Abstract: Dioxetanes that can be triggered by bases are provided which can be used to detect bases in organic solvents, aqueous preparations and detect gaseous bases in the atmosphere. The dioxetanes can be used to detect the release of bases from various labels, as a means to detect the presence of a base released by physical or natural processes, to calibrate light measuring apparatus and to determine the amount of reducing or oxidizing agent present in the base.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of Formula I that inhibit matrix metalloproteinases and to a method of inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases using the compounds ##STR1## More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of treating diseases in which matrix metalloproteinases are involved such as multiple sclerosis, atherosclerotic plaque rupture, restenosis, aortic aneurysm, heart failure, periodontal disease, corneal ulceration, burns, decubital ulcers, chronic ulcers or wounds, cancer metastasis, tumor angiogenesis, osteoporosis, rheumatoid or osteoarthritis, renal disease, left ventricular dilatation, or other autoimmune or inflammatory diseases dependent upon tissue invasion by leukocytes.

Abstract: The present invention provide phenoxathiin compounds useful in the prophylaxis and treatment of mental disorders, such as depression. The present invention also provides a method for treating a mammal having depression, anxiety or other conditions responsive to inhibition of MAO-A. A method of preparing the compounds of the present invention is also provided.

Abstract: This invention provides cancer-active tricyclic and tetracyclic oxypyrones and a method of synthesizing these compounds. Preferred compounds have aryl groups at the 3-position of the oxypyrone ring. The tricyclic oxyprone synthetic method is a simple condensation reaction of pyrones with cyclohexenecarboxaldehydes, providing high yields and using few steps. The tetracyclic oxypyrone synthetic method is a simple condensation reaction of carvones with pyrones.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula I, and their N-oxides and agriculturally suitable salts, are disclosed which are useful for controlling undesired vegetation ##STR1## wherein Q, X, A, B, R.sup.1 through R.sup.3, m, p, q, r, and s are as defined in the disclosure.Also disclosed are compositions containing the compounds of Formula I and a method for controlling undesired vegetation which involves contacting the vegetation or its environment with an effective amount of a compound of Formula I.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which the general symbols are as defined in claim 1, as stabilizers for organic materials against thermal, oxidative or light-induced degradation are described.

Abstract: Dithiocarboxylates, and in particular, dithiocarbamates, block the induced expression of the endothelial cell surface adhesion molecule VCAM-1, and are therefor useful in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis, post-angioplasty restenosis, coronary artery diseases, and angina, as well as noncardiovascular inflammatory diseases that are mediated by VCAM-1.

Abstract: Novel benzothioxepanone and benzothioxepane thione compounds are characterized by the formula ##STR1## wherein Z is: ##STR2## R is Cl, Br, F, C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl, or C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkoxy; X and Y are each hydrogen, or taken together form a fused cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl ring, with the proviso that when Z is ?1!, X and Y represent a fused cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl ring; and n is 0, 1, or 2. The compounds are useful as co-catalysts in the para-directed nuclear chlorination of toluene.

Abstract: There are described compounds of the formula ##STR1## Wherein the variables have been defined herein. The compounds are useful as research tools in the determination of biologically active peptides sequences and also potentially suitable as medicaments, some of them being useful in the prevention or control of the formation of blood platelet thrombi, and some compounds are useful as intermediates.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and noncardiovascular inflammatory diseases that are mediated by VCAM-1 is provided that includes the removal, decrease in the concentration of, or prevention of the formation of oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids, or interferes with a complex formed between a polyunsaturated fatty acid or an oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acid and a protein or peptide that mediates the expression of VCAM-1. A method is also provided for suppressing the expression of a redox-sensitive gene or activating a gene that is suppressed through a redox-sensitive pathway, that includes administering an effective amount of a substance that prevents the oxidation of the oxidized signal, and typically, the oxidation of a polyunsaturated fatty acid, or interferes with a complex formed between the oxidized signal and a protein or peptide that mediates the expression of the redox gene.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## where the symbols have the meaning defined in the specification, have retinoid, retinoid antagonist and/or retinoid inverse-agonist-like biological activity.

Abstract: New intramolecular charge-transfer organic dyes are described. The design of these molecules is based on the phenomenon of spiroconjugation, and it provides a modular approach to the preparation of unique materials with interesting optical properties. In the dyes of the invention, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the acceptor part (based on indandione) is spiroconjugated with the highest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the donor part (amines, alcohols and thiols). The interaction between the donor and acceptor is controlled by the energy and symmetry of the frontier orbitals. The novel dyes described herein, with predictable and tunable optical properties, can be used in many optical applications including nonlinear optics (NLO).

Abstract: Cyclic acetals of the formula I ##STR1## where the substituents have the following meanings: R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl or phenyl; additionally R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together are an unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -alkylene chain;Y is oxygen or sulfur;A has the meaning as given in claim 1;a process for preparing the acetals I and their use for the production of crop protection compositions are described.

Abstract: 1-Ethylphenoxathiin 10,10-dioxide (I) ##STR1## inhibits monoamine oxidase-A and is useful in the treatment of disorders such as depression.

Abstract: Onium salt capable of generating acid upon exposure to actinic radiation having the following structure:(R.sub.1).sub.a (R.sub.2).sub.b (R.sub.3).sub.c Q.sup.+ --A--M.sup.+ X.sup.- --B--X'.sup.-where:Q is S;R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently substituted or unsubstituted aromatic, aliphatic, or aralkyl groups having 7-18 carbon atoms;M.sup.+ is a cationic organic radical;A is a divalent radical selected from the group of hindered alkylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or aralkyl groups;B is a divalent aromatic sensitizer which absorbs radiation having a wavelength longer than 300 nm and is capable of transferring an electron to Q,x.sup.- and X'.sup.- are anionic groups; and wherein A provides a spatial separation between Q and M, and B provides a spatial separation between X and X', such that the spatial separation provided by A between Q and M is substantially the same as the spatial separation provided by B between X and X'.

Abstract: Enzymatically cleavable chemiluminescent 1,2-dioxetane compounds capable of producing light energy when decomposed, substantially stable at room temperature before a bond by which an enzymatically cleavable labile substituent thereof is intentionally cleaved, are disclosed. These compounds can be represented by the formula: ##STR1## The corresponding dioxetanes which, instead of being substituted at the 5' or 7', or at the 5' and 7' positions, instead contain a 4' methylene group, are also disclosed, as are intermediates for all these 3-substituted adamant-2'-ylidenedioxetanes, and their use as reporter molecules in assays.

Abstract: Monoalkylated phenoxathins are high-temperature stable lubricant fluids having extreme pressure and antiwear properties, additive solubility and inherent EP/antiwear properties. These novel phenoxathin fluids may also be used as additives in other lubricant fluids and are prepared by alkyating a phenoxathin in the presence of an acidic zeolite catalyst.

Abstract: Process for alkylating protected spectinomycin enone derivatives in the gamma position in order to produce intermediates useful in the synthesis of 6'alkylspectinomycins. The intermediate have the formula ##STR1## which comprises reacting a compound having the formula ##STR2## with a strong base and an alkenyl halide, wherein R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxycarbonyl, halogenated alkoxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, and arylsulfone; R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, trimethylsilyl (TMS), tetrahydropyran (THP), and triethylsilyl (TES); A is selected from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur; M is selected from the group consisting of lithium and potassium; and n is an integer from 1 to 3.

Abstract: An optical probe enables the study of enzyme activity by absorbance spectroscopy or by sensitive fluorescence methods. In particular, the probe provides the ability to monitor the activity of cytochrome P-450.sub.scc enzyme, the rate limiting enzyme for steroid biosynthesis. Located on the inner mitochondrial membrane, P-450.sub.scc catalyzes the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone and isocapraldehyde by sequential oxidations of the cholesterol side chain. The fluorogenic probe includes a cholesterol-like steroid linked to a chromophore through a linking group. The chromophore is selected to have little optical response when linked to the steroid substrate and an enhanced optical response when cleaved from the substrate and linking group. Thus, a fluorescent anion that can be optically detected is generated by the side-chain cleavage reaction during steroidogenesis.

Abstract: A compound having the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein A is --CH.sub.2 --, --O--, or --S--; R.sup.1 is CH.sub.3 or OCH.sub.3 ; R.sup.2 is hydroxy or carboxy which may be optionally esterized or amidated; R.sup.3 is H or a lower alkyl; and n is 0 or an integer of 1 to 6 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: Novel tricyclic compound represented by formula (I): ##STR1## possess a TXA.sub.2 biosynthesis inhibiting activity and/or a TXA.sub.2 receptor antagonizing activity, and are expected to have preventive and therapeutic effects on ischemic diseases, cerebro-vascular diseases, etc.

Abstract: A (perfluoroalkyl)dibenzonium salt represented by the following general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.f represents a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, A represents a sulfur of selenium atom, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, independently from each other, represent a hydrogen atom or a nitro group, X.sup..crclbar. represents a conjugated base of Bronsted acid, and n is 0 or 1.The said compound is useful as a reagent for introducing a perfluoroalkyl group.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel 3-substituted-2-oxindole derivatives which are inhibitors of prostaglandin H.sub.2 synthase, 5-lipoxygenase and interleukin-1 biosynthesis. The compounds of the invention are useful as inhibitors of prostaglandin H.sub.2 synthase and interleukin-1 biosynthesis, per se, and as analgesic, antiinflammatory and antiarthritic agents in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. This invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising said 3-substituted-2-oxindole derivatives; to methods of inhibiting prostaglandin H.sub.2 synthase and biosynthesis of interleukin-1; and to treating chronic inflammatory diseases in a mammal with said compounds. Further, this invention relates to certain novel carboxylic acids useful as intermediates in the preparation of the 3-substituted-2-oxindole derivatives of this invention and to a process for the preparation of the 3-substituted-2-oxindole derivatives.

Abstract: Compounds having the formula I: ##STR1## are inhibitors of the 5-lipoxygenase enzyme. These compounds are useful as anti-asthmatic, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective agents. They are also useful in treating diarrhea, hypertension, angina, platelet aggregation, cerebral spasm, premature labor, spontaneous abortion, dysmenorrhea, and migraine.

Abstract: Bischloroformate oligomer compositions are prepared by passing phosgene into a heterogeneous aqueous-organic mixture containing at least one dihydroxyaromatic compound, with simultaneous introduction of a base at a rate to maintain a specific pH range and to produce a specific volume ratio of aqueous to organic phase. By this method, it is possible to employ a minimum amount of phosgene. The reaction may be conducted batchwise or continuously. The bischloroformate composition may be employed for the preparation of cyclic polycarbonate oligomers or linear polycarbonate, and linear polycarbonate formation may be integrated with bischloroformate composition formation in a batch or continuous process.

Abstract: Optically active oxiranes of the formula ##STR1## in which R represents substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl or represents substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, andR.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 represent hydrogen or alkyl, at least one of the radicals representing alkyl, orR.sup.4 and R.sup.5 together represent alkanediyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted by alkyl, or R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 together with the adjacent carbon atoms represent a fused bicyclic hydrocarbon radical, which is unsubstituted or substituted by alkylare produced by reacting an enantiomerically pure oxathiane ketone of the formula ##STR2## with a sulphonium or sulphoxonium salt.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula: ##STR1## and stereoisomers thereof, wherein X and Y, which may be the same or different, are oxygen or sulphur; A and B, which may be the same or different, are hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted phenoxy, or optionally substituted benzyloxy.The compounds are useful as fungicides and also as plant growth regulators.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which Ar is substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, naphthyl, or thienyl; and Ar.sup.1 is 3-phenoxyphenyl, 4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl, 2-methyl[1-1'-biphenyl]-3-yl, or 6-phenoxy-2-pyridyl, exhibit pyrethroid-like insecticidal and acaricidal activity and are relatively nontoxic to fish.

Abstract: A compound represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R represents a straight chain alkyl group having from 1 to 9 carbon atoms; ##STR2## represents ##STR3## represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom; and ##STR4## has a trans (equatorial-equatorial) configuration, is disclosed. The compound of formula (I) exhibits a nematic phase in the vicinity of room temperature or in a temperature range higher than room temperature and has a small optical anisotropy and a positive dielectric anisotropy and is, therefore, useful in preparing a liquid crystal display cell excellent in viewing-angle characteristics.

Abstract: Aqueous bischloroformates are prepared by the reaction of a dihydroxyaromatic compound (e.g., bisphenol A) with phosgene in a substantially inert organic liquid (e.g., methylene chloride) and in the presence of an aqueous alkali metal or alkaline earth metal base, at a pH below about 8. After all solid dihydroxyaromatic compound has been consumed, the pH is raised to a higher value in the range of about 7-12, preferably 9-11, and maintained in said range until a major proportion of the unreacted phosgene has been hydrolyzed. At the same time, any monochloroformate in the product may be converted to bischloroformate.

Abstract: This invention describes UV-stabilized step growth polymers such as polyesters, polyurethanes, polycarbonates, and combinations thereof. The UV-stabilizing moieties present in these polymers comprise chemically bound, pendant ortho-hydroxydiphenyl ketone based moieties. The polymers are especially useful as protective films and fibers which are highly resistant to ultraviolet (UV) and sunlight degradation.

Abstract: 2,3-Dihydrobenz-4-oxa-1-thiins of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each hydrogen, methyl or methoxy, and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together may furthermore be a fused benzene ring, R.sup.4 is hydrogen or an m-valent aliphatic hydrocarbon radical which may be interrupted by sulfur and /or carry thiol groups as substituents, or is halogen when n is zero, X is --O--, --S-- or --O--CO--, m is 1 or 2 and n is zero or 1, are useful as antioxidants for organic materials.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of 6'-methylspectinomycin and analogs thereof. Additionally provides novel intermediates utilized in said method.

Abstract: Anomers and asteric mixtures of novel analogs of spectinomycin. Additionally provides novel intermediates and process for preparing spectinomycin and analogs thereof.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of 6'-methylspectinomycin and analogs thereof. Additionally provides novel intermediates utilized in said method.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of 6'-methylspectinomycin and analogs thereof. Additionally provides novel intermediates utilized in said method.

Abstract: Anomers and asteric mixtures of novel analogs of spectinomycin. Additionally provides novel intermediates and process for preparing spectinomycin analogs.

Abstract: Anomers and asteric mixtures of novel analogs of spectinomycin. Additionally provides novel intermediates and process for preparing spectinomycin and analogs thereof.

Abstract: Process for preparing intermediates of spectinomycin and analogs thereof. Also provides novel intermediates for making spectinomycin and analogs thereof.

Abstract: Process for preparing intermediates of spectinomycin and analogs thereof. Also provides novel intermediates for making spectinomycin and analogs thereof.

Abstract: Process for preparing intermediates of spectinomycin and analogs thereof. Also provides novel intermediates for making spectinomycin and analogs thereof.

Abstract: Process for preparing intermediates of spectinomycin and analogs thereof. Also provides novel intermediates for making spectinomycin and analogs thereof.

Abstract: Novel dyestuffs containing amino or imino groups and their preparation are provided.These dyestuffs have the general formula ##STR1## wherein R is --N(R.sub.3)CH.sub.2 --Z or --N.dbd.CH--Z, X is N or CR.sub.6 where R.sub.6 is a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl or aryl group, Y is S.sup..sym., O.sup..sym., N or N.sup..sym. R.sub.7 where R.sub.7 is a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl or aryl group, R.sub.1, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together with the nitrogen atom complete a heterocyclic ring, or one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 can be hydrogen and the other of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 can be aryl, Z is a group which comprises both an activating group which contains at least one double bond system and also a ballasting group and R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 each represent optional substituents or form an annelated benzene ring.