Abstract: A fuel for an internal combustion engine includes a C5 to C30 dialkoxyalkanoate corresponding to formula (I): wherein the R1 group is —H or a —CH3 group, the R2 and R2? groups are alkyl groups independently selected to have 1 to 9 carbon atoms; and the R3 group is selected to have 1 to 9 carbon atoms. The compounds described herein may be used as neat fuels or mixed fuels (with diesel, biodiesel, jet fuel, marine fuel or other fuel compounds) in autoignition or spark ignition engines, such as diesel engines, gasoline (spark ignition) engines, MCCI, Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engines, or more generally in Low-Temperature Gasoline Combustion (LTGC) engines (using gasoline-like fuels), that have the high-efficiency advantages of HCCI but can operate with some level of charge inhomogeneities. Methods of making these compounds are environmentally friendly and can be done in a continuous manner.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compound of general formula (I) (in configuration Z or E) and to pro-pheromonal compositions and formulations comprising said compound, in addition to the uses thereof for soothing purposes for non-human mammals such as sheep, pigs, sheep, cattle, felines, equines and canines.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing sordidin, comprising a step of preparing 4-(2-ethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)pentan-2-one by means of a reaction in which 2-ethyl-2-(pent-4-en-2-yl)-1,3-dioxolane is oxidized in the presence of a catalyst chosen from the group comprising organometallic complexes of transition metals.

Abstract: To provide an industrial method for producing a substituted benzoic acid compound useful as an intermediate of pharmaceutical and agricultural chemicals with high purity and high yield.

Abstract: A method for producing a product that comprises glycerol ketal of ethyl levulinate or propylene glycol ketal of ethyl levulinate comprises reacting either glycerol or propylene glycol with ethyl levulinate in the presence of a homogenous or heterogeneous catalyst system in a reactor system. The ethyl levulinate and either glycerol or propylene glycol are heated to remove water, polyol, and excess ethyl levulinate. The excess ethyl levulinate and polyol is recycled back to the reactor. The product is distilled in a specific fashion and optionally treated by means of a stabilizing agent or acid species removal bed, to obtain a composition comprising glycerol ketal of ethyl levulinate or propylene glycol ketal of ethyl levulinate wherein the composition comprises less than or equal to about 2 wt % contaminants.

Abstract: A dioxolane derivative represented by formula (G1) is provided. The explanation of the substituents is given in the specification. The use of the dioxolane derivative enables the production of a liquid crystal composition and a liquid crystal display device including the liquid crystal composition.

Abstract: Compounds having a structure of Formula I: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, stereoisomer or deuterated analogue thereof, wherein X, R, R1, R2, R3, R4, M1, M2, L1, L2, J1, J2, a1, a2, b1 and b2 are as defined herein, are provided. Uses of such compounds for treatment of various indications, including prostate cancer as well as methods of treatment involving such compounds are also provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the preparation of ketal compounds from glycerol and levulinic acid and esters, and uses thereof, in particular the manufacture of polyurethanes.

Abstract: There is provided a compound which is (a) a pyrimidine sulfonamide of formula (I) or (b) a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, crystalline forms of the compound, processes for obtaining the compound, pharmaceutical intermediates used in the manufacture of the compound, and pharmaceutical compositions containing the compound. The compound is useful in the treatment of a disease/condition in which modulation of chemokine receptor activity is beneficial.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and pharmaceutical compositions for immunosuppression by using the fatty acid derivative represented by formula (I). The present invention further relates to methods and pharmaceutical compositions for treating inflammatory diseases, allergic diseases and autoimmune diseases by using said fatty acid derivative.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the preparation of acrylate, alkacrylate, allyl, and polycarbonate derivatives of hydroxy ketal esters, and uses thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed are a novel resorcyclic acid lactone compound with inhibitory activity against protein kinases, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a method for the synthesis thereof, and a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment and prevention of various cancer diseases comprising the same as an active ingredient. The novel resorcyclic acid lactone compound is useful as a therapeutic for cancer diseases, especially blood cancer, inter alia, acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to compound of formula (1): wherein R1 is a C7-18 alkyl, R2 is hydrogen or a C1-3 alkyl, each R3, R4, R5, R6, and R7 is independently hydrogen or a C1-6 alkyl, a is 2-3, and b is 0-1, its method of preparation and uses thereof in water-borne coating compositions, cleaning compositions, fragrance, and personal care compositions.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to methods for the synthesis of catalysts, including epoxidation catalysts, and related compounds and catalyst compositions. Embodiments described herein may provide efficient processes for providing catalysts (e.g., epoxidation catalysts) in large quantities and using simplified methods.

Abstract: In the presence invention, a (2R)-2-fluoro-2-C-methyl-D-ribono-?-lactone precursor is produced in the form of a ring-opened fluorinated compound by reaction of a 1,2-diol with sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2) in the presence of an organic base and, optionally, a fluoride ion source. The production method of the present invention secures less number of process steps as compared to the conventional production method (shortening of three steps: cyclic sulfurous esterification, oxidation and ring-opening fluorination to one step) and satisfies the requirements for industrial production (high yield and high reproductivity). The thus-obtained (2R)-2-fluoro-2-C-methyl-D-ribono-?-lactone precursor is useful as an important intermediate for the synthesis of 2?-deoxy-2?-fluoro-2?-C-methylcytidine with antivirus activity.

Abstract: The present invention provides therapeutically active compounds and compositions as NMDA and MC receptor antagonists, which are useful in treating central nervous system disorders by over-activation of NMDA and/or MC receptors. In one aspect, the present invention provides methods of enhancing brain's cognitive function and reducing neuronal cell death in mammals and humans.

Abstract: The present invention provides (i) processes for preparing a 2?-deoxy-2?-fluoro-2?-methyl-D-ribonolactone derivatives, (ii) conversion of intermediate lactones to nucleosides with potent anti-HCV activity, and their analogues, and (iii) methods to prepare the anti-HCV nucleosides containing the 2?-deoxy-2?-fluoro-2?-C-methyl-?-D-ribofuranosyl nucleosides from a preformed, preferably naturally-occurring, nucleoside.

Abstract: The invention described herein pertains to processes and compounds useful in the preparation of bis-tetrahydrofurans. The invention described herein also pertains to compounds useful for treating HIV infections.

Abstract: The reaction of alcohols with oxocarboxylates to form acetals or ketals is catalyzed by unexpectedly low levels of protic acids. By employing low acid catalyst levels compared to amounts conventionally used, rapid formation of acetal or ketal is facilitated while the formation of oxocarboxylate esters is minimized. Further employing a significant molar excess of oxocarboxylate in conjunction with low acid catalyst level gives rise to the rapid and clean formation of acetals and ketals from oxocarboxylates and alcohols.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel compounds of the formula (I) in which R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, Y, Q and G have the meanings given above, to a plurality of processes and intermediates for their preparation and to their use as herbicides and/or pesticides. Moreover, the invention relates to selective herbicidal compositions comprising, firstly, the phenyl-substituted bicyclooctane-1,3-dione derivates and, secondly, a crop plant compatibility-improving compound. The present invention furthermore relates to increasing the activity of crop protection compositions comprising in particular phenyl-substituted bicyclooctane-1,3-dione derivates by adding ammonium salts or phosphonium salts and, if appropriate, penetrants, to the corresponding compositions, to processes for their preparation and to their use in crop protection as pesticides and/or for preventing unwanted plant growth.

Abstract: The reaction of alcohols with oxocarboxylates to form acetals or ketals is catalyzed by unexpectedly low levels of protic acids. By employing low acid catalyst levels compared to amounts conventionally used, rapid formation of acetal or ketal is facilitated while the formation of oxocarboxylate esters is minimized. Further employing a significant molar excess of oxocarboxylate in conjunction with low acid catalyst level gives rise to the rapid and clean formation of acetals and ketals from oxocarboxylates and alcohols.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the preparation of ketal compounds from glycerol and levulinic acid and esters, and uses thereof, in particular the manufacture of polyurethanes.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods of preparation of compounds resulting from the reaction of levulinic esters and epoxidized unsaturated fatty acid esters. The compounds are useful as renewable biomass-based plasticizers for a variety of polymers. Mono-, di- and tri-ketal adducts formed in a reaction between alkyl esters of levulinate and epoxidized unsaturated fatty acid esters derived from vegetable oils are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a salt represented by the formula (I): wherein R1 and R2 independently each represent a C1-C6 alkyl group or R1 and R2 are bonded each other to form a C5-C20 aliphatic ring together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded, R3 and R4 independently each represent a fluorine atom or a C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl group, X1 represents a C1-C17 divalent saturated hydrocarbon group in which one or more —CH2— can be replaced by —O— or —CO— and which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, and Z1+ represents an organic counter ion.

Abstract: Glyceryl ether compounds prepared by the reaction of glycerol and olefin epoxides are disclosed. The compounds are renewable biomass-based surfactants useful as detergents and emulsifiers in formulations for cleaning, laundry, personal care, cosmetics, and industrial uses.

Abstract: There is provided a compound which is (a) a pyrimidine sulfonamide of formula (I) or (b) a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, crystalline forms of the compound, processes for obtaining the compound, pharmaceutical intermediates used in the manufacture of the compound, and pharmaceutical compositions containing the compound. The compound is useful in the treatment of a disease/condition in which modulation of chemokine receptor activity is beneficial.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a fatty acid derivative represented by formula (I) is provided: wherein Z1 is wherein R3 and R4 are hydrogen atom, halogen atom, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy; when R3 and R4 are lower alkoxy, R3 and R4 may be linked together to form a ring structure; which includes the step of reacting a compound of formula (II): wherein Z2 is the same as Z1; with a co-oxidizer under the presence of an azaadamantane-N-oxyl derivative.

Abstract: A ketal ester of an oxocarboxylic acid and a process to make the same, where the ketal ester is of Structure (I): wherein a is 0 or an integer from 1 to 12; n is 0 or 1; R1 is a linear alkyl, aryl, arylalkylene, or branched alkyl group with 1-18 carbon atoms; R2 and R5 can be hydrogen, C1-6 straight chain or branched alkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, C1-6 alkyl substituted with up to four OH groups, C1-6 alkyl, or acetyl optionally substituted hydrocarbon radicals, or R2 and R4 together with the ?-carbon form a cycloaliphatic or heterocyclic ring with 3-6 carbon atoms and 0-3 heteroatoms, provided that only one of R2 and R5 is hydrogen; R3 is a linear alkyl or branched alkyl group with 1-18 carbon atoms; and R4 is hydrogen, or an alkyl, aryl, aralkyl or branched alkyl group with 1-10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention provides a salt represented by the formula (I): wherein R1 and R2 independently each represent a C1-C6 alkyl group or R1 and R2 are bonded each other to form a C5-C20 aliphatic ring together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded, R3 and R4 independently each represent a fluorine atom or a C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl group, X1 represents a C1-C17 divalent saturated hydrocarbon group in which one or more —CH2— can be replaced by —O— or —CO— and which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, and Z1+ represents an organic counter ion.

Abstract: It is possible to produce oseltamivir safely and stably in large quantities by using as a starting material tartaric acid, mannitol or arabinose, via dihydroxyhexenoic acid ester of the formula (4c).

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a polyhydroxy ketal adduct obtained by the esterification of a hydrocarbon polyol by at least 1.5 equivalents of a ketocarboxy to produce an intermediate ketocarboxylic ester. The intermediate polyketocarboxylic ester is then ketalized to produce the polyhydroxyketal adduct, which can be used to provide a polymeric composition.

Abstract: Various esterified alkyl ketal ester or hydroxyalkyl ketal ester products are useful as components of organic polymer compositions. The ketal esters are produced in certain transesterifications between alkyl ketal esters and/or hydroxyalkyl ketal esters and polyols, aminoalcohols, polyamines and/or polycarboxylic acids. The products are excellent plasticizers for a variety of organic polymers, notable poly(vinyl chloride) plastisols. The products are also very good lubricants for many lubrication applications.

Abstract: A process for the production of 1-(4-3(R)-[3(S)-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl]-4(S)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-azetidinone (ezetimibe) according to the following reaction scheme: (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (IX), (X), (XI) where the substances of the general Formulas II, IV, VI, VIII, IX, X and XI are new, Formula III is a non-isolated intermediate, R1, R2 and R3 are represented by the compounds of Formulas Va-Vd, (Va), (Vb), (Vc), (Vd) and R4 is a silyl, e.g., tert-butyl-dimethyl-silyl, tert-butyl-diphenyl-silyl group.

Abstract: Cyclohexanedione compounds, which are suitable for use as herbicides.

Abstract: A method for producing a product that comprises glycerol ketal of ethyl levulinate or propylene glycol ketal of ethyl levulinate comprises reacting either glycerol or propylene glycol with ethyl levulinate in the presence of a homogenous or heterogeneous catalyst system in a reactor system. The ethyl levulinate and either glycerol or propylene glycol are heated to remove water, polyol, and excess ethyl levulinate. The excess ethyl levulinate and polyol is recycled back to the reactor. The product is distilled in a specific fashion and optionally treated by means of a stabilizing agent or acid species removal bed, to obtain a composition comprising glycerol ketal of ethyl levulinate or propylene glycol ketal of ethyl levulinate wherein the composition comprises less than or equal to about 2 wt % contaminants.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing aldehyde functional compounds by a cross-metathesis reaction of an olefinic compound having at least one hydroxy group and at least one C—C double bond with at least one at least monounsaturated fatty acid or at least one at least monounsaturated fatty acid derivative, in the presence of a metathesis catalyst at a maximum temperature of 180° C. and in the presence of at least one reagent that acts as a protective group-forming compound in relation to the aldehyde group of the aldehyde functional compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of Formula (I), compositions comprising an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), optionally with chemotherapeutic drugs such as a tubulin-binding drug, and methods of their use for reducing the toxicity of cytotoxic agents, treating or preventing cancer or a neuropathic disorder, inducing a chemoprotective phase II enzyme, DNA, or protein synthesis, enhancing the immune system, treating inflammation, improving and enhancing general health or well-being, and methods for making compounds of Formula (I).

Abstract: A 2-aryl-2-halomethyl-4-chloromethyl-1,3-dioxolane (A) can be produced conveniently without decreasing its optical purity by reacting an optically active monochlorohydrin and an aryl (halomethyl) ketone (starting materials) with each other in the presence of an acid catalyst. From the optically active compound (A) thus produced, an optically active carboxylic acid (2-aryl-2-halomethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl ester and an optically active sulfonic acid (2-aryl-2-halomethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl ester (both of which are useful intermediates for the production of ketoconazole) can be produced with good efficiency. An optically active trans-carboxylic acid (2-aryl-2-halomethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl ester can be isomerized into its cis-form in the presence of an acid catalyst.

Abstract: A solid acid having a core of calixarene or calix resorcinarene. The solid acid is an ion conducting compound in which at least one of the hydroxyl groups is substituted by an organic group having a cation exchange group at a terminal end, a polymer electrolyte membrane including the same, and a fuel cell using the polymer electrolyte membrane. The polymer electrolyte membrane can provide low methanol crossover and high ionic conductivity. Accordingly, a fuel cell having high efficiency can be obtained by using the polymer electrolyte membrane.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I), wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 1, are suitable for use as herbicides.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the preparation of acrylate, alkacrylate, allyl, and polycarbonate derivatives of hydroxy ketal esters, and uses thereof.

Abstract: This invention is directed to compounds useful as intermediates in the synthesis of lipoxin A4 analogs of the following formulas (I) and (II): wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are described herein. These analogs are useful in treating inflammatory and autoimmune disorders in humans. These analogs are also useful in treating pulmonary or respiratory tract inflammation in humans.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel acylmethylene-1,3-dioxolanes and acylmethylene-1,4-dioxanes of the general formula (I) in which R1, R2, R3 and n have the meanings given in the description, and also a novel process for their preparation. Acylmethylene-1,3-dioxolanes and acylmethylene-1,4-dioxanes are important intermediates for the preparation of pyrazoles and anthranilamides, which can be used as insecticides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions comprising an effective amount of a Panaxytriol Compound and a tubulin-binding drug, methods for treating or preventing cancer or a neurotrophic disorder comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a Panaxytriol Compound and a tubulin-binding drug, and methods for making a Panaxytriol Compound.

Abstract: Agents useful for the treatment of various metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance syndrome, diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, hyperlipidemia, fatty liver disease, cachexia, obesity, atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis are disclosed, compound of the formula (I): wherein n is 1 or 2; m is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8; q is 0 or 1; t is 0 or 1; R1 is alkyl having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms; R2 is hydrogen, halo, alkyl having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or alkoxy having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms; R3 and R4 together are alkyl having two or three carbon atoms; or R3 and R4 are the same as each other and each is methyl or ethyl; R5 is hydrogen or alkyl having from one to six carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to substituted phenoxybenzamide compounds of general formula (I): in which R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, X, R6 and q are as defined in the claims, to methods of preparing said compounds, to pharmaceutical compositions and combinations comprising said compounds and to the use of said compounds for manufacturing a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a disease, in particular of a hyper-proliferative and/or angiogenesis disorder, as a sole agent or in combination with other active ingredients.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel methods for preparing a key intermediate, 3,5-di-O-acyl-2-fluoro-2-C-methyl-D-ribono-?-lactone (2), for the preparation of 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-2-C-methyl-?-D-ribofuranosyl)cytosine (1), which is a potent and selective anti-hepatitis C virus agent.

Abstract: The reaction of alcohols with oxocarboxylates to form acetals or ketals is catalyzed by unexpectedly low levels of protic acids. By employing low acid catalyst levels compared to amounts conventionally used, rapid formation of acetal or ketal is facilitated while the formation of oxocarboxylate esters is minimized. Further employing a significant molar excess of oxocarboxylate in conjunction with low acid catalyst level gives rise to the rapid and clean formation of acetals and ketals from oxocarboxylates and alcohols.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods of preparation of compounds resulting from the reaction of levulinic esters and epoxidized unsaturated fatty acid esters. The compounds are useful as renewable biomass-based plasticizers for a variety of polymers. Mono-, di- and tri-ketal adducts formed in a reaction between alkyl esters of levulinate and epoxidized unsaturated fatty acid esters derived from vegetable oils are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are (N)-methanocarba adenine nucleosides of the formula: as highly potent A3 adenosine receptor agonists, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such nucleosides, and a method of use of these nucleosides, wherein R1-R6 are as defined in the specification. These nucleosides are contemplated for use in the treatment a number of diseases, for example, inflammation, cardiac ischemia, stroke, asthma, diabetes, and cardiac arrhythmias. The invention also provides compounds that are agonists of both A1 and A3 adenosine receptors for use in cardioprotection.