Abstract: Methods of reducing the value of an alkylene oxide production parameter (such as alkylene oxide production rate) in a process of making an alkylene oxide by reacting an alkylene and oxygen over a high efficiency catalyst are shown and described. One method comprises reducing the concentration of oxygen in the reactor feed gas to reduce the value of the alkylene oxide production parameter.

Abstract: A method for the start-up of a process for the epoxidation of ethylene comprising: initiating an epoxidation reaction by reacting a feed gas composition containing ethylene, and oxygen, in the presence of an epoxidation catalyst at a temperature of about 180° C. to about 210° C.; adding to the feed gas composition about 0.05 ppm to about 2 ppm of moderator; increasing the first temperature to a second temperature of about 240° C. to about 250° C., over a time period of about 12 hours to about 60 hours; and maintaining the second temperature for a time period of about 50 hours to about 150 hours.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process comprising reacting ethylene and oxygen or a source of oxygen in a process microchannel in the presence of a catalyst to form a product comprising ethylene oxide.

Abstract: A method of producing an alkylene oxide includes passing a reaction mixture comprising alkylene, oxygen and a gaseous chlorine-containing promoter species over a supported catalyst containing silver and a promoting amount of rhenium to undergo an epoxidation reaction at a first operating condition. The method further includes subsequently performing the epoxidation reaction at a preferred operating condition. The preferred operating condition is characterized by an efficiency of the epoxidation reaction toward the alkylene oxide where the efficiency is lower than that of a maximum efficiency achievable at an operating temperature corresponding to the preferred operating condition.

Abstract: An optically active compound having a polymerizable group which is represented by formula (1) or (2). P1-Q1-(A1-Z1)m—X1—(Z1-A1)m-Q1-P2??(1) P1-Q1-(A1-Z1)m—X2??(2) For example, A1 is independently divalent group having ring; Z1 is independently bonding group; m is independently an integer from 1 to 5; Q1 is independently alkylene having 1 to 20 carbons; X1 is a divalent group having chirality; X2 is a monovalent group having chirality, and P1 and P2 are polymerizable groups; and concerns a polymerizable liquid crystal composition, a polymer, an optical device and an article.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and articles that include a plasmon-resonating nanostructure that employ a photo-thermal mechanism to catalyze the reduction of an oxidant. As such, the plasmon-resonating nanostructure catalyzes a redox reaction at a temperature below a predetermined activation temperature. The method can be efficiently used to catalyze the reduction of an oxidant, for example in a catalytic reactor or in a fuel cell that includes a photon source.

Abstract: Process for producing a supported silver catalyst, which comprises (a) reacting oxalic acid with an alkali metal base in a solvent, preferably water, to the second equivalence point of oxalic acid to give alkali metal oxalate; (b) reacting the alkali metal oxalate obtained according to (a) with silver salt in a solvent, preferably water, to give silver oxalate; (c) forming a complexation of the silver oxalate obtained according to (b) with a diamine compound in a solvent, preferably water, to give a diamine-silver oxalate complex.

Abstract: A simplified method of operating an alkylene oxide production process that utilizes a high efficiency silver catalyst is shown and described. The method accounts for declining catalyst activity that occurs as the catalyst ages by making alternating changes to the reaction temperature and an overall chloriding effectiveness parameter.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved process for producing a catalyst useful for the epoxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide. In forming the catalyst, a silver-impregnated support is subjected to two calcinations. The support is subjected to a first calcination in a first atmosphere comprising air. Next the support is subjected to a second calcination in a second atmosphere which is substantially entirely comprised of inert gas, and which second atmosphere is substantially absent of hydrogen. This two-stage calcination produces an improved catalyst which contains fewer organics left over under standard conditions of air calcination alone, while costing less than calcination in an inert gas alone.

Abstract: An improved method of operating an alkylene oxide production process to achieve and maintain a desired alkylene oxide production parameter is shown and described. The method comprises adjusting one of an overall catalyst chloriding effectiveness parameter or reaction temperature to obtain the desired alkylene oxide production parameter.

Abstract: A process for preparing a rejuvenated epoxidation catalyst, for the epoxidation of one or more olefins using the rejuvenated epoxidation catalyst to produce olefin oxide, and for the production of a 1,2-diol, a 1,2-diol ether, or an alkanol amine from the olefin oxide, the process comprising: providing a quantity of spent epoxidation catalyst having a cumulative alkylene oxide production of 0.16 kT/m3 of the spent epoxidation catalyst or more; and, depositing additional silver on the spent epoxidation catalyst in an amount of 0.2% w or more, based on the weight of the spent epoxidation catalyst.

Abstract: A process for preparing a 1,2-diol, a 1,2-diol ether or an alkanolamine comprising converting an olefin oxide, wherein the olefin oxide has been obtained by a process for the epoxidation of an olefin, said process comprising using a catalyst comprising a carrier and silver deposited thereon, wherein the carrier comprises at least 85 weight percent ?-alumina and has a surface area of at least 1.3 m2/g, a median pore diameter of more than 0.8 ?m, and a pore size distribution wherein at least 80% of the total pore is contained in pores with diameters in the range of from 0.1 to 10 ?m, and at least 80% of the pore volume contained in the pores with diameters in the range of from 0.1 to 10 ?m is contained in pores with diameters in the range of from 0.3 to 10 ?m.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the epoxidation of an olefin, which process comprises reacting a feed comprising an olefin and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising a carrier and silver deposited on the carrier, which carrier comprises at least 85 weight percent ?-alumina and has a surface area of at least 1.3 m2/g, a median pore diameter of more than 0.8 ?m, and a pore size distribution wherein at least 80% of the total pore volume is contained in pores with diameters in the range of from 0.1 to 10 ?m and at least 80% of the pore volume contained in the pores with diameters in the range of from 0.1 to 10 ?m is contained in pores with diameters in the range of from 0.3 to 10 ?m.

Abstract: This invention relates to catalyst carriers to be used as supports for metal and metal oxide catalyst components of use in a variety of chemical reactions. More specifically, the invention provides a process of formulating a low surface area alpha alumina carrier that is suitable as a support for silver and the use of such catalyst in chemical reactions, especially the epoxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide. A precursor for a catalyst support comprises an admixture of an alpha alumina and/or a transition alumina; a binder; and either a solid blowing agent which expands, or propels a gas upon the application of sufficient heat, and optionally contains talc and/or water soluble titanium compound.

Abstract: Apparatus, methods, and processes are provided for a tube reactor including multiple, substantially parallel reaction tubes arranged within a tube reactor shell, the reaction tubes spaced apart such that a thermal fluid can flow between the tubes and transfer heat between the tubes and the thermal fluid during operation; an inlet head defining an inlet head space, where the inlet head space is in fluid communication with an inlet end of the reaction tubes, and an outlet head including an outlet head shell and at least one insert positioned within an outlet head space defined by the outlet head, where the insert defines a reduced volume outlet head space relative to that defined by the outlet head, and where the reduced volume outlet head space is in fluid communication with an outlet end of the reaction tubes and in fluid communication with a reactor outlet.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing propylene oxide, comprising a step of bringing propylene, oxygen and a silver catalyst into contact with each other in the presence of water, wherein the silver catalyst is a catalyst prepared from (a) metallic silver, a silver compound or a mixture thereof, (b) phosphorus, a phosphorus-containing compound or a mixture thereof and (c) a carrier.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing propylene oxide, comprising a step of reacting propylene and oxygen in the presence of a silver catalyst and water, wherein the silver catalyst is a catalyst prepared from (a) metallic silver, a silver compound or a mixture thereof, (b) a tellurium compound and (c) a carrier.

Abstract: Catalyst for preparing ethylene oxide, at least comprising silver applied to a support, the support having a BET constant C in the range from 0 to 800, determined in accordance with DIN ISO 9277.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing a catalyst for the oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide, which comprises a) providing a support which comprises alumina and has been impregnated with silver or with a silver-comprising compound and has a temperature T0; and b) heating the impregnated support from the temperature T0 to a temperature T1 at a heating rate of at least 30 K/min, and also the catalyst itself which can be obtained by this process.

Abstract: Process for preparing a catalyst for preparing ethylene oxide, which comprises silver and zinc applied to a support, where the process comprises at least (i) providing a support, (ii) applying zinc to the support according to (i) in an amount of from 10 ppm to 1500 ppm, in each case calculated as element and based on the total weight of the support according to (i), by bringing the support into contact with at least one mixture G1 comprising at least one zinc compound, (iii) drying and/or calcining the support obtained according to (ii), (iv) applying silver to the dried and/or calcined support by bringing the support into contact with at least one mixture G2 comprising at least one silver compound.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing a carrier which process comprises incorporating into the carrier at any stage of the carrier preparation a strength-enhancing additive. Also provided is the resultant carrier having incorporated therein a strength-enhancing additive and a catalyst comprising the carrier. Also provided is a process for the epoxidation of an olefin employing the catalyst. Also provided is a method of using the olefin oxide so produced for making a 1,2-diol, a 1,2-diol ether or an alkanolamine.

Abstract: A carrier having at least three lobes, a first end, a second end, a wall between the ends and a non-uniform radius of transition at the intersection of an end and the wall is disclosed. A catalyst comprising the carrier, silver and promoters deposited on the carrier and useful for the epoxidation of olefins is also disclosed. A method for making the carrier, a method for making the catalyst and a process for epoxidation of an olefin with the catalyst are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the epoxidation of an olefin, which process comprises reacting a feed comprising an olefin and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising a carrier and silver deposited on the carrier, which carrier comprises at least 85 weight percent ?-alumina and has a surface area of at least 1.3 m2/g, a median pore diameter of more than 0.8 ?m, and a pore size distribution wherein at least 80% of the total pore volume is contained in pores with diameters in the range of from 0.1 to 10 ?m and at least 80% of the pore volume contained in the pores with diameters in the range of from 0.1 to 10 ?m is contained in pores with diameters in the range of from 0.3 to 10 ?m.

Abstract: An integrated process providing for a gas phase hydro-oxidation of an olefin, preferably, propylene, with oxygen in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst under reaction conditions such as to form a gaseous hydro-oxidation effluent stream containing an olefin oxide product, preferably, propylene oxide, water, unconverted olefin, oxygen, and hydrogen; and further providing for separation and recovery of the olefin oxide product from the effluent stream. The separation involves feeding the hydro-oxidation effluent stream into a first distillation column employing a liquid reflux rectification agent to obtain a first overhead stream containing unconverted olefin, oxygen, and hydrogen, which is recycled to the hydro-oxidation reactor, and a first bottoms stream containing water and the olefin oxide, from which upon further separation a purified olefin oxide product is recovered.

Abstract: Supported noble metal-comprising catalysts which can be obtained by a) application of colloidal noble metal in the form of a colloidal solution, optionally in admixture with additives acting as promoters, to a support material, b1) drying of the resulting product at from 150 to 350° C., or b2) drying of the resulting product at from 150 to 350° C. and subsequent calcination at from 350 to 550° C. for epoxidation or oxidative dehydrogenation, a process for producing it, its use and also the use of colloidal noble metal for producing supported catalysts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an alumina support for silver catalyst, a process for preparing said alumina support, a silver catalyst made from said alumina support, and a use of said silver catalyst in the production of ethylene oxide by the oxidization of ethylene. According to the present invention, the silver catalyst made from the support prepared by potassium melt technology can have a high selectivity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing ethylene oxide by reaction of ethylene with oxygen in the presence of at least one silver-comprising catalyst, wherein the reaction takes place in a reactor which has a catalyst packed bed having at least two zones (i) and (ii) and the silver content of the catalyst in zone (i) is lower than the silver content of the catalyst in zone (ii). The catalyst packed bed preferably has a further zone (a) with which the reaction mixture comes into contact before the zones (i) and (ii). According to the invention, the silver content of the catalyst in the zone (a) is higher than the silver content of the catalyst in zone (i).

Abstract: A process for the production of an olefin oxide, which process comprises reacting a feed comprising an olefin and oxygen in a reactor tube in the presence of a silver-containing catalyst, wherein the presence of water in the catalyst bed is controlled such that the ratio of the partial pressure of water (PPH2O) divided by the vapor pressure of water (VPH2O) is less than 0.006, preferably less than 0.004.

Abstract: PROBLEM There is provided a catalyst for producing ethylene oxide which is superior in catalytic selectivity and catalytic life (durability). SOLUTION There is provided a catalyst for producing ethylene oxide having a catalyst component supported on a carrier, wherein the carrier has specific surface area of 0.5 to 1.3 m2/g, Si content (SiO2 equivalent) of 0.1 to 5.0% by mass and Na content (Na2O equivalent) of 0.05 to 1.0% by mass, and the catalyst component is silver (Ag), cesium (Cs), rhenium (Re) and tungsten (W) or molybdenum (Mo).

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a catalyst useful for the vapor phase production of ethylene oxide from ethylene and oxygen comprising the steps of providing a catalyst precursor comprising an inert support having a catalytically effective amount of a silver containing compound, a promoting amount of an alkali metal containing compound, and a promoting amount of a transition metal containing compound disposed thereon; and heating the catalyst precursor in a gas atmosphere for a first period of time and a second period of time, wherein for the first period of time the gas atmosphere is an inert gas atmosphere and the temperature range is from about 25° C. to about 600° C., and then in a second period of time the gas atmosphere is an oxygen-containing atmosphere and the second period temperature range is from about 350° C. to about 600° C.

Abstract: A catalyst for the production of ethylene oxide in high efficiency and high selectivity, as well as stably for a long period of time is provided. A catalyst for the production of ethylene oxide comprising silver and a reaction promoter supported on a porous carrier comprising ?-alumina as a main component, characterized in that a relative standard deviation of silver supporting rate of each particle of the catalyst is 0.001 or more and 0.1 or less.

Abstract: A catalyst for producing alkylene oxide including fine metal silver particles dispersed and supported on a carrier, wherein not less than 90% of the fine metal silver particles have silver particle diameters of 2 to 100 nm, is disclosed. The catalyst can be produced by impregnating a carrier with a liquid containing a silver compound or a silver ion; drying the carrier; and then irradiating the carrier with microwave to form fine metal silver particles in dispersed state on the carrier. This catalyst is used for producing olefin oxide by contact gas-phase oxidation of olefin by a molecular-oxygen-containing gas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing alkylene oxide addition products. The method according to the invention is characterized by (a) contacting ethylene and/or propylene with an oxidizing agent in a first structured reactor (“? reactor”) and (b) feeding the ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide so obtained, optionally after purification, to a second structured reactor where it is reacted with a compound having a nucleophilic molecular group.

Abstract: A catalyst for partial oxidation of olefin, which comprises silver or silver oxide and an alkali metal or a compound thereof supported on an ?-alumina carrier containing silicon or a compound thereof, wherein the silicon or the compound thereof exists at a position substantially identical to that of a particle of the alkali metal or the compound thereof, a preparation method thereof, and a process for preparing olefin oxide which comprises subjecting olefin to vapor-phase oxidation with a molecular oxygen-containing gas in the presence of the catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous process for producing an alkylene oxide by direct oxidation of an alkene with oxygen by reacting a mixture comprising alkene and oxygen in the presence of a silver-comprising catalyst for a run time ?t(i), wherein during the oxidation, the catalyst is additionally contacted at least once with a further mixture comprising ethanol for a run time ?t(ii), wherein the run time ?t(i)>?t(ii).

Abstract: We describe the preparation and characterization of two zinc hybrid luminescent structures based on the flexible and emissive linker molecule, trans-(4-R,4?-R?) stilbene, where R and R? are mono- or poly-coordinating groups, which retain their luminescence within these solid materials. For example, reaction of trans-4,4?-stilbenedicarboxylic acid and zinc nitrate in the solvent dimethylformamide (DMF) yielded a dense 2-D network featuring zinc in both octahedral and tetrahedral coordination environments connected by trans-stilbene links. Similar reaction in diethylformamide (DEF) at higher temperatures resulted in a porous, 3-D framework structure consisting of two interpenetrating cubic lattices, each featuring basic to zinc carboxylate vertices joined by trans-stilbene, analogous to the isoreticular MOF (IRMOF) series. We demonstrate that the optical properties of both embodiments correlate directly with the local ligand environments observed in the crystal structures.

Abstract: A plant and process for producing alkylene oxides to control the production of silver chloride on a high efficiency silver catalyst is disclosed and described. The process involves reacting an alkylene and an organic chloride gas phase promoter with oxygen over the high efficiency silver catalyst. The sulfur concentration in the alkylene oxide reactor feed is controlled to reduce the production of silver chloride which acts as a catalyst poison.

Abstract: A method of preparing a shaped catalyst, which method comprises molding a dough into shaped particles and drying the shaped particles, wherein the dough comprises a support material, or a precursor thereof, and a silver component; the shaped catalyst, and a use of the shaped catalyst.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process, comprising reacting ethylene and oxygen or a source of oxygen in the presence of a catalyst in a reactor to form a product comprising ethylene oxide, wherein the catalyst contains silver or silver compound and a support and the catalyst is in the form of particulate solids having a mean particle diameter from 1 to 1000 ?m and wherein the molar ratio of oxygen to ethylene is from 1:4 to 10:1.

Abstract: A process for the epoxidation of an olefin, which process comprises reacting a feed comprising an olefin, oxygen and an organic halide, in the presence of a catalyst comprising silver and rhenium deposited on a carrier, wherein the catalyst comprises rhenium in a quantity of at most 1.5 mmole/kg, relative to the weight of the catalyst, and at most 0.0015 mmole/m2, relative to the surface area of the carrier, and in which process the reaction temperature is increased to at least partly reduce the effect of loss of activity of the catalyst while the organic halide is present in a relative quantity Q which is maintained constant as defined herein.

Abstract: Process for preparing ethylene oxide by catalytic gas phase oxidation of ethylene with oxygen, in which the reaction is performed in 5 to 50 reaction zones connected in series under adiabatic conditions, and reactor system for carrying out the process.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process comprising reacting ethylene and oxygen or a source of oxygen in a process microchannel in the presence of a catalyst to form a product comprising ethylene oxide.

Abstract: The present invention provides: a fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor, which can stably produce an aimed product for a long period when a solid particulate material such as a catalyst is packed and used for each substance; and its usage. The fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor comprises a plurality of reaction tubes that are packed with a solid particulate material and arranged in parallel, wherein the solid particulate material is weighed so as to be uniform volume, and is packed in each reaction tube in a packing time of not shorter than 30 seconds per liter.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a catalytic method of converting alkenes to epoxides. This method generally includes reacting alkenes with oxygen in the presence of a specific silver catalyst under conditions suitable to produce a yield of the epoxides. The specific silver catalyst is a silver nanocrystal having a plurality of surface planes, a substantial portion of which is defined by Miller indices of (100). The reaction is performed by charging a suitable reactor with this silver catalyst and then feeding the reactants to the reactor under conditions to carry out the reaction. The reaction may be performed in batch, or as a continuous process that employs a recycle of any unreacted alkenes. The specific silver catalyst has unexpectedly high selectivity for epoxide products. Consequently, this general method (and its various embodiments) will result in extraordinarily high epoxide yields heretofore unattainable.

Abstract: A simplified method of operating an alkylene oxide production process that utilizes a high efficiency silver catalyst is shown and described. The method accounts for declining catalyst activity that occurs as the catalyst ages by making alternating changes to the reaction temperature and an overall chloriding effectiveness parameter.

Abstract: A carrier for a catalyst useful for the epoxidation of an olefin which comprises an inert, refractory solid carrier is provided. The carrier has no or little absolute volume from small pores, of less than 1 micrometer, and large pores, of above 5 micrometer. By “no or little absolute volume from small pores of less than 1 micron” it is meant that the pore volume of such pores is less than 0.20 ml/g. By “no or little absolute volume from large pores of above 5 micron” it is meant that the pore volume of such pores is less than 0.20 ml/g. The invention further provides a catalyst useful for the epoxidation of an olefin supported on such a carrier and a process for the oxidation of an olefin, especially ethylene, to an olefin oxide, especially ethylene oxide.

Abstract: There is provided a catalyst carrier comprising a refractory inorganic material having a sodium solubilization rate no greater than 5 ppmw/5 minutes. There is further a catalyst comprising a refractory inorganic material carrier having a sodium solubilization rate no greater than 5 ppmw/5 minutes; and one or more catalytically reactive metals deposited on said carrier. There is also provided a catalyst suitable for the vapor phase production of alkylene oxide from olefins and oxygen comprising an alumina-based carrier having a sodium solubilization rate no greater than 5 ppmw/5 minutes; and catalytically reactive silver deposited on said carrier.

Abstract: This invention involves highly porous, stable metal oxide felt materials that are used as catalytic supports for a number of different applications including dehydrogenation of light paraffins to olefins, selective hydrogenation of dienes to olefins, hydrogenation of carboxylic acids, oxidation or ammoxidation reactions, epoxidation of light olefins and removal of sulfur compounds from gas streams.

Abstract: A carrier for a catalyst useful for the epoxidation of an olefin which comprises an inert, refractory solid carrier is provided. The carrier has no or little absolute volume from small pores, of less than 1 micrometer, and large pores, of above 5 micrometer. By “no or little absolute volume from small pores of less than 1 micron” it is meant that the pore volume of such pores is less than 0.20 ml/g. By “no or little absolute volume from large pores of above 5 micron” it is meant that the pore volume of such pores is less than 0.20 ml/g. The invention further provides a catalyst useful for the epoxidation of an olefin supported on such a carrier and a process for the oxidation of an olefin, especially ethylene, to an olefin oxide, especially ethylene oxide.

Abstract: A carrier that may be used in the manufacture of an olefin epoxidation catalyst is provided that is prepared from a process involving depositing boron on the carrier and subsequently calcining the carrier. Also provided is an olefin epoxidation catalyst comprising a silver component deposited on such a calcined carrier. Also provided is a process for the epoxidation of an olefin employing such a catalyst and a process for producing a 1,2-diol, a 1,2-diol ether, or an alkanolamine employing the olefin oxide.