Abstract: Process for preparing a chlorohydrin, comprising the following steps: (a) a polyhydroxylated aliphatic hydrocarbon, an ester of a polyhydroxylated aliphatic hydrocarbon or a mixture thereof is reacted with a chlorinating agent and an organic acid so as to give a mixture containing the chlorohydrin and esters of the chlorohydrin (b) at least part of the mixture obtained in step (a) is subjected to one or more treatments in steps subsequent to step (a) (c) polyhydroxylated aliphatic hydrocarbon is added to at least one of the steps subsequent to step (a), so as to react, at a temperature greater than or equal to 20° C., with the esters of the chlorohydrin, so as to form, at least partly, esters of the polyhydroxylated aliphatic hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A process for producing ?-methylstyrene from cumyl alcohol via dehydration in the presence of activated alumina, wherein a concentration of propylene oxide contained in a raw material containing cumyl alcohol is 10 to 1000 ppm by weight.

Abstract: Peroxo-carbonates derived from molten alkali and/or Group II metal salts, particularly carbonate salts are used as catalysts in oxidation and epoxidation reactions, transition metal compounds may be included to improve the selectivity of the reactions.

Abstract: The invention is a catalyst comprising a titanium or vanadium zeolite, a binder, and zinc oxide, wherein the catalyst is preparing an aqueous mixture of the zeolite, a binder source, and a zinc oxide source, and subjecting the mixture to rapid drying. The catalyst is useful in olefin epoxidation.

Abstract: A method to achieve a controlled start-up temperature of an expoxidation process which exceeds the maximum achievable temperature of the epoxidation reactor relative to using an external heat source. The method of the present invention employs an oxidation reaction within the reactor to bring the temperature of the reactor to a temperature that is suitable for conditioning a high selectivity catalyst. The method of the present invention includes first bringing a reactor including a high selectivity catalyst to a first temperature using the external heat source to the reactor, while staying within the reactor design limitations and maintaining a gas flow to the reactor that is within 25 to 100% of the design rates. Once the reactor has achieved the first temperature, at least an olefin, e.g., ethylene, and then oxygen are introduced to the reactor feed gas.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprising a support having a surface area of at least 500 m2/kg, and deposited on the support: silver metal, a metal or component comprising rhenium, tungsten, molybdenum or a nitrate- or nitrite-forming compound, and a Group IA metal or component comprising a Group IA metal having an atomic number of at least 37, and in addition potassium, wherein the value of the expression (QK/R)+QHIA is in the range of from 1.5 to 30 mmole/kg, wherein QHIA and QK represent the quantities in mmole/kg of the Group IA metal having an atomic number of at least 37 and potassium, respectively, present in the catalyst composition, the ratio of QHIA to QK is at least 1:1, the value of QK is at least 0.01 mmole/kg, and R is a dimensionless number in the range of from 1.5 to 5, the units mmole/kg being relative to the weight of the catalyst composition.

Abstract: A process for reactions with or to form peroxidic compounds in a wall reactor whose reaction space has a specific material coating is described. Both higher space-time yields and increased selectivities can be achieved by means of the process.

Abstract: (Process of manufacturing propylene oxide and styrene which process comprises: (i) contacting propene with a mixture of ethylbenzene hydroperoxide and ethylbenzene in the presence of catalyst to obtain propylene oxide and 1-phenylethanol, (ii) separating propylene oxide from the reaction mixture obtained in step (i), (iii) subjecting the mixture obtained in step (ii) to distillation to obtain a top stream containing ethylbenzene and a bottom stream containing 1-phenylethanol, (iv) subjecting the bottom stream containing 1-phenylethanol obtained in step (iii) to a further distillation to obtain a top stream containing purified 1-phenylethanol and a bottom stream containing heavy by-products, (v) contacting the top stream containing 1-phenylethanol obtained in step (iv) with a dehydration catalyst to obtain styrene and water, (vi) subjecting the reaction mixture obtained in step (v) to distillation to obtain a top stream containing styrene and water and a bottom stream containing unconverted 1-phenylethanol, 2-

Abstract: A process for preparing 1,3-dibromoacetone, 1-3-dichloroacetone and epichlorohydrin which comprises: (a) re-acting acetone with 2 moles of bromine to make a mixture of brominated acetone derivatives and byproduct hydrogen bromide; (b) equilibrating the mixture of brominated acetone derivatives and hydrogen bromide to produce 1,3-dibromoacetone as the major product; (c) crystallizing the 1,3-dibromoacetone; and (d) isolating the 1,3-dibromoacetone. The process may further include the steps of (e) reacting the 1,3-dibromoacetone with a chloride source to produce 1,3-dichloroacetone; (f) hydrogenating the isolated 1,3-dichloroacetone to produce 1,3-dichlorohydrin; and (g) cyclizing the 1,3-dichlorohydrin with a base to produce epichlorohydrin.

Abstract: A process for producing propylene oxide, which comprises the following steps below, and a step for removing alcohols of the carbon number of 2 to 3, cyclohexanol and/or isopropylcyclohexane outside of the reaction system in at least one place of the steps or between which the steps are connected: oxidation step: a step of obtaining cumene hydroperoxide by oxidizing cumene; epoxidation step: a step of obtaining propylene oxide and cumyl alcohol by reacting cumene hydroperoxide obtained in the oxidation step with propylene in an excess amount in a liquid in the presence of a solid catalyst; and hydrogenolysis step: a step of obtain cumene by subjecting cumyl alcohol obtained in the epoxidation step to hydrogenolysis, and recycling the cumene to the oxidation step as the raw material for the oxidation step.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the production of an ethoxylate involving charging a portion of product from a previous preparation (a “heel”) or an ethoxylate to a reactor, optionally, charging from about 0.2 wt. % to an amount equal or greater than the amount of heel of a C1-C56 non-phenolic alcohol to the reactor, charging ethylene oxide to activate a double metal cyanide (“DMC”) catalyst, adding C1-C56 non-phenolic alcohol simultaneously with ethylene oxide for a portion of the process and continuing addition of ethylene oxide following completion of the simultaneous C1-C56 non-phenolic alcohol and ethylene oxide addition. The process of the present invention provides significant improvements in cycle time and safety in producing ethoxylates which may find use in or as surfactants.

Abstract: Process for preparing a chlorohydrin by reacting a polyhydroxylated aliphatic hydrocarbon with a chlorinating agent in a reactor which is supplied with one or more liquid streams containing less than 50% by weight of the polyhydroxylated aliphatic hydrocarbon relative to the weight of the entirety of the liquid streams.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of Coenzyme Q. Coenzyme Q10 or CoQ10 has the chemical name 2-[(all-trans)-3,7,11,15,19,23,27,31,35,39-decamethyl-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34,38-tetracontadecaenyl]-5,6-dimethoxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone and has the formula I. The invention also provides new intermediates useful for the preparation of CoQ10 and processes for their preparation.

Abstract: Process for preparing a chlorohydrin, wherein: (a) a polyhydroxylated aliphatic hydrocarbon, an ester of a polyhydroxylated aliphatic hydrocarbon or a mixture thereof is reacted with a chlorinating agent so as to give a mixture containing chlorohydrin, chlorohydrin esters and water, (b) at least a fraction of the mixture obtained in step (a) is subjected to a distillation and/or stripping treatment so as to give a part concentrated with water, with chlorohydrin and with chlorohydrin esters, (c) at least a fraction of the part obtained in step (b) is subjected to a separating operation in the presence of at least one additive so as to give a portion concentrated with chlorohydrin and with chlorohydrin esters and containing less than 40% by weight of water.

Abstract: Process for preparing a chlorohydrin, wherein a polyhydroxylated aliphatic hydrocarbon whose total metal content, expressed in elemental form, is greater than or equal to 0.1 ?g/kg and less than or equal to 1000 mg/kg is reacted with a chlorinating agent.

Abstract: Process for preparing an epoxide, wherein a reaction medium resulting from the reaction of a polyhydroxylated aliphatic hydrocarbon, an ester of a polyhydroxylated aliphatic hydrocarbon or a mixture thereof with a chlorinating agent, the reaction medium containing at least 10 g of chlorohydrin per kg of reaction medium, is subjected to a subsequent chemical reaction without intermediate treatment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing propylene oxide comprising (I) reacting propene with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalyst to give a mixture (GI) comprising propylene oxide, unreacted propene, and oxygen; (II) separating propylene oxide from mixture (GI) to give a mixture (GII) comprising propene and oxygen; (III) reducing the oxygen comprised in mixture (GII) at least partially by reaction with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst comprising Sn and at least one noble metal.

Abstract: It was found that glycidyloxystyrenes, including glycidyloxystyrene and substituted glycidyloxystyrene, can be synthesized from hydroxycinnamic acid or substituted hydroxycinnamic acids in a one-pot, two-step process. The substrate can be thermally decarboxylated and then without purification, reacted in the presence of a halomethyl-oxirane and a base. The resulting product can be polymerized or coppolymerized to a fully substituted product.

Abstract: Process for preparing an epoxide, wherein halogenated ketones are formed as by-products and there is at least one treatment intended to remove at least part of the halogenated ketones formed.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a transition metal zeolite and a noble metal is disclosed. The catalyst is prepared by an extrusion method using a comb-branched polymer as an extrusion aid. The catalyst is used in a reaction to produce epoxide from an olefin, hydrogen, and oxygen. The comb-branched polymer improves the mechanical properties of the extrudate.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a noble metal supported on a diatomaceous earth and a transition metal zeolite is disclosed. The catalyst is used in an epoxidation process comprising reacting an olefin, hydrogen, and oxygen. The diatomaceous earth is readily available and may be used in a slurry process without further particle size enlargement.

Abstract: Reactions between at least two fluid reactants are performed in a reactor comprising wall elements (1), slot-shaped reaction spaces (3) and cavities (5) for conducting a fluid heat-carrier through. Depending on the process and throughput, a modular structural design is chosen wherein an arbitrary number of wall elements (1) are assembled to a right-parallelepipedal block (24), the reaction spaces (3) are formed between lateral surfaces (2) of right-parallelepipedal wall elements (1), the reactants are introduced into the reaction spaces (3) from edge regions of one side of the block (24) and are conducted through the reaction spaces (3) in parallel flows and the fluid heat-carrier is conducted through the tubular cavities (5) extending in the interior of the wall elements (1).

Abstract: A process for stereoselective synthesis of a compound of Formula (X) or Formula (X?) wherein R1, R2, and R3 are as defined herein, the process comprising: (a) reacting the starting material of formula A with a chiral sulfoxide anion source in a suitable solvent to prepare a compound of formula C or C?; (b) reducing the sulfoxide of formula C or C? in a suitable solvent to obtain the compound of formula D or D?; and (c) cyclizing the compound of formula D or D? in a suitable solvent to form the epoxide compound of Formula (X) or Formula (X?), or a tautomer, prodrug, solvate, or salt thereof; pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, and methods of modulating the glucocorticoid receptor function and methods of treating disease-states or conditions mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor function or characterized by inflammatory, allergic, or proliferative processes in a patient using these compounds.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing propylene oxide, wherein propylene is reacted with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of an organic solvent and a crystalline titanosilicate catalyst having an MWW structure containing Ti, the Ti having been incorporated during crystallization.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a biphasic process for the epoxidation of an organic compound by organic compound by organic hydroperoxide. More particularly, the present invention relates to a biphasic process for the epoxidation of an organic compound by organic hydroperoxide to the corresponding epoxide, using chromate or dichromate anions as the catalyst in aqueous medium.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes for preparing oxiranecarboxylic acids and derivatives thereof, in particular to processes which proceed under stereochemical control of the reaction steps, to the oxiranecarboxylic acids prepared according to the invention and derivatives thereof and to their use in pharmaceutical compositions, in particular for treating hyperlipaemia.

Abstract: The present invention relates to 3-guanidinocarbonyl-1-heteroaryl-pyrrole derivatives of formula (I) wherein R1 to R3 and Ar are as defined herein, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such derivatives, methods of treatment comprising administering such derivatives, and processes for their preparation

Abstract: Supported reactive catalysts having a controlled coordination structure and methods for their production are disclosed. The supported catalysts of the present invention are useful for the preparation of hydrogen peroxide with high selectivity in addition to other chemical conversion reactions. The supported catalyst comprises catalyst particles having top or outer layer of atoms in which at least a portion of the atoms exhibit a controlled coordination number of 2. The catalyst and methods may be used for the concurrent in situ and ex situ conversion of organic compounds. In addition, a process is provided for catalytically producing hydrogen peroxide from hydrogen and oxygen feeds by contacting them with the catalysts of the invention and a suitable organic liquid solvent having a Solvent Selection Parameter (SSP) between 0.14×10?4 and 5.0×10?4.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for stereoselective or regioselective chemical synthesis which generally comprises reacting a nucleophile and a chiral or prochiral cyclic substrate in the presence of a non-racemic, chiral catalyst to produce a stereoisomerically- and/or regioisomerically-enriched product. The present invention also relates to hydrolytic kinetic resolutions of racemic and diastereomeric mixtures of epoxides.

Abstract: Settling times of a catalyst in the epoxidation of a cyclic, at least monounsaturated alkene are improved by a method, comprising epoxidizing a cyclic, at least monounsaturated alkene having from 8 to 20 carbon atoms in the ring in a reaction medium containing an oxidant and a catalyst system comprising at least one metal of Groups 4, 5 and 6 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, phosphoric acid and a phase transfer catalyst and a cyclic alkane having from 8 to 20 carbon atoms in the ring, which corresponds to the alkene reactant, as settling accelerator in the epoxidation reaction.

Abstract: The invention is directed towards a process for the epoxidation of olefins, using molecular oxygen and hydrogen, characterized in that, as catalyst, a compound comprising gold, preferably in nanometer size, on a support material, in which the support material is comprised of Scandium, Yttrium, Lanthanide, Zirconium, Hafnium, Vanadium, Niobium, Tantalum, Chromium, Molybdenum and/or Tungsten and is essentially free of titanium is applied, and a compound comprising gold, preferably in nanometer size, on a support material, in which the support material is comprised of Scandium, Yttrium, Lanthanide, Zirconium, Hafnium, Vanadium, Niobium, Tantalum, Chromium, Molybdenum and/or Tungsten and is essentially free of titanium, a process for the preparation of said compounds and a method of catalyzing a chemical reaction through conducting said chemical reaction in the presence of said compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes for preparing oxiranecarboxylic acids and derivatives thereof, in particular to processes which proceed under stereochemical control of the reaction steps, to the oxiranecarboxylic acids prepared according to the invention and derivatives thereof and to their use in pharmaceutical compositions, in particular for treating hyperlipaemia.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new method for producing epoxides by oxidizing olefins in a homogeneous gas phase reaction, wherein ozone and NO2 and/or NO are reacted with the desired olefin under mild reaction conditions and without a catalyst. The inventive method can be carried out as a continuous, one-step method in a reactor according to FIG. 1, and requires very little technical input. Monoolefins having 2 to 16 carbon atoms and diolefins having 4 to 16 carbon atoms can be epoxidized.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for stereoselective or regioselective chemical synthesis which generally comprises reacting a nucleophile and a chiral or prochiral cyclic substrate in the presence of a non-racemic, chiral catalyst to produce a stereoisomerically- and/or regioisomerically-enriched product. The present invention also relates to hydrolytic kinetic resolutions of racemic and diastereomeric mixtures of epoxides.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the production of optically active epoxides useful as pharmaceutical intermediates, particularly in the field of HIV protease inhibitors. The optically active epoxides are produced in commercially acceptable yields from an optically active alcohols by a Mitsunobu reaction and a cyclisation step, preferably comprising an intermediate re-crystallisation step. The stereochemistry of the alcohol is inverted during the Mitsunobu reaction to produce the desired epoxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the enantioselective preparation of glycide ester (I) by (a) dihydroxylation of a corresponding 3-phenyl cinnamate (II) by osmium (VIII) oxide catalysis in the presence of a Sharpless ligand and an oxidizing agent to form the dihydroxy ester (III), (b) selective conversion of the hydroxy function in position 2 of the dihydroxy ester (III) to a leaving group, (c) intramolecular substitution of the leaving group through the hydroxy function in position 3 to form the glycide ester (I), in which R1 denotes C1-C10 alkyl, aryl, or arylalkyl, which may be substituted, R2 denotes C1-C10 alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, halogen, C1-C10 alkoxy, acyloxy, or amide, which may be substituted, and n is 0 to 5.

Abstract: Describes novel polyfunctional thiiranes. Also described are polymerizable compositions comprising such novel polyfunctional thiiranes, and polymerizates, e.g., optical lenses, prepared therefrom. The described polymerizates may have a refractive index of at least 1.6, and an Abbe number of at least 27.

Abstract: A lightfast epoxy resin is formed by phosgenating Bisphenol A by reaction with phosgene to produce Bisphenol A bischloroformate. The Bisphenol A bischloroformate is then reacted with either epichlorohydrin, glycidol or pinacol and another chemical to produce a lightfast epoxy resin. By phosgenating the Bisphenol A prior to the reaction with either epichlorohydrin, glycidol or pinacol and another chemical, the resulting epoxy resin has improved lightfastness and is not degraded by sunlight. The epoxy resin of the present invention can be used in paints, coatings, and plastics for vehicles.

Abstract: The invention relates to double-metal cyanide (DMC) catalysts for preparing polyether polyols by the polyaddition of alkylene oxides on to starter compounds containing active hydrogen atoms, wherein the DMC catalysts are composed of: a) at least one DMC compound; b) at least one organic complexing ligand which is not a coronand; and c) at least one coronand. The DMC catalysts of the present invention have increased activity compared to known catalysts.

Abstract: A process for catalytically directly producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) product from hydrogen and oxygen-containing feeds by contacting them with a supported noble metal phase-controlled catalyst and a suitable organic liquid solvent having a Solvent Selection Parameter (SSP) between 0.14×10−4 and 5.0×10−4 at reaction condition of 0-100° C. temperature and 100-3,000 psig pressure. Unconverted feed gas and organic liquid solvent solution are usually recovered and recycled back to the reactor along with any recovered catalyst. If desired, the hydrogen peroxide product can be fed together with an organic chemical feedstock such as propylene and with the organic liquid solvent solution into a second catalytic reaction step which oxidizes the feedstock to produce a desired crude oxidized organic product such as propylene oxide, which may be purified by distillation steps and recovered from the solvent solution.

Abstract: A process for the co-production of a diol product (e.g. butane-1,4-diol) and a cyclic ether (e.g. tetrahydrofuran) by hydrogenation of an aliphatic diester or lactone feedstock (e.g. dimethyl or diethyl maleate), which contains a minor amount of acidic material, such as the corresponding monoester. The process utilizes a plurality of hydrogenation zones connected in series, each containing a charge of a granular ester hydrogenation catalyst. The catalyst in the first hydrogenation zone is tolerant of a minor amount of acidic material, while the catalyst in the second hydrogenation zone provides enhanced yields of cyclic ethers compared to the catalyst of the first hydrogenation zone. The catalyst in a third hydrogenation zone exhibits low selectivity towards conversion of the diester to at least one by product (e.g. 2-4′-hydroxybutoxy-tetrahydrofuran).

Abstract: A method of reacting a first compound to produce a second compound includes the step of contacting a first non-fluorous phase including the first compound with a first fluorous phase at a first phase interface. The first compound distributes between the first fluorous phase and the first non-fluorous phase. The method further includes the steps of contacting the first fluorous phase with a second non-fluorous phase at a second phase interface and including at least a third compound in the second non-fluorous phase that reacts with the first compound to produce the second compound. The second compound has a distribution coefficient less than the first compound. This method can, for example be used to separate the second compound from unreacted first compound wherein, for example, the first compound is of a fluorous nature and distributes more readily into (or transports more quickly through) the fluorous phase than does the second compound.

Abstract: An integrated process and apparatus for integrating an alkene derivative process, such as ethylene oxide process, with an ethylene process so that any ethylene entrapped in the purge stream of the alkene derivative process can be effectively recovered through the ethylene process portion of the integrated process.

Abstract: A process is provided for use in the conversion of alkanes into alkylene oxides, having particular utility in the conversion of propane to form propylene oxide, using a lanthanide-promoted, supported, silver catalyst prepared via precipitation. A preferred embodiment uses silver nitrate and lanthanum nitrate to form the catalyst on a BaCO3 support.

Abstract: A process for the joint preparation of styrene and propylene oxide comprising the steps of: (a) reacting ethane and benzene to form ethylbenzene; (b) reacting ethylbenzene with oxygen or air to form ethylbenzene hydroperoxide; (c) reacting at least part of the ethylbenzene hydroperoxide obtained with propene in the presence of an epoxidation catalyst to form propylene oxide and 1-phenyl ethanol, and (d) dehydrating at least part of the 1-phenyl ethanol obtained into styrene in the presence of a suitable dehydration catalyst, wherein the ethene used in step (a) and the propene used in step (c) are at least partly provided by a fluid catalytic cracking unit.

Abstract: A process for producing oxidized organic chemical products such as propylene oxide from various organic chemical feedstocks utilizing as oxidant directly produced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) intermediate oxidizing agent. The hydrogen peroxide intermediate is directly produced from hydrogen and oxygen feeds plus a suitable solvent in a first catalytic reaction step utilizing an active supported phase-controlled noble metal catalyst at reaction conditions of 0-100° C. temperature and 300-3,000 psig pressure. An organic chemical feedstock such as propylene together with the hydrogen peroxide intermediate and solvent solution are fed into a second catalytic reactor maintained at 0-150° C. temperature and 15-1,500 psig pressure and oxidized to produce a desired crude oxidized organic product such as propylene oxide, which is purified by distillation steps and recovered from the solvent solution.

Abstract: A process for producing oxidized organic chemical products from various organic chemical feedstocks utilizing as oxidant hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produced by noble metal nanocatalysis with high selectivity at low hydrogen concentration. The organic chemical oxidation process step can optionally be carried out in situ concurrent with the production of hydrogen peroxide or in a two stage process. In the two stage process, the hydrogen peroxide intermediate is directly produced by noble metal nanocatalysis from hydrogen and oxygen feeds plus a suitable solvent in a first catalytic reaction step. An organic chemical feedstock and the hydrogen peroxide intermediate and solvent solution are fed into a second catalytic reactor to produce an oxidized organic chemical product.

Abstract: The present invention provides a simple and inexpensive process for preparing glycerol carbonate. Namely, according to the present invention, glycerol carbonate is prepared by reacting glycerol with urea.

Abstract: Highly pure optically active threo-3-amino-1,2-epoxy compounds appropriate for materials for manufacturing drugs and a process for producing the same on an industrial scale. An optically active threo-3-amino-1,2-diol derivative is subjected in an organic solvent in the presence of a base to alkylsufonylation or arylsulfonylation to thereby give the corresponding optically active threo-3-amino-2-hydroxy-1-sulfonyloxy compound. Next, the resultant product is subjected to epoxidation in the presence of a base to give the corresponding optically active threo-3-amino-1,2-epoxy compound. The thus obtained epoxy compound is purified by using an organic solvent and water, thus giving a highly pure epoxy compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for stereoselective or regioselective chemical synthesis which generally comprises reacting a nucleophile and a chiral or prochiral cyclic substrate in the presence of a non-racemic, chiral catalyst to produce a stereoisomerically- and/or regioisomerically-enriched product. The present invention also relates to hydrolytic kinetic resolutions of racemic and diastereomeric mixtures of epoxides.