Abstract: A filtering screen comprises a fine woven wirecloth filtering mesh (4) disposed above a coarse woven wirecloth support mesh (2). An intermediate woven wirecloth mesh (3) is disposed between the fine woven mesh (4) and the coarse woven mesh (2), the intermediate mesh (3) extending over a proportion of the area of the screen at or towards the rear thereof, said proportion being in the range of 20% to 40% of the area of the screen, and preferably substantially one third of the area of the screen.

Abstract: The invention provides a gas turbine intake air filter unit, wherein flow resistance of intake air passing through a tertiary filter layer does not become unreasonably great despite the filter layers are increased from two stages to three stages, and a balance of collecting efficiency of the filter layers and the intake air flow resistance is optimized. A weather louver 10, a primary filter layer 11, a secondary filter layer 12, and a tertiary filter layer 13 are sequentially disposed from an upstream side in the filter unit 1 installed at an upstream side end portion of an intake duct 2 communicating with a gas turbine 3, at least a recess 13e is formed toward a downstream side of the intake air flow A′ on an end face filter layer portion 13a that is a constituent of the tertiary filter layer 13 and is disposed orthogonally to the intake air flow A′ inside the intake duct 2.

Abstract: A honeycomb structure comprising at least one main honeycomb structure 10 and sub-honeycomb structures 21, 22 axially disposed, in series, on both end surfaces of the main honeycomb structure 10. Partial plugs 15 are constituted for some of the cells 11 of the main honeycomb structure 10 by facing the intersecting portions of partitioning walls 211, surrounding the cells of the sub-honeycomb structure 21 disposed adjacent to the main honeycomb structure with some of the cells of main honeycomb structure, and the arrangement of the partial plugs 15 at one end surface 101 of the main honeycomb structure differs from that at the other end surface of the main honeycomb structure 10.

Abstract: A particulate filter for an exhaust system having an exhaust flow and a nominal flow area includes a housing and a plurality of plates arranged parallel to each other within the housing. Each plate has a plurality of orifices and a plurality of micropockets configured to trap exhaust particulates.

Abstract: A combined filter for removing an aqueous fluid and entities, such as bacteria, existing in such aqueous fluid, from a nonaqueous fluid is described. The combined filter consists of a hydrophilic filter and a hydrophobic filter that are arranged in fluid communication and serially to be placed along the flow path of a fluid. The hydrophilic filter and the hydrophobic filter may touch one another or be located some distance from one another. Also, a structure may be inserted into the space between the hydrophilic filter and the hydrophobic filter that will maintain the space between the hydrophilic filter and the hydrophobic filter without significantly restricting the flow of fluid. And, in one embodiment, the combined filter may be composed simply of material having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic characteristics on the molecular level. Preferably, however, the filters and spacing structure are contained within an encasement having an inlet and an outlet.

Abstract: A filtered air vent has a housing with an inlet and outlet, at least one set of spaced apart airflow control elements extending across the housing elements, spaces between the elements, and a pleated filter disposed within the housing. The filter has alternating first and second pleats that open up in opposite first and second directions, respectively. In one exemplary embodiment of the invention, at least a portion of the pleats that open in a first one of the directions are disposed across the spaces between the elements. The filter may be made from a washable filter material such as, for example, woven polypropylene. The elements in one embodiment of the invention are rotatable blades of a damper disposed within the housing and each of the blades are disposed within a corresponding one of the pleats that open in the second direction.

Abstract: The width of at least one felt out of a plurality of felts (22 to 24) is formed of ceramic fibers superposed between two wire nets (26, 27) for a heater is made to be narrower than the width w of the wire nets for heater (26, 27), and the width of other felts (22, 24) is made to be the same as the width w of the wire nets (26, 27) for the heater. A superposed body (28) of the wire nets (26, 27) for a heater and the felts (22 to 24) is bent lengthwise to form a tube (21) having a petal shape in section, and a metal frame (31) is connected to both ends of the tube (21).

Abstract: A spiral wound filter element is disclosed which includes alternating layers of filter medium and diffusion medium wrapped about a cylindrical core defining a central axis of the filter element. The alternating layers extend from a radially innermost layer of the filter element to a radially outermost layer of the filter element, the diffusion medium is defined by a continuous lengthwise sheet of mesh material, and the filter medium is defined by at least one sheet of filter material arranged along the length of the continuous sheet of mesh material. The alternating layers of filter medium and diffusion medium define three distinct radially disposed layered filtering sections surrounding the cylindrical core, and include a first filtering section having radially outer prequalifying layers, a second filtering section having middle prequalifying layers and a third filtering section having radially inner qualifying layers.

Abstract: A combined filter for removing an aqueous fluid and entities, such as bacteria, existing in such aqueous fluid, from a nonaqueous fluid is described. The combined filter consists of a hydrophilic filter and a hydrophobic filter that are arranged in fluid communication and serially to be placed along the flow path of a fluid. The hydrophilic filter and the hydrophobic filter may touch one another or be located some distance from one another. Also, a structure may be inserted into the space between the hydrophilic filter and the hydrophobic filter that will maintain the space between the hydrophilic filter and the hydrophobic filter without significantly restricting the flow of fluid. And, in one embodiment, the combined filter may be composed simply of material having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic characteristics on the molecular level. Preferably, however, the filters and spacing structure are contained within an encasement having an inlet and an outlet.

Abstract: An air filtration system which is adapted to filter contaminants and is intended for use with a bed having a head area, comprising, one or more air intake ports adapted to be located under the bed; one or more fans adapted to be located under the bed and downstream of the intake port; a first air filter downstream of the intake port; and one or more conduits, downstream of the air intake port, at least one of which is capable of transporting air filtered by the first filter towards one or more air outlet ports located proximate the head area.

Abstract: A filter arrangement includes a housing having first and second stage regions of filtering. The air flows through an inlet and into a first chamber having a cross-sectional area larger than the inlet. The air expands and particles drop to the bottom of the chamber. The air then passes through the first stage filter media. Additional particles are trapped by the filter media and dropped to the bottom of the first chamber. The air then flows into a second chamber and then through a second stage filter arrangement. Additional particles are removed in the second stage filter arrangement. The air is then exhausted. One preferred application is in a shop-vacuum. Methods of cleaning air and changing out the filters are provided herein.

Abstract: A filter element includes a filter media having an array of filter media panel members which are oriented at an angle of about 45° with respect to the air stream and are spaced so that the upstream edges of the panels overlap the downstream edges. Consequently, the air stream must pass through two panel members before exiting the filter element. The filter element may also include a secondary filter media in the form of a mat disposed over the downstream edges of the panel members. The filter element is used for filtering cabin air for vehicles or for other similar purposes as well as for filtering engine combustion air.

Abstract: An improved filter system and method for filtering the gaseous environment of an incubator in which volatile organic compounds and particulate material are filtered from the gaseous environment. A filter is provided which includes a first filter medium to filter volatile organic compounds and a second filter medium to filter solid particulate material. A pump may be provided which draws a gas stream from the gaseous environment of the incubator and passes it through the filter. The pump and filter may be contained within a filter unit which may be used either internally or externally of the incubator.

Abstract: A self-cleaning particle filter for Diesel engines is provided. The filter includes a filter housing, control circuitry, a removable filter sandwich and independent power source. The removable filter sandwich includes a number of sintered metal strips sewn and positioned between two sheets of inorganic material to provide a filter sandwich. Current is delivered to the metal filter strips to efficiently burn off carbon, lube oil and unburned fuel particulates which have been filtered from exhaust gas. The filter sandwich is formed into a cylindrical configuration and mounted onto a perforated metal carrier tube for receiving and filtering exhaust gas.

Abstract: An apparatus for the removal of particulate matter from the gaseous product stream of an entrained flow coal gasifier which apparatus includes an initial screen, an intermediate screen which is aligned with the direction of flow of the gaseous product stream and a final screen transversely disposed to the flow of gaseous product and which apparatus is capable of withstanding at least a pressure differential of about 10 psi (68.95 kPa) or greater at the temperatures of the gaseous product stream.

Abstract: An air dehumidifying apparatus having a cyclone separator, a primary filter, a secondary filter, and a separation membrane element made of a special high polymer for passing steam smoothly and hardly passing air. The elements of the apparatus are disposed in a flow direction of air, so that the air may pass sequentially. Also, a casing is provided for forming an outer wall of the cyclone separator and accommodating the primary and secondary filter and separation membrane element. Large particles of oil, moisture, dust and other foreign matter are removed by the cyclone separator. As a result, the life of the primary filter is extended. By putting the filters and separation membrane element into one casing, the apparatus is reduced in size, and is installed easily.

Abstract: A self-cleaning particle filter for Diesel engines is provided. The filter includes a filter housing, control circuitry, a removable filter cartridge and independent power source. The removable filter cartridge includes a number of sintered metal strips sewn to a sheet of inorganic material to provide a filter sandwich. Current is delivered to the metal filter strips to efficiently burn off carbon, lube oil and unburned fuel particulates which have been filtered from exhaust gas.

Abstract: Described is a mist collector arrangement for gas washers etc. having in gas flow direction a downstream and an upstream mist collector layer. The profiles of the successively arranged rows of the downstream and upstream mist collector layers are positioned oppositely with respect to one another in gas flow direction. In this manner an improved cleaning effect is obtained when periodically rinsing the mist collectors.

Abstract: A high capacity marine separator (30) is disclosed which uses a first stage formed by an inertial vane separator (32), a second stage formed by a coalescer stage (36) and a third stage formed by an inertial vane separator (34). The coalescer stage (36) is canted from vertical relative to the air flow direction which increases the surface area for air flow, increases the drainage rate of water from the coalescer section and provides an improved air flow distribution to the second inertial vane separator with higher velocities near the top of the second inertial vane separator. The inertial vane separators (32, 34) have flush cavities to reduce obstruction to air flow and have vanes that are greater than three inches in wavelength and spaced greater than one inch apart. The marine separator is capable of flow velocities of 50 standard feet per second.

Abstract: A hollow, cylindrical, resin-bonded filter cartridge has an inner, depth-type filter media with a graded density which decreases (becomes porous) in the radial direction from the inner surface to the outer surface. An outer strip of filter media is then wound in a spiral or helix around the inner filter media. The outer filter media is also a depth type of filter media and has uniform density and is wound with adjacent windings abutting one another such that a continuous groove or channel is provided along the length of the cartridge. The groove or channel provides a greater effective surface area on the outer surface of the filter cartridge. The outer strip of filter media preferably comprises a lengthwise-extending body panel with a pair of leaves extending along either edge of the body panel. The leaves are folded against the lower surface of the outer filter media to provide a multi-layer outer filter media structure.

Abstract: There is provided a fiber bed for removing liquid aerosols and soluble solids from a gas stream in a fiber bed mist eliminator. The fiber bed is in the form of a flexible mat having a void fraction of greater than about 0.89 and greater than about 700 net collection targets. The mat includes a layer of collecting fibers having an average fiber diameter between about 1 and about 5 .mu.m. The collecting fibers are stabilized by a plurality of stabilizing fibers which penetrate into and are disposed interstitially within the collecting fiber layer. The improved fiber bed of the present invention is field-replaceable and, by utilizing fibers having a small average diameter, the thickness of the fiber bed may be reduced.

Abstract: A paint arrestor for absorbing paint overspray comprises a series of layers of sheet material, each of the layers being slit and expanded to define an array of air spaces distributed in columns. The air spaces alternate in size from column to column and repeat in size in every other column. Means are provided for securing the layers in contiguous, overlying relationship with one another.

Abstract: An oil delivery prevention device for a horizontal type rotary compressor for use in a refrigerating system. The device effectively separates the mixed gas into oil and refrigerant gas and prevents the oil from delivery along with the refrigerant gas to the refrigerating cycle. The oil delivery prevention device comprises at least three oil separating nets placed in a motor outer space inside a compressor casing and spaced out at regular intervals. Each of the first and third nets comprises a doughnut net part, a shielding plate provided on a center hole of the doughnut net part and an oil port formed on a lower center of the doughnut net part. The second oil separating net comprises a doughnut shielding plate, a net part provided on a center hole of the doughnut shielding plate and an oil port formed on a lower center of the doughnut shielding plate. The spaces formed between the spaced nets prevent interference between the refrigerant gas and the oil.

Abstract: Filter media used for removing foreign matter from an air stream flowing therethrough, which includes a pair of first and second generally flat sheets of filtering material extending in generally parallel relation to one another with a spacing therebetween. The first and second sheets are each formed with a plurality of dimples extending, respectively, inwardly toward the other of the sheets for abutment therewith to maintain the spacing between the sheets, and the dimples in one of the sheets are spaced from one another along the extending length thereof and are also spaced from the corresponding dimples in the other sheet, with such spacing preferably being equal. Also, adjacent pairs of such filter media sheets are arranged so that the dimples in the facing surfaces of adjacent pairs are offset from one another whereby clumps of foreign matter do not tend to collect and become anchored in opposed crevices formed by the dimples.

Abstract: Filter apparatus with a filter cartridge disposed in a compression-proof and pressure-sealed housing. The housing for the filter cartridge comprises two tubular cylinders, each of which having at least one opening of the same size, where both cylinders touch in such a manner that the inner surface of the outer of the two cylinders rests against the outer surface of the inner cylinder, and the inner cylinder envelops the filter cartridge, and that the outer of the two cylinders can be rotated in such a manner around the inner cylinder around a common axis of rotation that the opening of the inner cylinder can be brought coincidence with the opening of the outer cylinder.

Abstract: An exhaust-gas filter, for example a soot-particle filter, has a filter element which has inlet passages for the raw gas and outlet passages for the clean gas. In order as far as possible to prevent clogging of the filter over the running time caused by deposits on the filter walls, the raw-gas passages are configured with a larger cross-section than the clean-gas passages.

Abstract: A multi-ply expandable filter media formed of obliquely oriented honeycomb organized into a ply or run having expandable honeycomb cells with one run oriented at, preferably an acute angle, of 30.degree. to 60.degree. relative to the cells of an adjacent run. Preferably, the respective plys or runs are arranged in relative parallel planes defining a planar space therebetween. There is provided means for collapsing the filter media into a closed compressed, transportable state, and when ready for use as a filter media, to allow the same to be expanded and pulled open and to be constrained in an preselected, open, expanded position so that the cross-sectional area of each cell is thereby substantially increased. In this manner, the juxtaposed, open plys allow directional change for airflow flowing through the filter media, encouraging deposits of air-borne material to become attached to the wall surfaces of the family of cells of each run or ply.

Abstract: Filters, catalytic converters and the like, for separating particulate matter and/or other constituents from a stream of gas or liquid so arranged that substantially all of the fluid passing through the filter must pass through separation material which permits the passage of the fluid therethrough while separating out and retaining the selected substances. Continuums of material are arranged parallel to each other in planar arrays, with periodic spacings between the continuums in each array. Such arrays are superimposed to form a "laminated" grouping, with each continuum in each array angularly oriented with respect to and in contact with the continuums in each next adjacent array which that continuum crosses. Internal distribution paths for the fluid thereby formed by the spacings between the continuums include passageways which extend laterally within each layer and cross-array or translaminar distribution channels produced by aggregations of intersecting paths of the lateral array channels.

Abstract: An exhaust gas cleaning device is constructed of a honeycomb core body. The honeycomb core body has been formed by superposing a planar band made of a metal sheet and a corrugated band made from another metal sheet one over the other in a contiguous relationship and then rolling the thus-superposed bands into a multi-layered spiral form. The honeycomb core body defines a number of network-patterned axial gas flow passages and is adapted to carry an exhaust gas cleaning catalyst. The honeycomb core body is divided into a central honeycomb core section of a smaller diameter and an outer honeycomb core section of a larger diameter. A separator is interposed between an outer peripheral wall of the central honeycomb core section and an inner peripheral wall of the outer honeycomb core section. The outer honeycomb core section may be divided further into plural honeycomb core sub-sections having different diameters and a additional separator may be interposed between each two adjacent core sub-sections.

Abstract: The filter of the present invention continually provides the passenger compartment of a vehicle with a supply of purified air, even in the most severe environmental conditions. The filter comprises an inlet surface, an outlet surface, walls which define a plurality of passages which extend from the inlet surface to the outlet surface, and a filtration means for removing the impurities from the fluid. The filter preferably can be subdivided into a plurality of layers, including an inlet layer, an intermediate layer, an outlet layer. Each layer includes a plurality of cells, the cells having walls with a generally curvilinear shape. A plurality of the passages are preferably in fluid communication with a plurality of other passages. Surface filtration is used to remove the impurities from the fluid flowing through the passages.

Abstract: An exhaust gas cleaning device is constructed of a honeycomb core body. The honeycomb core body is formed by superposing a planar band made of a metal sheet and a corrugated band made from another metal sheet, one over the other in a contiguous relationship, and then rolling the thus-superposed planar band and corrugated band together into a multilayered spiral form, defines a number of network-patterned axial gas flow passages, and is further processed to carry an exhaust gas cleaning catalyst thereon. The honeycomb core body defines, along the central axis of rolling thereof, an open cylindrical hollow space of a diameter .phi..sub.2 satisfying the following formula: ##EQU1## wherein .phi..sub.1 is the outer diameter of the honeycomb core body, and.phi..sub.2 is the outer diameter of the cylindrical hollow space.In other aspects of the invention, reinforcing cylinders or ribs are disposed to strengthen the overall structure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to engine manufacture. An air cleaner which comprises a housing (1) with an air-supply pipe (2) forming an annular clearance (3). A main filtering member (5) is placed in the clearance (3) and in close vicinity to the opening (13) of the air-supply pipe (2) and additional filtering member (14). According to the invention the filtering member (14) has a recess (15) which is coaxial to the pipe (2) on the surface (16). The size of the recess (15) on the surface (16) is greater than the diameter of the pipe (2).It is preferably to use the air cleaner in an engine operating in unfavorable conditions with vapors of oil and soot.

Abstract: The invention is a filter apparatus and method for separating suspended solids from fluids, particularly liquids. A filter chamber is defined inside a filter housing. Inside the chamber is a filter bundle, consisting of two or more filter screens, of a non-woven construction. Spaces between the filter screen strands provide channels for fluid to flow through the filter bundle along a tortuous path that is parallel to each screen. These spaces also define openings for directing a flushing fluid, such as air, in a crosswise direction through the filter screens. The crossflow path of the flushing fluid removes solid particles trapped in the channels of the filter screens.

Abstract: The filter of the present invention continually provides the passenger compartment of a vehicle with a supply of purified air, even in the most severe environmental conditions. The filter comprises an inlet surface, an outlet surface, walls which define a plurality of passages which extend from the inlet surface to the outlet surface, and a filtration means for removing the impurities from the fluid. The filter preferably can be subdivided into a plurality of layers, including an inlet layer, an intermediate layer, an outlet layer. Each layer includes a plurality of cells, the cells having walls with a generally curvilinear shape. A plurality of the passages are preferably in fluid communication with a plurality of other passages. Surface filtration is used to remove the impurities from the fluid flowing through the passages.

Abstract: A filter of a structure to remove extremely fine solid particulate matter suspended and carried by flowing compressed air which air stream has been previously treated so that it is essentially dry and liquid free. The filter is designed to operate efficiently on a continuous basis without prematurely clogging and is capable of removing all solid particulates larger than 1 micron mean diameter (0.00004 inches mean diameter) and a substantial number of particles of submicronic size.

Abstract: A filter of depth layer type comprises a generally cylindrical filter body formed by laminating filter elements each in the form of a thin sheet of a filtering material having a central hole, and these central holes provide a conduit extending in the axial direction through the filter body. The filter body has a density distribution in which the density is lowest at the outer peripheral area sewing as an inlet for a fluid to be filtered and becomes progressively higher toward the conduit to serving as an outlet for the fluid to be filtered.

Abstract: A tower packing cartridge is formed of strips of fabric-like material placed in face-to-face contact such that the planes of the strips are parallel to the general flow direction through the cartridge. The fabric-like material is formed of generally straight, relatively stiff strands of mono-filament material, arranged in a repeating pattern which is preferably generally triangular in cross section in both directions. The construction provides a substantially non-nestable structure when strips are placed in face-to-face contact, such that the cartridge has an extremely high void fraction. The fabric-like material, in itself known, when assembled in this manner, achieves unique and surprising results in relation to exceptional uniformity of flow distribution across the entire face of the cartridge while at the same time maintaining extremely high void fraction to keep energy losses at a minimum during operation.

Abstract: This invention relates to a fiber comprising a major amount of a continous phase comprising one or more melt processible polyesters of fiber forming molecular weight, and a minor amount of one or more polyolefins non-uniformly dispersed in said continuous phase such that the concentration of polyolefins at or near the surface of said fiber is greater than the concentration of polyesters at or near the surface of said fiber, and a process for preparing said fiber.

Abstract: A variegated density mist eliminator pad for use in gas-liquid contacting devices for the removal of mists from a mist-containing gas stream which pad comprises a plurality of fibrous elements such as a knitted or woven mesh having open areas for the flow of the gas stream therethrough and characterized by defined adjacent regions of different, i.e. high and low, fiber density with the direction of density variation generally perpendicular to the direction of gas flow, the high density region within the pad permitting enhanced drainage of coalesced liquid, and a method of preparing the high and low density regions through a nesting and non-nesting relationship of fibrous layers.

Abstract: A molecular differentiation filter for filtering particles in the sub-mil range comprises a body having two chambers, a first chamber and a second chamber, the first and second chambers being defined by a chamber dividing member. The filter also comprises an inlet that is in communication with the second chamber, an outlet that is in communication with the first chamber, and a plurality of coaxial, stacked discs mounted onto the chamber dividing member, the plurality of discs resides entirely in the second chamber. The discs comprise alternating filtering discs and separation discs, wherein each of the filtering discs is a generally smooth-surfaced disc that has a filtering perimetrical edge and a plurality of substantially identical filtrate holes spaced inwardly from the perimetrical edge.

Abstract: A filter element adapted to be incorporated in filter devices such as air filter, oil filter and fuel filter is disclosed which includes a pair of end plates and a filter material folded so as to form a series of pleats and disposed between the end plates to define a hollow cylinder having outer and inner circumferences. The space between the circumferences is divided into at least six areas to contain the pleats with symmetrical pattern. Each of the areas includes a group of the inner ridges, through which the pleats are connected to each other, arranged substantially along the pleat in the adjacent area to thereby vary the length of the pleats connected through the inner ridges of the group.

Abstract: The exhaust gas particle filter has a parabola shaped recess in the core ensuring that the inlet flow of the exhaust gases is directed towards the central filter part. The latter has a lower degree of separation relative to the outer filter part--caused by increased filter porosity and smaller mass--so that the exhaust gases flow through the central filter part in the initial phase. Its larger filter porosity and the small mass cause the temperature reduction of the exhaust gas flowing through to remain small so that a downstream supercharger can respond rapidly. Since the separation of soot particles initially occurs primarily in the central filter part, rapid deposition occurs--despite its low degree of separation--so that the resistance during the operation following the acceleration phase becomes similar to that of the surrounding outer filter part. The latter then offers the capacity of separating soot particles over a longer period without regeneration.

Abstract: A filter element suitable for use in a filter device such as air cleaner, oil filter or fuel filter for an automobile is disclosed. It includes a pair of end plates and a filter paper which is disposed between the end plates and folded so as to form rectangular-shaped sections, thus folded filter paper forming a hollow cylinder. The cylinder is divided into a plurality of portion areas by virtual planes extending in the radial direction thereof, and the rectangular-shaped sections in each of the portion areas are arranged such that every other sections are maintained in a parallel relation with predetermined spaces therebetween.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a fluid filter apparatus and more particularly to an improved fluid filter apparatus in which a plurality of disc-like filter elements or pads is preferably mounted on a perforated tubing, although, it can work without the tubing. Each filter element is a disc-like member having a hole cut in the center and is made of a filtering type material such as fiberglass, paper or felt. Each element is cut in a pattern such as a square, triangle or hexagon whose sides are straight or curvilinear which can be cut without waste. Adjacent stacked disc filter elements are orientated such that the configuration of two adjacent filter elements does not coincide. For example, in regard to a square type configuration filter element, adjacent elements are preferably rotated 45.degree. with respect to each other from their aligned position.

Abstract: A fluid filtering device in various embodiments is disclosed. The filter includes, in one embodiment, alternating layers (34', 36') of corrugated filter media which are rolled together and sealed at alternate ends by sealant (38, 42) forming longitudinal flutes and transverse inter-flute passageways. Further embodiments disclose filter packs (112, 212, 312) of alternating layers of oppositely oriented corrugated filter media. In one embodiment, flutes of successive layers are aligned in parallel. In an alternate embodiment flutes are aligned orthogonally. Unfiltered fluids enter tubular passages (44) for example, and must exit by adjacent passages either above, below or beside the flute of entry to exit the filter. Filtering occurs when the fluid crosses a sidewall of filter media.

Abstract: A fiber bed separator formed of a bed of staple fibers is provided. A discontinuity is created within the bed of fibers at a selected location to improve the drainage of liquids from the fiber bed.

Abstract: A reusable air filter system for providing permanent, self-charging, electrostatic filter stages that are easily cleanable for re-use. The filter system may be used on air conditioners, furnaces, and grease hoods. A frame is circumscribed about the edges of a plurality of polypropylene filter elements. At least one stage of the filter is three dimensional in shape and folded over on itself to retain its filtering characteristics and to provide a dual biasing device for use with the filter stages upstream of the three dimensional filter. The folded three dimensional filter is not creased, thus providing an additional biasing element in the filter system.

Abstract: A packing (11) consists of laminated grids (a,b, . . . ) placed directly against each other. Each grid (a,b, . . . ) consists of approximately zigzag-shaped laminated strips (13-17) which run in the direction of the flow (22), are inclined towards the grid plane and are formed jointly in one piece with areal crossing points (b 18). The laminated strips (13-17) have recesses (20, 21) at the outer edges of the crossing points (18). In this way, it is achieved that the liquid phase flowing down on a laminated strip to a crossing point is directed, at least partially, across the crossing point to the adjacent laminated strip. The packing which can be produced in a simple and inexpensive way has a high specific surface and distributes the liquid on all sides transversely to the direction of the flow (22) whereby the turbulence required for the surface renewal develops at the crossing points of the grids.

Abstract: A strainer device for railroad car air brake combined dirt collector and cut out cocks, and arranged to be applied within the swirl chamber of such cocks, and between the collector bowl, about the pedestal thereof, and the lip of the cock throat chamber, which strainer device comprises an outer shell that is open and flanged at both ends, with one end of the outer shell being disposed adjacent the throat lip, an annular seal applied between the said outer shell one end and the throat lip, an inner shell disposed within the outer shell and secured at the other end of the outer shell and adapted to receive the cock collector chamber pedestal, and a compression spring received about the pedestal within the cock collector bowl and resiliently seated against the outer shell end flange at that end of same for spring biasing the other end of the outer shell and the seal against the throat lip.

Abstract: A dust collecting filter is provided with a zigzag shaped filter member having small meshes and comparatively large flowing resistance, which is disposed within a casing so that the zigzag shaped cross section thereof extends in the fluid flowing direction. Other filter members having comparatively small flowing resistance are charged within the spaces defined by the zigzag shaped filter member.