Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of formula: and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof, useful in treating and/or preventing Alzheimer's disease and other similar diseases, wherein RN, RC, R1, R2 and R20 are defined herein. These compounds include inhibitors of the beta-secretase enzyme that are useful in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other diseases characterized by deposition of A beta peptide in a mammal. The compounds of the invention are useful in pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment to reduce A beta peptide formation.

Abstract: This invention provides a compound of the formula: or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein A is partially unsaturated or unsaturated five membered heterocyclic, or partially unsaturated or unsaturated five membered carbocyclic, wherein the 4-(sulfonyl)phenyl and the 4-substituted phenyl in the formula (I) are attached to ring atoms of Ring A, which are adjacent to each other; R1 is optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl, with the proviso that when A is pyrazole, R1 is heteroaryl; R2 is C1-4 alkyl; halo-substituted C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkylamino, C1-4 dialkylamino or amino; R3, R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, halo, C1-4 alkyl, halo-substituted C1-4 alkyl or the like; or two of R3, R4 and R5 are taken together with atoms to which they are attached and form a 4-7 membered ring. R6 and R7 are independently hydrogen, halo, C1-4 alkyl, halo-substituted C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C1-4 alkylthio, C1-4 alkylamino or N,N-di C1-4 alkylamino; and m and n are independently 1, 2, 3 or 4.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds with the formula (II) and also to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, to processes for their preparation, as well as to the use of the compounds in medicine and for the preparation of a medicament which acts on the human 11-&bgr;-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 enzyme.

Abstract: This invention provides a compound of the formula: or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein A is partially unsaturated or unsaturated five membered heterocyclic, or partially unsaturated or unsaturated five membered carbocyclic, wherein the 4-(sulfonyl)phenyl and the 4-substituted phenyl in the formula (I) are attached to ring atoms of Ring A, which are adjacent to each other; R1 is optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl, with the proviso that when A is pyrazole, R1 is heteroaryl; R2 is C1-4 alkyl, halo-substituted C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkylamino, C1-4 dialkylamino or amino; R3, R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, halo,, C1-4 alkyl, halo-substituted C1-4 alkyl or the like; or two of R3, R4 and R5 are taken together with atoms to which they are attached and form a 4-7 membered ring; R6 and R7 are independently hydrogen, halo, C1-4 alkyl, halo-substituted C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C1-4 alkylthio, C1-4 alkylamino or N,N-di C1-4 alkylamino; and m and n are independently 1, 2, 3 o

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of formula 1 wherein R1, R3, and R4 are as defined, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Compounds of formula 1 are indicated to have activity inhibiting cdk5, cdk2, and GSK-3. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods comprising compounds of formula 1 for treating diseases and conditions comprising abnormal cell growth, such as cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases and conditions and those affected by dopamine neurotransmission are described.

Abstract: A compound of formula I in which: ring A is one of the five alternative multi-cyclic rings as shown wherein a dotted line adjacent to a bond indicates that a single bond or a double bond may be present at that position; X is nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur; R is hydrogen, lower straight or branched chain alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or lower straight or branched chain alkenyl of 2 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic ring of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl optionally mono- or di-substituted with hydroxy, halogen, alkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms or alkoxy of 1 to 2 carbon atoms, or methylenedioxyphenyl; or a stereoisomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. These compounds have &agr;2 receptor blocking activity and hence find use in the treatment or palliation of elevated intraocular pressure, non insulin-dependent diabetes, male impotence and obesity.

Abstract: An antistatic composition comprises (a) at least one ionic salt consisting of a nonpolymeric nitrogen onium cation and a weakly coordinating fluoroorganic anion, the conjugate acid of the anion being a superacid; and (b) at least one thermoplastic polymer. The composition exhibits good antistatic performance over a wide range of humidity levels.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a class of 2-aminothiazoline derivatives of formula I: in which either R1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical and R2 is an alkyl, -alk-NH2, —CH2—R3, —CH2—S—R4 or phenyl radical substituted with a nitro or —NH—C(═NH)CH3 radical, or R1 is an alkyl radical and R2 is a hydrogen atom, R3 is a (3-6C) cycloalkyl, pyridyl, pyridyl N-oxide, thienyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazinyl, triazolyl or phenyl radical or a phenyl radical substituted with a nitro, hydroxy or carboxyl radical, R4 represents a pyridyl or pyridyl N-oxide radical, alk represents an alkylene radical, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which are useful as inhibitors of inducible NO-synthase.

Abstract: The invention relates to substituted polycyclic aryl and heteroaryl tertiary-heteroalkylamine compounds useful as inhibitors of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP; plasma lipid transfer protein-I) and compounds, compositions and methods for treating atherosclerosis and other coronary artery diseases. Preferred tertiary-heteroalkylamine compounds are substituted N-phenyl-N-heteroaralkyl aminoalcohols.

Abstract: The invention relates to substituted aryl and heteroaryl (R)-Chiral Halogenated 1-Substitutedamino-(n+1)-Alkanol compounds useful as inhibitors of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP; plasma lipid transfer protein-I) and compounds, compositions and methods for treating atherosclerosis and other coronary artery diseases. Novel high yield, stereoselective processes for the preparation of the chiral substituted alkanol compounds from chiral and achiral intermediates are described. Preferred (R)-Chiral 1-Substitutedamino-(n+1)-Alkanol compounds are substituted (R)-Chiral heteroaryl aminoalcohols.

Abstract: The invention provides novel &bgr;2 adrenergic receptor agonist compounds of formula (I): wherein R1-R13 and w have any of the values described in the specification. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, methods of using such compounds to treat diseases associated with &bgr;2 adrenergic receptor activity, and processes and intermediates useful for preparing such compounds.

Abstract: Described is a process for the preparation of a compound of the formula 1

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds with the formula (I) and also to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, to processes for their preparation, as well as to the use of the compounds in medicine and for the preparation of a medicament which acts on the human 11-&bgr;-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 enzyme.

Abstract: This invention relates to the new epothilone derivatives of general formula I, 1

Abstract: The invention relates to substituted polycyclic aryl and heteroaryl tertiary-heteroalkylamine compounds useful as inhibitors of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP; plasma lipid transfer protein-I) and compounds, compositions and methods for treating atherosclerosis and other coronary artery diseases. Preferred tertiary-heteroalkylamine compounds are substituted N-heteroaryl-N-phenyl aminoalcohols.

Abstract: Substituted 4-phenyl-2-aminothiazole derivatives, processes for preparing the same, and the use thereof as corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) antagonists.

Abstract: Prostaglandin agonists, methods of using such prostaglandin agonists, pharmaceutical compositions containing such prostaglandin agonists and kits containing such prostaglandin agonists. The prostaglandin agonists are useful for the treatment of bone disorders including osteoporosis.

Abstract: The invention relates to epothilone analog represented by formula (I) wherein (i) R2 is absent or oxygen; “a” can be either a single or double bond; “b” can be either absent or a single bond; and “c” can be either absent or a single bond, with the proviso that if R2 is oxygen then “b” and “c” are both a single bond and “a” is a single bond; if R2 is absent then “b” and “c” are absent and “a” is a double bond; and if “a” is a double bond, then R2, “b” and “c” are absent; R3 is a radical selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; lower alkyl; —CH═CH2; —C≡CH; —CH2F; —CH2Cl; —CH2—OH; —CH2—O—(C1-C6-alkyl); and —CH2—S—(C1-C6-alkyl); R4 and R5 are independently selected from hydrogen, methyl or a protecting group; and R1 is as defined in the specification, or a salt of a compound of formu

Abstract: The present invention relates to a class of 2-aminothiazoline derivatives of formula I: 1

Abstract: Disclosed are novel coumarin based fluorogenic compounds useful in assaying for biological activity. Specifically, these fluorogenic compounds exhibit fluorescence at particular wavelengths when cleaved by target enzymes. Preferred compounds include sugar and peptide derivatives of umbelliferone derivatives bearing a heterocyclic five membered ring at the 3-position. These compounds can be used for rapidly detecting food pathogens and for determining sterilization effectiveness. The compounds may also be used in a form bounded to a polymeric support or to a biomolecule or macromolecule.

Abstract: The invention relates to substituted polycyclic aryl and heteroaryl tertiary-heteroalkylamine compounds useful as inhibitors of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP; plasma lipid transfer protein-I) and compounds, compositions and methods for treating atherosclerosis and other coronary artery diseases. Preferred tertiary-heteroalkylamine compounds are substituted N-phenyl-N-heteroaralkyl aminoalcohols.

Abstract: The current invention discloses useful pharmaceutical compositions containing amidino derivative useful as nitric oxide synthase inhibitors.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula 1 1

Abstract: Compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and compositions thereof of the general formula: wherein Ar is aryl and heteroaryl; R1, R2, R3, and R4 are hydrido, alkyl, cyano, heteroaryl, hydroxy, amino, acylamino, halo, alkoxy, aryloxy, carboxyamido, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, acyl, acyloxy, carboalkoxy, carboxy, thio, sulfinyl, sulfonyl and sulfoxy, R5, R6, R7, and R8 are hydrido and lower alkyl; and Het is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing, as active principle, a 4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-ylamine derivative of formula (I): 1

Abstract: A compound of formula I in which: ring A is one of the five alternative multi-cyclic rings as shown wherein a dotted line adjacent to a bond indicates that a single bond or a double bond may be present at that position; X is nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur; R is hydrogen, lower straight or branched chain alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or lower straight or branched chain alkenyl of 2 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic ring of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl optionally mono- or di-substituted with hydroxy, halogen, alkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms or alkoxy of 1 to 2 carbon atoms, or methylenedioxyphenyl; or a stereoisomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. These compounds have &agr;2 receptor blocking activity and hence find use in the treatment or palliation of elevated intraocular pressure, non insulin-dependent diabetes, male impotence and obesity.

Abstract: The invention relates to an acylated peptide, namely a compound of formula (I), wherein n is 0 to 15, X is oxalyl PTI is the bivalent radical of tyrosine or (preferably) the bivalent radical of phosphotyrosine or a phosphotyrosine mimetic, AA stands for a bivalent radical of a natural or unnatural amino acid, and Y is secondary amino group, or a salt thereof, said compound being useful for the treatment of diseases that respond to inhibition of the interaction of (a) protein(s) comprising (an) SH2 domain(s) and a protein tyrosine kinase or a modified version thereof.

Abstract: A triazole compound having the formula: wherein Ar1 represents a phenyl group which may be substituted, Ar2 represents a heterocyclic group which may be substituted, R0 represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl; R1 represents a lower alkyl; R2 to R5 each represent a hydrogen atom or an unsubstituted or halo substituted alkyl; n represents 0 to 2; p represents 0 or 1; q, r and s each represent 0 to 2; A represents a 4- to 7-membered carbon ring or a 4- to 7-membered heterocyclic group. The compound of the present invention exhibits an excellent antifungal activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to intermediate thiazole compounds and a process for preparing 2-chloro-5-chloromethylthiazole which is a known compound useful for the preparation of insecticides.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula I including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof in the form of individual enantiomers, racemates, or other mixtures of enantiomers, in which Ar is phenyl, naphthyl or benzo[b]thiophenyl, each of which may be optionally substituted; R1 and R2, which may be the same or different, independently are a) H, b) an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, c) an alkenyl group containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms, d) a cycloalkyl group containing 3 to 7 carbon atoms, e) a cycloalkylmethyl group in which the ring contains 3 to 7 carbon atoms, f) an aryl or heteroaryl group optionally substituted g) an arylalkyl or heteroarylalkyl group each optionally substituted; or R1 and R2 form an alkylene chain optionally substituted by one or more alkyl groups each containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, such that, together with the atoms to which they are attached, they form a 5 or 6 membered ring; R3 is a) H, b) an aryl or heteroaryl group each optionally substituted c) an optionally

Abstract: Thiazolimine derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## where: X and Y independently of one another are each hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -haloalkyl;Z is hydrogen; C.sub.l -C.sub.8 -alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 -alkenyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 -alkynyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkylthio, it being possible for these groups to be substituted by one to five halogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy; aryl, hetaryl, benzyl, it being possible for these groups to be substituted by C.sub.l -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, C.sub.l -C.sub.4 -haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro or cyano; or one of the groups below: ##STR2## R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each hydrogen, halogen; C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkenyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkynyl, it being possible for these groups to be substituted by one to five halogens or by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy;n is 1 or 2;m is 0, 1 or 2R.sup.3 -R.sup.

Abstract: Dyes of the formulaQ-X=HetwhereX is nitrogen or CH,Q is a 5- or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic radical and Het is a radical of the formula ##STR1## where Y is oxygen, sulfur, imino, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylimino, substituted or unsubstituted phenylimino or the radical of an acidic-CH compound, A is oxygen or a radical of the formula C--U, where U is as defined in the description part, and E --is oxygen, sulfur, selenium, imino, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylimino or substituted or unsubstituted phenylimino,are useful for thermal transfer and for dyeing or printing synthetic materials.

Abstract: One pot synthesis of 1,2,4-triazoles uses thioimidate intermediate and 1,2-dichloroethane solvent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to thiazole containing compounds capable of inhibiting protein tyrosine phosphatase activity. The invention further relates to the use of such compounds to modulate or regulate signal transduction by inhibiting protein tyrosine phosphatase activity. Finally, the invention relates to the use of such compounds to treat various disease states including diabetes mellitus.

Abstract: The present invention concerns novel compounds represented by the Formula: ##STR1## wherein: A is R.sup.1.sub.q (R.sup.3 R.sup.60 N).sub.m (Z)(NR.sup.2).sub.n ; m and q are each 0 or 1, with the proviso that when q is 1, m is 0 and when q is 0, m is 1; Z is C.dbd.O or SO.sub.2 ; n is 1 with the proviso that, when Z is C.dbd.O, m is 1; X is --NH--, --CH.sub.2 --, or --OCH.sub.2 --; Y is [2-imidazoline, 2-oxazolin] 2-thiazoline, [or 4-imidazole] R.sup.1 is H, lower alkyl, or phenyl, with the proviso that, when R.sup.1 is H, m is 1; R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.60 are each independently H, lower alkyl, or phenyl; R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, and R.sup.7 are each independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, --CF.sub.3, lower alkoxy, halogen, phenyl, lower alkeny, hydroxyl, lower alkylsulfonamido, or lower cycloalkyl, wherein R.sup.2 and R.sup.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods for inhibiting herpes replication and for treating herpes infection in a mammal by inhibiting the herpes helicase-primase enzyme complex. This invention also relates to thiazolyphenyl derivatives that inhibit the herpes helicase-primase and to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the thiazolylphenyl derivatives, to methods of using and methods of producing the thiazolylphenyl derivatives.

Abstract: This invention provides compounds of formula (I):A.sup.1 --X--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --O--A.sup.2 --A.sup.3 --Y.R.sup.2(I)or a tautomeric form thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate thereof, wherein A.sup.1, A.sup.2, A.sup.3, R.sup.2, X, Y and n are as defined herein; pharmaceutical composition comprising such compounds and the use of such a compounds for treating hyperglycemia.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for inhibiting and reversing nonenzymatic cross-linking (protein aging). Accordingly, compositions are disclosed which comprise an agent capable of inhibiting the formation of advanced glycosylation endproducts of target proteins, and which additionally reverse pre-formed crosslinks in the advanced glycosylation endproducts by cleaving alpha-dicarbonyl-based protein crosslinks present in the advanced glycosylation endproducts. Certain agents useful are thiazolium salts. The method comprises contacting the target protein with the composition. Both industrial and therapeutic applications for the invention are envisioned, as food spoilage and animal protein aging can be treated. A novel immunoassay for detection of the reversal of the nonenzymatic crosslinking is also disclosed.

Abstract: A compound having the structure: ##STR1## wherein (a) n is from about 1 to about 3;(b) X is selected from the group consisting of O, S, SO, or SO.sub.2 ;(c) Y is independently hydrogen or straight, branched or cyclic alkyl having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, or the Y's are bonded together to form an alkanyl ring having from about 3 to about 7 atoms;(d) Z is hydrogen or straight, branched or cyclic alkyl having from 3 to about 10 atoms other than hydrogen; and(e) Het is a heteroaryl group comprising one or more rings each ring containing from about 5 to about 6 atoms other than hydrogen and wherein the group contains at least one heteroatom selected from O, N, or S.pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, and methods of treating inflammation or pain using such compounds.

Abstract: A compound having the structure: ##STR1## wherein (a) n is from about 1 to about 3;(b) X is selected from the group consisting of O, S, SO, or SO.sub.2 ;(c) Y is independently hydrogen or straight, branched or cyclic alkyl having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, or the Y's are bonded together to form an alkanyl ring having from about 3 to about 7 atoms;(d) Z is hydrogen or straight, branched or cyclic alkyl having from 3 to about 10 atoms other than hydrogen; and(e) Het is a heteroaryl group comprising one or more rings each ring containing from about 5 to about 6 atoms other than hydrogen and wherein the group contains at least one heteroatom selected from O, N, or S.Pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, and methods of treating inflammation or pair using such compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel heterocyclic imino derivatives, several processes for their preparation and their use for controlling pests.

Abstract: This invention relates to certain novel compounds and derivatives thereof, their synthesis, and their use as vitronectin receptor antagonists. The vitronectin receptor antagonist compounds of the present invention are .alpha.v.beta.3 antagonists, .alpha.v.beta.5 antagonists or dual .alpha.v.beta.3/.alpha.v.beta.5 antagonists useful for inhibiting bone resorption, treating and preventing osteoporosis, and inhibiting restenosis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, inflammation and tumor growth.

Abstract: The present invention includes novel (7R)-7-(acylamino)-3-(arylthio)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acids or their pharmacologically acceptable salts which exhibit antibiotic activity against a wide spectrum of organisms including organisms which are resistant to .beta.-lactam antibiotics and are useful as antibacterial agents. The invention also relates to novel intermediates useful for making the novel compounde of the present invention and to novel methods for producing the novel compounds and intermediate compounds.

Abstract: N-?4-(cyanoethylthiomethyl)-2-thiazolyl!guanidine--a key intermediate for preparing the pharmaceutical, famotidine--is produced by mixing in a liquid medium formed from a chemically indifferent organic solvent and water, and under an inert atmosphere, (i) a 2-guanidino-4-halomethylthiazole or a hydrohalide complex thereof, (ii) an S-(2-cyanoethyl)isothiourea or a hydrohalide complex thereof, and (iii) a strong alkali metal base. In lieu of (ii), an alkali metal salt of 2-cyanoethyl-1-thiol can be used, and in such case use of (iii) is optional, but preferable.

Abstract: N-?4-(Cyanoethylthiomethyl)-2-thiazolyl!guanidine, is prepared by (a) mixing 1,3-dihaloacetone and 2-imino-4-thiobiuret in a suitable polar organic solvent at initial temperatures of about -10.degree. to about 25.degree. C., and agitating the mixture at about -10.degree. to about 60.degree. C. for at least about 1 hour; (b) heating the resultant mixture at about 40.degree. to about 60.degree. C. for at least about 0.5 hour; (c) mixing with the mixture from (b), thiourea and then water at about 40.degree. to about 60.degree. C. for a period of at least about 1 hour; (d) removing liquid polar solvent from the mixture of (c); and (e) mixing with the mixture from (d), 3-halopropionitrile and water-soluble alcohol, ether, or ether-alcohol, followed by aqueous alkali metal hydroxide while maintaining the temperature at below about 20.degree. C., to form N-?4-(cyanoethylthiomethyl)-2-thiazolyl!guanidine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for inhibiting and reversing nonenzymatic cross-linking (protein aging). Accordingly, compositions are disclosed which comprise an agent capable of inhibiting the formation of advanced glycosylation endproducts of target proteins, and which additionally reverse pre-formed crosslinks in the advanced glycosylation endproducts by cleaving alpha-dicarbonyl-based protein crosslinks present in the advanced glycosylation endproducts. Certain agents useful are thiazolium salts. The method comprises contacting the target protein with the composition. Both industrial and therapeutic applications for the invention are envisioned, as food spoilage and animal protein aging can be treated. A novel immunoassay for detection of the reversal of the nonenzymatic crosslinking is also disclosed.

Abstract: A first embodiment of the invention relates to novel carbapenem compounds, (1R, 5S, 6S)-2-?1-(1,3-thiazolin-2-yl)azetidin-3-yl!thio-6-?(R)-1-hydroxy-ethyl!-1- methylcarbapen-2-em-3-carboxyic acid derivatives. These carbapenem compounds are represented by the following formula having a beta-coordinated methyl group introduced at the 1-position and a ?1-(1,3-thia-zolin-2-yl)azetidin-3-yl!thio group introduced at the 2-position. ##STR1## In the formula, R is hydrogen; lower alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxy, lower alkoxy or lower alkoxy-lower alkoxy group; group --COOR.sup.1 (R.sup.1 is hydrogen or lower alkyl group); or group --CONR.sup.2 R.sup.3 (R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are, independently each other, hydrogen or lower alkyl), and Y is carboxy, --COO.sup..crclbar. or protected carboxy. These compounds are useful antibiotics for prevention and treatment of bacterial infections.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel near-infrared absorbing dye of formula: ##STR1## wherein X.sup.1, x.sup.2 independently represents --CR.sup.8 R.sup.9 --, --S--, --Se--, --NR.sup.10 --, --CH.dbd.CH-- or --O--;n is an integer of 2 or 3;R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently represent alkyl of 1 to 10 carbons or substituted alkyl of 1 to 10 carbons;R.sup.3 represents a ring chosen from a set consisting of aryl, substituted aryl, and a heterocyclic ring of a type present in photographic emulsions;R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 independently represent hydrogen, alkyl of 1-10 carbons, substituted alkyl of 1-10 carbons, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 taken together or R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 taken together can represent atoms necessary to form a 5 or 6-membered aliphatic ring, an aromatic six-membered ring, an aromatic 10-membered ring, a substituted aromatic six-member ring or a substituted aromatic 10-member ring;R.sup.8, R.sup.

Abstract: Phenol derivatives of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, X, Y and Z have the meanings stated in the description, are used in particular in nonlinear optics.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for inhibiting and reversing nonenzymatic cross-linking (protein aging). Accordingly, a composition is disclosed which comprises a thiazolium compound capable of inhibiting, and to some extent reversing, the formation of advanced glycosylation endproducts of target proteins by reacting with the carbonyl moiety of the early glycosylation product of such target proteins formed by their initial glycosylation. The method comprises contacting the target protein with the composition. Both industrial and therapeutic applications for the invention are envisioned, as food spoilage and animal protein aging can be treated. A novel immunoassay for detection of the reversal of the nonenzymatic crosslinking is also disclosed.