Abstract: A polishing composition, comprising a compound having structure I or salts thereof: wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of —O?Mx+ wherein x is selected from the group consisting of 1, 2, and 3, —O—R3 wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, allyl, and phenyl, —N(R3R4) wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of —H, alkyl, allyl, and phenyl, and —S—R3, and wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of —CH2—CO2—CH3, —CO—NH—R5, —CH2—CH(OH)—CH2—OH, —CH2—CH(OH)—CH2—R3, and —CH2-substituted phenyl, wherein R5 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and substituted phenyl.

Abstract: Methods for identifying MarR family inhibiting compounds are described. The methods include the use of computer aided rational based drug design programs and three dimensional structures of MarR family polypeptides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the discovery that certain non-naturally occurring, non-peptide amide compounds and amide derivatives, such as oxalamides, ureas, and acrylamides, are useful flavor or taste modifiers, such as a flavoring or flavoring agents and flavor or taste enhancer, more particularly, savory (the “umami” taste of monosodium glutamate) or sweet taste modifiers, —savory or sweet flavoring agents and savory or sweet flavor enhancers, for food, beverages, and other comestible or orally administered medicinal products or compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to sulphonamide derivatives, whith a urea moiety. The invention also relates to the use of the derivatives as inhibitors of collagen receptor integrins, especially ?2?1 integrin inhibitors e.g. in connection with diseases and medical conditions that involve the action of cells and platelets expressing collagen receptors, their use as a medicament, e.g. for the treatment of thrombosis, inflammation, cancer and vascular diseases, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and a process for preparing them. The sulphonamide derivatives have the general formula (I) or (I?).

Abstract: The invention relates to classes of pharmaceutically-active heterocyclic compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and hydrates thereof, and compositions comprising the same. The invention also relates to methods for treating or preventing a disease or disorder, which comprises administering a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount a compound described herein.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (1) have antibacterial activity: wherein R represents hydrogen or 1, 2 or 3 optional substituents; W is ?C(R1)—; R1 is hydrogen and R2 is hydrogen, methyl, or fluorine; or R1 and R2 taken together are —CH2—, —CH2CH2, —O—, or, in either orientation, —O—CH2— or —OCH2CH2—; and R3 is a radical of formula -(Alk1)m-(Z)p-(Alk2)-Q.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) modulating substituted cyclopentylene compounds represented in formula I and derivatives thereof, to said compounds for use as a medicament, to said compounds for use in therapy, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds, to methods of treating diseases with said compounds, and to the use of said compounds in the manufacture of medicaments.

Abstract: Glucose deprivation is an attractive strategy in cancer research and treatment. Cancer cells upregulate glucose uptake and metabolism for maintaining accelerated growth and proliferation rates. Specifically blocking these processes is likely to provide new insights to the role of glucose transport and metabolism in tumorigenesis, as well as in apoptosis. As solid tumors outgrow the surrounding vasculature, they encounter microenvironments with a limited supply of nutrients leading to a glucose deprived environment in some regions of the tumor. Cancer cells living in the glucose deprived environment undergo changes to prevent glucose deprivation-induced apoptosis. Knowing how cancer cells evade apoptosis induction is also likely to yield valuable information and knowledge of how to overcome the resistance to apoptosis induction in cancer cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of compounds of Formula (I) wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R3, R9, R10, R11, R12 and G have the meanings given above as insecticides and/or acaricides and/or fungicides.

Abstract: The present invention provides diacylhydrazine ligands and chiral diacylhydrazine ligands for use with ecdysone receptor-based inducible gene expression systems. Thus, the present invention is useful for applications such as gene therapy, large scale production of proteins and antibodies, cell-based screening assays, functional genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and regulation of traits in transgenic organisms, where control of gene expression levels is desirable. An advantage of the present invention is that it provides a means to regulate gene expression and to tailor expression levels to suit the user's requirements.

Abstract: The invention relates to sulfonamide compounds and methods for activating PKM2. The compounds and methods are useful in treating or preventing a disease or disorder selected from cancer, cell proliferative disorder, inflammatory disorder, metabolic disorder, and immune system disorder.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the preparation of amorphous silibinin (or its synonyms: silybin or silibin) derived from a milk thistle fruit extract having an increased release rate and improved absorbability or bioavailability, and to the use of amorphous silibinin for the treatment or prevention of liver diseases, preferably for the treatment of viral hepatitis, e.g. hepatitis B or C, in particular in a patient who will undergo or has undergone liver transplantation. Preferably, the amorphous silibinin is adapted for oral administration.

Abstract: The instant invention provides novel benzofuran-4,5-diones and pharmaceutical compositions thereof useful for inhibiting PDF and for treating proliferative and infectious diseases. Compounds may be selective for eukaryotic (e.g., human) PDF or prokaryotic PDF.

Abstract: Disclosed is a compound represented by Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: wherein R1 is 1: a C3-8 cycloalkyl C1-4 alkyl group, 2: a C7-14 aralkyl group, in which the aryl moiety thereof is optionally substituted with the same or different 1 to 3 groups selected from the group consisting of: (a) halogen, (b) C1-4 alkyl, which is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, (c) C1-4 alkoxy, which is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and (d) C1-4 alkylcarbonyl, which is optionally substituted with C1-4 alkoxy, 3: a five- to ten-membered heteroaryl-C1-4 alkyl group, in which the heteroaryl moiety thereof is optionally substituted with the same or different 1 to 3 groups selected from the group consisting of: (a) halogen, and (b) C1-4 alkyl, or 4: a C6-10 aryl C2-6 alkenyl group; and R2 is a cyano group or a nitro group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to non-steroidal ligands for use in nuclear receptor-based inducible gene expression system, and a method to modulate exogenous gene expression in which an ecdysone receptor complex comprising: a DNA binding domain; a ligand binding domain; a transactivation domain; and a ligand is contacted with a DNA construct comprising: the exogenous gene and a response element; wherein the exogenous gene is under the control of the response element and binding of the DNA binding domain to the response element in the presence of the ligand results in activation or suppression of the gene.

Abstract: The present invention discloses ?-diketones, ?-diketones or ?-hydroxyketones or analogs thereof, that activate Wnt/?-catenin signaling and thus treat or prevent diseases related to signal transduction, such as osteoporosis and osteoarthropathy; osteogenesis imperfecta, bone defects, bone fractures, periodontal disease, otosclerosis, wound healing, craniofacial defects, oncolytic bone disease, traumatic brain injuries related to the differentiation and development of the central nervous system, comprising Parkinson's disease, strokes, ischemic cerebral disease, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia; eye diseases such as age related macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema or retinitis pigmentosa and diseases related to differentiation and growth of stem cell, comprising hair loss, hematopoiesis related diseases and tissue regeneration related diseases.

Abstract: Compounds, methods and pharmaceutical compositions for treating viral infections, by administering certain novel semicarbazides, sulfonyl carbazides, ureas and related compounds in therapeutically effective amounts are disclosed. Methods for preparing the compounds and methods of using the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions thereof are also disclosed. In particular, the treatment and prophylaxis of viral infections such as caused by hemorrhagic fever viruses is disclosed, i.e., including but not limited to Arenaviridae (Junin, Machupo, Guanavito, Sabia and Lassa), Filoviridae (ebola and Marburg viruses), Flaviviridae (yellow fever, omsk hemorrhagic fever and Kyasanur Forest disease viruses), and Bunyaviridae (Rift Valley fever).

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds that function as modulators of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) activity; and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds. The present invention provides therapeutic methods involving administering a subject compound, or a subject pharmaceutical composition. The present invention further provides assays for identifying agonists of ALDH2.

Abstract: The compound (I) or a salt thereof has an excellent controlling activity against pests. Then the compound (I) or a salt thereof is useful for an active ingredient of a pesticidal composition.

Abstract: Vanilloid receptor ligand compounds corresponding to formula I: pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, a process for producing such compounds, and methods of using such compounds for treating or inhibiting pain and various other disorders or conditions.

Abstract: The present invention provides dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitors, methods of preparing them, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and methods of treatment, prevention and/or amelioration of diseases or disorders wherein the inhibition of Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase is known to show beneficial effect.

Abstract: The invention relates to 1,2-diamido-ethylene derivatives of the formula (I) wherein R1, R2, R3, and A are as described in the description and their use as medicaments, especially as orexin receptor antagonists.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a novel and excellent agent for treating or preventing dementia, schizophrenia, and the like, based on the serotonin 5-HT5A receptor modulating action. It was confirmed that a bicyclic acylguanidine derivative which has a characteristic structure that guanidine is bonded to one ring of a bicyclic structure such as chromene and dihydronaphthalene through a carbonyl group and a cyclic group is bonded on the other ring, has a potent 5-HT5A receptor modulating action and an excellent pharmacological action based on this mechanism. The present invention is useful as an excellent agent for treating or preventing dementia, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of a silibinin component for the production of a medicament that is adapted for parenteral administration for the treatment of viral hepatitis, preferably of hepatitis B or C, in particular for the reduction of the virus load.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new amine compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the definitions of X, R1, R2 and n are given in the description, to a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound as active ingredient, and to use of the amine compound or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt for the manufacture of an anti-depressent drug.

Abstract: The chroman compounds of the formula I according to the invention R1-(A1-Z1)a—W1—(Z2-A2)b-Z3—W2—(Z4-A3)c-R2 in which R1, A1, A2, A3, W1, W2, Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, a, b and c have the meanings indicated in claim 1, have two moieties W1 and W2 derived from chroman. The compounds are suitable as components of anisotropic switching media, as used, for example, in liquid-crystal display devices.

Abstract: Methods of treating or suppressing oxidative stress diseases including mitochondrial diseases, impaired energy processing disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and diseases of aging are disclosed, as well as compounds useful in the methods of the invention, such as 2-substituted-p-quinone derivatives as disclosed herein.

Abstract: The present invention discloses novel compounds of Formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which have glucagon receptor antagonist or inverse agonist activity, as well as methods for preparing such compounds. In another embodiment, the invention discloses pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds of Formula I as well as methods of using them to treat diabetic and other glucagon related metabolic disorders, and the like.

Abstract: A compound represented by formula (I?): (wherein m, n, and p each represent 0 to 2; q represents 0 or 1; R1 represents halogen, a hydrocarbon group, a heterocyclic group, an alkoxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, a sulfamoyl group, a CN group, an NO2 group, or the like; R2 represents halogen, amino, a hydrocarbon group, an aromatic heterocyclic group, or an oxo group; X1 represents O, —NR3—, or —S(O)r-; X2 represents a methylene group, O, —NR3—, or —S(O)r-; Q? represents a heteroaryl group, a heteroarylalkyl group, a substituted aryl group, or an aralkyl group; Cycle moiety represents an aryl ring or a heteroaryl ring; and the wavy line represents an E-isomer or a Z-isomer), a salt of the compound, or a solvate of the compound or the salt. A pharmaceutical composition and a transient receptor potential type I (TRPV1) receptor antagonist each contain, as an active ingredient, at least one of the compound, a salt of the compound, and a solvate of the compound or the salt.

Abstract: A series of novel compounds showing anticonvulsant activity is described. Such pharmaceutically active compounds may also show utility in the treatment of other central nervous system (“CNS”) diseases and disorders, such as anxiety, depression, insomnia, migraine headaches, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, spasticity, Alzheimer's disease, and bipolar disorder. Furthermore, such compounds may additionally find utility as analgesics (e.g., for the treatment of chronic or neuropathic pain) and as neuroprotective agents useful in the treatment of stroke(s), chronic neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease), and/or traumatic brain and/or spinal cord injuries. Moreover, these/such compounds may also be useful in the treatment of status epilepticus and/or as chemical countermeasures.

Abstract: A series of novel compounds showing anticonvulsant, chemical countermeasure(s), and analgesic activities is described. Such pharmaceutically active compounds may also show utility in the treatment of other central nervous system (“CNS”) diseases and disorders, such as anxiety, depression, insomnia, migraine headaches, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, spasticity, Alzheimer's disease, and bipolar disorder. Furthermore, such compounds may additionally find utility as analgesics (e.g., for the treatment of chronic or neuropathic pain) and as neuroprotective agents useful in the treatment of stroke(s), chronic neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease), and/or traumatic brain and/or spinal cord injuries. Moreover, these/such compounds may also be useful in the treatment of status epilepticus and/or as chemical countermeasures.

Abstract: Methods for identifying MarR family inhibiting compounds are described. The methods include the use of computer aided rational based drug design programs and three dimensional structures of MarR family polypeptides.

Abstract: The invention relates to the inhibition of histone deacetylase. The invention provides compounds and methods for inhibiting histone deacetylase enzymatic activity. The invention also provides compositions and methods for treating cell proliferative diseases and conditions.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I in which the substituents have the meaning given in the description, processes for preparing these compounds, compositions comprising them and their use for controlling harmful fungi.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel hydroxyethylamino sulfonamides, their derivatives, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. This invention also provides compositions comprising a compound of this invention and the use of such compositions in methods of treating diseases and conditions that are beneficially treated by administering a compound with the ability to act as an HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) protease inhibitor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the extraction of plant ingredients, which comprises a) comminuting plant material b) adding a solvent to the comminuted plant material c) subjecting the mixture of comminuted plant material and solvent to an ultrahigh temperature treatment at 95-150° C. over a period of 5-300 seconds.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention relate to substituted aryl propylamino-oxy-analogs and uses thereof. Aspects of the invention relate to compositions that are inhibitors of ?-secretase and uses thereof for treating subjects having, or at risk of developing, Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract: This invention is directed to selenophene compounds, selenophene-based polymers (polyselenophene), processes for the preparation of the same and uses thereof. The polyselenophenes of this invention have high conductivity and can be used as electrodes in various devices such as in electrochromic devices, batteries, solar cells, optical amplifiers, organic light emitting diodes, and the like.

Abstract: The present invention provides new compounds of formula I, wherein Q, R1, R2, R4, R5, R6, Xi, R7, R8, M and G1n are defined as in formula I; invention compounds are modulators of follicle-stimulating hormone—(“FSH”) which are useful for male and female contraception as well as other disorders modulated by FSH receptor.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds of the formula (I): as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein the substituents are as those disclosed in the specification.

Abstract: Processes and intermediates are provided for the preparation of substituted aminomethyl 2,3,8,9-tetrahydiO-7H-1,4-dioxino[2.3-e]indo]-8-ones of the Formula (A) wherein the variables n, R and R3 are as described herein. Such compounds are useful, for example, as dopamine receptor agonists.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel class of N-hydroxy-naphthalene dicarboxamide and N-hydroxy-biphenyl-dicarboxamide derivatives. The N-hydroxy-naphthalene dicarboxamide and N-hydroxy-biphenyl-dicarboxamide compounds can be used to treat cancer. The N-hydroxy-naphthalene dicarboxamide and N-hydroxy-biphenyl-dicarboxamide compounds can also inhibit histone deacetylase and are suitable for use in selectively inducing terminal differentiation, and arresting cell growth and/or apoptosis of neoplastic cells, thereby inhibiting proliferation of such cells. Thus, the compounds of the present invention are useful in treating a patient having a tumor characterized by proliferation of neoplastic cells. The compounds of the invention may also be useful in the prevention and treatment of TRX-mediated diseases, such as autoimmune, allergic and inflammatory diseases, and in the prevention and/or treatment of diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), such as neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract: By using a charge-transporting thin film which is made of charge-transporting varnish containing, as an electron-acceptor material, a 1,4-benzodioxane sulfonic acid compound represented by the formula (1) below especially in an OLED device or a PLED device, there can be realized excellent EL device characteristics such as low driving voltage, high luminous efficiency and long life.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel class of modified malonate derivatives. The modified malonate compounds can be used to treat cancer. The modified malonate compounds can also inhibit histone deacetylase and are suitable for use in selectively inducing terminal differentiation, and arresting cell growth and/or apoptosis of neoplastic cells, thereby inhibiting proliferation of such cells. Thus, the compounds of the present invention are useful in treating a patient having a tumor characterized by proliferation of neoplastic cells. The compounds of the invention may also be useful in the prevention and treatment of TRX-mediated diseases, such as autoimmune, allergic and inflammatory diseases, and in the prevention and/or treatment of diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), such as neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds having polybasic functionalities. The compounds inhibit bacterial efflux pump inhibitors and are used in combination with an anti-bacterial agent to treat or prevent bacterial infections. These combinations can be effective against bacterial infections that have developed resistance to anti-bacterial agents through an efflux pump mechanism.

Abstract: The invention is directed to compounds and methods for treating protein folder disorders. In certain embodiments the invention provides compounds and methods for treating neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, tauopathy, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, Lewy body disease, dementia, Huntington's disease and prion-based spongiform encelopathy. The invention further provides compounds, methods and pharmaceutical compositions for inhibiting tau protein, A? protein or ?-synuclein protein aggregation.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for preparing compounds having activity as dopamine autoreceptor agonists and partial agonists at the postsynaptic dopamine D2 receptor. These compounds are useful for treating dopaminergic disorders, such as schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, Parkinson's disease, Tourette's syndrome, hyperprolactinemia, and drug addiction.

Abstract: Compounds are disclosed that have a formula represented by the following: Formula (I). The compounds may be prepared as pharmaceutical compositions, and may be used for the prevention and treatment of a variety of conditions in mammals including humans, including by way of non-limiting example, pain, inflammation, traumatic injury, and others.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the preparation of benzo-fused heteroaryl sulfamates, useful for the treatment of epilepsy and related disorders.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to processes for the preparation of benzo-fused heteroaryl derivatives, useful for the treatment of epilepsy and related disorders. The present invention is further directed to processes for the preparation of intermediates in the synthesis of the benzo-fused heteroaryl derivatives.