxatellurazole ring fused with an aromatic nucleus, the aromatic nucleus being substituted with a methine linkage terminating in an auxochrome providing a conjugated resonance chromophore. The dyes can be formed by condensing a methine linkage precursor with a compound containing an oxatellurazole ring fused with an aromatic nucleus. The dyes are useful in optical recording elements and in photographic elements.Type: GrantFiled: February 19, 1985Date of Patent: July 8, 1986Assignee: Eastman Kodak CompanyInventor: Wolfgang H. H. Gunther
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Patent number: 4550168Abstract: The invention relates to new benzisoselenazolones of the general formula I ##STR1## and a process for the treatment of humans suffering from inflammatory diseases of the rheumatic type.Type: GrantFiled: July 12, 1983Date of Patent: October 29, 1985Assignee: A. Nattermann & Cie GmbHInventors: Andre Welter, Sigurd Leyck, Eugen Etschenberg
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Patent number: 4539408Abstract: Quaternary sulfoalkyl or sulfoalkenyl salts of tertiary amine bases are prepared by reacting the tertiary amine bases at elevated temperatures with a hydroxy alkane sulfonic acid or a hydroxyalkene sulphonic acid.Type: GrantFiled: April 28, 1978Date of Patent: September 3, 1985Assignee: Agfa-Gevaert AktiengesellschaftInventors: Helmut Kampfer, Marie Hase, Max Glass
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Patent number: 4418069Abstract: The present invention is related to new benzisoselenazolones having the general formula I ##STR1## new products having the general formula II ##STR2## used as intermediary products in the production of the compounds of formula I and a method for the treatment of rheumatic diseases using a compound of formula I as active agent.Type: GrantFiled: July 9, 1981Date of Patent: November 29, 1983Assignee: A. Nattermann & Cie GmbHInventors: Andre Welter, Leon Christiaens, Ferdinand Wirtz-Peitz
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Patent number: 4380629Abstract: Styryl-like compounds showing improved stability and prolonged lifetime on repetition of the coloration and bleaching cycle and represented by the general formula ##STR1## in which R represents an alkyl or phenyl group, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently represent a lower alkyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group, or an alkoxyalkyl group, R.sub.3 represents hydrogen, an alkyl group, a halogen, a nitrile group, an aromatic group or a phenoxy group, Y represents O or S, Z represents an alkylene radical of 2 to 4 carbon atoms, with or without alkyl substituent(s), necessary for forming a ring structure together with ##STR2## A represents a residue of an aromatic aldehyde, a heterocyclic aldehyde, an aromatic nitroso compound or a heterocyclic nitroso compound, and n is an integer of 2 or 3.Type: GrantFiled: April 20, 1981Date of Patent: April 19, 1983Assignee: Matsushita Electric Industrial Company, LimitedInventors: Akio Yamashita, Masaaki Hayami
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Patent number: 4316984Abstract: A particular class of novel nitro-substituted dyes has been found to act as effective, heat labile acutance dyes for photothermographic emulsions.Type: GrantFiled: June 27, 1980Date of Patent: February 23, 1982Assignee: Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing CompanyInventor: Harvey A. Brown
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Patent number: 4314058Abstract: This invention relates to color-changing stryl-like compounds and the preparing of the same. A compound according to the present invention has, as its principal ring, an indoline ring of 2nd position, and has, at stimulation reversible or irreversible change(s) between a closed ring structre of a non-plane molecular structure indicated by the following chemical formula(1) showing white or pale color, and an open ring structure of a plane molecular structure indicated by the following chemical formula(2) showing vivid visible color: ##STR1## Wherein Q represents benzene ring with or without substituted radicals and/or condensed ring(s); R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represent lower alkyl radicals hydroxyalkyl radicals or alkoxyalkyl radicals of the same or different kinds,; R.sub.Type: GrantFiled: February 6, 1980Date of Patent: February 2, 1982Assignee: Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.Inventors: Masaaki Hayami, Seiko Torikoshi
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Patent number: 4308390Abstract: Sulphoalkyl and sulphoalkenyl quaternary salts of heterocyclic nitrogen compounds are prepared by reacting heterocyclic compounds containing a tertiary ring nitrogen atom at an elevated temperature with an O-sulphoalkyl or O-sulphoalkenylisourea compound.Type: GrantFiled: March 6, 1980Date of Patent: December 29, 1981Assignee: Agfa-Gevaert AktiengesellschaftInventors: Helmut Kampfer, Max Glass
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Patent number: 4287348Abstract: Sulphoalkyl quaternary salts of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is --O--, --Se--, --S--, --NR-- or --CR(R)--, R is hydrogen or alkyl, R.sub.1 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each hydrogen or substituents or together represent the atoms necessary to complete an optionally substituted benzene ring, R.sub.4 is optionally substituted alkylene of 3 or 4 carbon atoms and n is 1 or 0, except that when n is 1, R.sub.1 cannot be hydrogen, are prepared by heating at a temperature above 80.degree. C. a heterocyclic base of the formula ##STR2## wherein X, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and n have the indicated meanings with a hydroxysulphonic acid of the formula HOR.sub.4 SO.sub.3 H.Type: GrantFiled: June 5, 1978Date of Patent: September 1, 1981Assignee: Ciba-Geigy AGInventors: Rainer Kitzing, Geoffrey E. Ficken, Victor W. Dolden
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Patent number: T103803Abstract: Photographic silver halide emulsions show increased speed and reduced latent image fading when a compound of the following structure is incorporated: ##STR1## wherein: X is --O--, --S--, --Se--, or ##STR2## Y represents the atoms completing a fused aromatic nucleus; Z is ##STR3## and R is hydrogen or lower alkyl of from 1 to 5 carbon atoms.Type: GrantFiled: August 16, 1982Date of Patent: January 3, 1984Inventors: Roger Lok, John P. Freeman, William N. Baum