Abstract: The present invention discloses systems, devices, and methods for symphasic closed-cycle heat exchange, applicable to processes for extraction of compounds from biological materials, such as cannabis and other plants; said systems, devices, and methods incorporating a closed-cycle refrigeration circuit to provide energy savings and other improvements over existing single loop closed-cycle extraction processes.

Abstract: A cryogenic solid-liquid extractor comprises a reboiler for evaporating an extraction solvent; a cryogenic heat exchanger for condensing the vaporized extraction solvent to a liquid extraction solvent by passing the vaporized extraction solvent through a container cooled by a cryogenic cooling agent comprising a mixture of a cryogenic solvent and a compressed, liquified or solidified gas to cool the extraction solvent to a temperature below the freezing point of water and above the freezing point of the extraction solvent; a cryogenic extractor for passing the condensed liquid extraction solvent through a solid organic material to extract solvent-soluble material, but not water-soluble material, from the solid organic material, wherein the cryogenic solid-liquid extractor returns the condensed liquid extraction solvent containing extracted material to the reboiler to repeat the vaporization and condensation cycle.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition, comprising (i) a compound comprising at least one carbohydrate and containing at least one sulphate, in combination with (ii) at least one non-protein or non-NA-strand compound, different from (i), that can activate PPAR, preferably PPAR?, and (iii) optionally, at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Preferably, the sulphated compounds include single sulphur containing agents like MSM or multiple sulphur containing agents like pentosan, Adequan®. The second part of the composition, is a PPAR? agonists chosen from the group of thiazolidinediones, NSAIDs, sulphonylureas and indoles, like for example indomethacin or pioglitazone.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing cholesterol from fish oil, including the following steps: (a) distilling fish oil in a vacuum distillation column to obtain a first residue and a first distillate, (b) distilling the first distillate in a vacuum distillation column to obtain a second distillate and a second residue, (c) contacting the second residue with an alkali to produce a saponified mixture, (d) contacting the saponified mixture with a non-polar organic solvent or a mixture of non-polar organic solvents to produce an organic phase and an aqueous phase, (e) separating the organic phase from the aqueous phase, (f) cooling the organic phase to form a solid phase and a liquid phase, and (g) separating the solid phase from the organic phase, wherein the separated solid phase includes cholesterol.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing a cholesterol concentrate including the steps of (a) distilling a fish oil having no more than 2% free fatty acids in an admixture with an auxiliary fluid in a vacuum distillation column to obtain a first distillate and a first residue; and (b) distilling the first distillate in a vacuum distillation column to obtain a second distillate and a second residue, wherein the second residue includes the cholesterol concentrate.

Abstract: Lipids can be extracted from a microbial biomass that constitutes at least 20% lipids by weight and has a moisture content of less than 4% by weight by applying pressure to the biomass so as to release lipids therefrom, thereby leaving a biomass of reduced lipid content; and collecting the lipids.

Abstract: The present invention is in the field of organic and natural product chemistry. The present invention relates to an efficient process for purification, simultaneous extraction, and separation of monohydroxycarotenoids from dihydroxycarotenoids in various natural products or in synthetic mixtures. Similarly, the process can also be applied to the simultaneous extraction, saponification, and separation of esterified mono- and dihydroxycarotenoids in natural products and their oleoresins or in their synthetic mixtures. Therefore, esterified and unesterified monohydroxycarotenoids such as (3R)-?-cryptoxanthin and (3R,6?R)-?-cryptoxanthin can be efficiently separated from their corresponding dihydroxycarotenoids such as (3R,3?R,6?R)-lutein and (3R,3?R)-zeaxanthin that are found in various plants or in synthetic mixtures.

Abstract: The invention provides a process and reactor system for the production of biodiesel from lamb fats using enzymatic catalysis. Preferably the process comprises two advantageously integrated stages, first of removing fat from the animal meat and second of reacting the removed fat in an enzymatic biodiesel production stage.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to processes for preparing oil compositions having a high concentration of poly-unsaturated fatty acids and oil compositions having a low concentration of ?-linolenic acid. In addition, the present invention is directed to processes for preparing oil compositions having advantageous stability characteristics.

Abstract: A potato treatment composition and method assists in the suberization process. In accord with the preferred embodiment, a potato treatment composition incorporates organic material, which may be derived from organic waste or residue, preferably from oilseed hulls and most preferably from ground or powdered oilseed sunflower seed hulls, into powder compositions. In addition to the organic material, metal stearates such as calcium stearate and zinc stearate may also be incorporated for substantial additional fugitive dust reduction.

Abstract: Methods and related systems efficiently and effectively recover a significant amount of valuable, useable oil from byproducts formed during a dry milling process used for producing ethanol. The method may include forming a concentrate from the byproduct and recovering oil from the concentrate. The step of forming the concentrate may comprise evaporating the byproduct using a multi-stage evaporator, as well as recovering the oil before the final stage of the evaporator. Further, the step of recovering oil from the concentrate may comprise using a centrifuge and, in particular, a disk stack centrifuge. Other aspects include related methods and subsystems for recovering oil.

Abstract: A process for extracting fats and oils from plant and animal matter using a normally gaseous solvent in its liquid state. Use is made of gravity flow and pressure differential from one vessel to another to transfer solvent from an upper vessel to a lower vessel. The vessels comprise an outer jacket to allow cooling and heating fluid to flow there-through to achieve better control of the pressure within each vessel.

Abstract: A method is provided for the use of a chemical additive to improve the separation of oil from the process stream (whole stillage, thin stillage or syrup) generated as a byproduct in corn to ethanol production.

Abstract: The present invention provides a supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) process for extracting oil of kenaf seed (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), wherein the SFE process utilizes a supercritical fluid and is conducted in a pressure ranging from 200 to 600 bars with a temperature ranging from 40 to 80° C.

Abstract: A method of removing a nonpolar solvent from a fluid volume that includes at least one nonpolar compound, such as a fat, an oil or a triglyceride, is provided. The method comprises contacting a fluid volume with an expanding gas to expand the nonpolar solvent and form a gas-expanded solvent. The gas-expanded solvent may have a substantially reduced density in comparison to the at least one nonpolar compound and/or a substantially reduced capacity to solubilize the nonpolar compound, causing the nonpolar compounds to separate from the gas-expanded nonpolar solvent into a separate liquid phase. The liquid phase including the at least one nonpolar compound may be separated from the gas-expanded solvent using conventional techniques. After separation of the liquid phase, at least one of the temperature and pressure may be reduced to separate the nonpolar solvent from the expanding gas such that the nonpolar solvent may be recovered and reused.

Abstract: A method for extracting an unsaponifiable fraction from a renewable raw material selected among oilfruits, oleaginous seeds, oleoproteaginous seeds, seed husks, oil-yielding almonds, sprouts, stones and cuticles of fruits, high-fat raw materials from animals, algae, fungus or yeast, includes the following steps: a) dehydrating and packaging the renewable raw material, not resulting in any extraction of the fat; b) reactive crushing of the fatty packaged raw material in the presence of a light alcohol and a catalyst; c) evaporating the light alcohol; d) concentrating the liquid phase such as to obtain a concentrate including the unsaponifiable fraction diluted in fatty acid alkyl esters; e) saponifying the unsaponifiable concentrate; f) extracting the unsaponifiable fraction from the saponified mixture. The use of an unsaponifiable fraction or co-products obtained by implementing the method for preparing a composition such as a cosmetic, drug, food, or food additive or supplement is also described.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a process for producing 20-carbon fatty acids from a plant seed oil, the process comprising: a) providing a plant seed oil comprising fatty acids, wherein the fatty acids include 18-carbon fatty acids; and b) elongating the fatty acids by two carbon atoms to produce a composition comprising 20-carbon fatty acids.

Abstract: There is provided a process for reducing the free fatty acid content of natural oils by contacting the crude natural oil with a solvent to produce an oil product phase substantially depleted in free fatty acids and a free fatty acid rich solvent phase containing the extracted free fatty acids and some of the glycerides, and processing the free fatty acid rich solvent phase with a membrane to recover the glycerides from the solvent phase, comprising the steps of: (a) contacting the crude natural oil with an immiscible solvent; (b) separating the deacidifed natural oil phase from the solvent phase; (c) providing a selectively permeable membrane having a first surface and a second surface; (d) transferring a portion of the solvent and a portion of the free fatty acids and a lesser portion of the glycerides from the first surface to the second surface across the membrane by contacting the free fatty acid rich solvent phase with the first surface, wherein the pressure at the first surface is greater than the press

Abstract: This invention is directed to a process for separating a solute from a solute-bearing material. A substantial amount of solute is extracted from the solute-bearing material by contacting particles of the solute-bearing material with globules of an extraction solvent. The particle size of the solute-bearing material and the globule size of the extraction solvent are balanced such that little if any solute or extraction solvent remains in the solute-bearing material.

Abstract: A method of obtaining a solid component rich in a petroselinic compound from the seed of a plant of the Apiaceae or Araliaceae families, the method comprising: (a) treating a portion of the seed of the plant with an extraction solvent; and (b) inducing formation of the solid component.

Abstract: A process for purifying a lipid composition having predominantly neutral lipid components having at least one long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid is disclosed. The process employs contacting the lipid composition with a polar solvent, such as acetone, wherein the solvent is selected such that contaminants are less soluble in the solvent than is the long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid. The process is typically conducted at cooler temperatures, including about 0° C. Upon precipitation of the contaminants from the lipid composition, a separation is conducted to remove the precipitated material from the lipid composition. The long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids can include ARA, DPA, EPA, and/or DHA. The process of the present invention effectively winterizes lipid compositions, thereby reducing the tendency of such compositions to become hazy.

Abstract: A process for extracting seed-oil from an oil-containing seed product comprises (a) providing the seed product to a grinder; (b) providing a first liquid comprising a solvent to the grinder; (c) grinding the seed product and the first liquid to yield a slurry; (d) subjecting the slurry to a slurry extraction and slurry separation step to yield a processed seed product and a liquid product comprising seed-oil and solvent; and (e) subjecting the liquid product to an oil separation step to at least partially separate the seed-oil from the solvent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the development of tobacco plants, modified through mutagenesis techniques, interspecific hybridisation followed by poliploidisation and recombinant DNA technologies, characterised by the fact of being capable of producing a very high amount of seeds and their use for the production of oil for energetic and industrial scopes, such as combustion oil, biodiesel and lubricating oil, and for animal and human alimentation.

Abstract: Methods for selective extraction and fractionation of algal lipids and algal products are disclosed. A method of selective removal of products from an algal biomass provides for single and multistep extraction processes which enable efficient separation of algal components. Among these components are neutral lipids synthesized by algae, which are extracted by the methods disclosed herein for the production of renewable fuels.

Abstract: Methods for selective extraction and fractionation of algal lipids and algal products are disclosed. A method of selective removal of products from an algal biomass provides for single and multistep extraction processes which enable efficient separation of algal components. Among these components are neutral lipids synthesized by algae, which are extracted by the methods disclosed herein for the production of renewable fuels.

Abstract: A method of dewatering algae and recycling water therefrom is presented. A method of dewatering a wet algal cell culture includes removing liquid from an algal cell culture to obtain a wet algal biomass having a lower liquid content than the algal cell culture. At least a portion of the liquid removed from the algal cell culture is recycled for use in a different algal cell culture. The method includes adding a water miscible solvent set to the wet algal biomass and waiting an amount of time to permit algal cells of the algal biomass to gather and isolating at least a portion of the gathered algal cells from at least a portion of the solvent set and liquid of the wet algal biomass so that a dewatered algal biomass is generated. The dewatered algal biomass can be used to generated algal products such as biofuels and nutraceuticals.

Abstract: A method for producing biofuels is provided. A method of making biofuels includes dewatering substantially intact algal cells to make an algal biomass, extracting neutral lipids from the algal biomass, and esterifying the neutral lipids with a catalyst in the presence of an alcohol. The method also includes separating a water soluble fraction comprising glycerin from a water insoluble fraction comprising fuel esters and distilling the fuel esters under vacuum to obtain a C16 or shorter fuel esters fraction, a C16 or longer fuel ester fraction, and a residue comprising carotenoids and omega-3 fatty acids. The method further includes hydrogenating and deoxygenating at least one of (i) the C16 or shorter fuel esters to obtain a jet fuel blend stock and (ii) the C16 or longer fuel esters to obtain a diesel blend stock.

Abstract: Methods for selective extraction and fractionation of algal lipids and algal products are disclosed. A method of selective removal of products from an algal biomass provides for single and multistep extraction processes which enable efficient separation of algal components. Among these components are neutral lipids synthesized by algae, which are extracted by the methods disclosed herein for the production of renewable fuels.

Abstract: Methods for selective extraction and fractionation of algal lipids and algal products are disclosed. A method of selective removal of products from an algal biomass provides for single and multistep extraction processes which enable efficient separation of algal components. Among these components are neutral lipids synthesized by algae, which are extracted by the methods disclosed herein for the production of renewable fuels.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to processes for preparing oil compositions having a high concentration of poly-unsaturated fatty acids and oil compositions having a low concentration of ?-linolenic acid. In addition, the present invention is directed to processes for preparing oil compositions having advantageous stability characteristics.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the selective extraction of functionalised fatty acid esters from seeds of oleaginous plants, wherein said method includes: a) at least one step of extracting fatty acid esters that comprises simultaneously feeding into a reactor containing said seeds a light anhydrous alcohol, a basic catalyst and an extraction solvent non-miscible with said light alcohol and in which said functionalised fatty ester is not soluble in order to obtain a mixture of esters and glycerol; b) and at least one step of selectively extracting hydroxylated fatty acid esters by feeding into the reactor said extraction solvent in a backflush direction relative to the light alcohol in order to obtain an alcohol phase enriched with fatty acid esters, a glycerol phase and a cake.

Abstract: The invention may be summarized as follows. The present invention provides insecticides comprised of naturally-occurring compounds, such as, for example, PA1b-related peptides and terpenoid saponins. The present invention also provides for identification and characterization of a synergistic insecticidal effect between peptides and saponins extracted from plants. Furthermore, simplified extraction procedures are provided that avoid the use of a chloroform defatting step or a column chromatography step.

Abstract: A process for purifying a lipid composition having predominantly neutral lipid components having at least one long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid is disclosed. The process employs contacting the lipid composition with a polar solvent, such as acetone, wherein the solvent is selected such that contaminants are less soluble in the solvent than is the long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid. The process is typically conducted at cooler temperatures, including about 0° C. Upon precipitation of the contaminants from the lipid composition, a separation is conducted to remove the precipitated material from the lipid composition. The long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids can include ARA, DPA, EPA, and/or DHA. The process of the present invention effectively winterizes lipid compositions, thereby reducing the tendency of such compositions to become hazy.

Abstract: A method of obtaining a solid component rich in a petroselinic compound from the seed of a plant of the Apiaceae or Araliaceae families, the method comprising: (a) treating a portion of the seed of the plant with an extraction solvent; and (b) inducing formation of the solid component.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for producing refined avocado oil rich in triglycerides. The invention also pertains to refined avocado oil rich in triglycerides obtainable by said process. Advantageously, the refined avocado oil of the invention contains a sterols-enriched unsaponifiable fraction. Advantageously, the refined avocado oil of the invention is substantially free of acetogenins and furanic lipids. The invention also concerns compositions containing said oil. The invention also pertains to such compositions for use as a medication, as a dermatological agent, as a cosmetic agent, or as a nutriceutical, for human or animal use.

Abstract: A process for purifying a lipid composition having predominantly neutral lipid components having at least one long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid is disclosed. The process employs contacting the lipid composition with a polar solvent, such as acetone, wherein the solvent is selected such that contaminants are less soluble in the solvent than is the long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid. The process is typically conducted at cooler temperatures, including about 0° C. Upon precipitation of the contaminants from the lipid composition, a separation is conducted to remove the precipitated material from the lipid composition. The long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids can include ARA, DPA, EPA, and/or DHA. The process of the present invention effectively winterizes lipid compositions, thereby reducing the tendency of such compositions to become hazy.

Abstract: A method for producing a biodiesel fuel product from biological material is disclosed which comprises extracting lipids from the biological material with a pure or alcohol-modified supercritical fluid in an extractor, passing the extract directly into a reactor wherein a transesterification reaction is induced between the extracted lipids and alcohol with additional alcohol added if needed, forming glycerol and fatty acid alkyl esters, passing the mixture into one or more separators to remove the glycerol and fatty acid alkyl ester products, removing wastes, and recycling the critical fluid solvent and unreacted alcohol to the extractor. An improvement to biodiesel preparation is afforded by the simplification of the extraction and reaction processes into a single flowing system. According to the invention, a biodiesel fatty acid alkyl ester product can be prepared directly from biological material feedstock, such as oil-containing seeds, without the need for prior isolation of the oil.

Abstract: The method of the present invention comprises: Obtaining an explant from the seeds of Jatropha curcas; Putting the explant derived from the seed of Jatropha curcas in a culture medium; Breaking the intercellular unions of the explants tissue, which generates individuals cells; Incubating for a determined time the culture medium with the generated individual cells, that were multiplied; and, Extracting oil from the cells that multiplied from the individual cells generated from the explants derived from the Jatropha curcas seed.

Abstract: Improved system and process for separating the initial portion of liquid solvent from spent oleaginous material after the solvent extraction process and prior to the thermal desolventizing process. Solvent laden solids departing the solvent extraction process are subjected to mechanical pressure to squeeze a portion of the liquid solvent through a perforated surface, into a collection hopper. This liquid solvent is subsequently recycled back to the solvent extraction process for liquid clarification and additional oil recovery.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for extracting and separating polar lipids, including phospholipids, from materials containing oil, polar lipid, protein, ash, and/or carbohydrate, such as egg yolks and other phospholipid-containing materials. In particular, methods for extracting phospholipids from phospholipid-containing materials through the use of an aliphatic alcohol and control of temperature are disclosed. Using these methods, phospholipids in the aqueous liquid fraction will be efficiently separated and will precipitate readily, and can be subjected to separation for improved purity.

Abstract: A process for purifying a lipid composition having predominantly neutral lipid components having at least one long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid is disclosed. The process employs contacting the lipid composition with a polar solvent, such as acetone, wherein the solvent is selected such that contaminants are less soluble in the solvent than is the long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid. The process is typically conducted at cooler temperatures, including about 0° C. Upon precipitation of the contaminants from the lipid composition, a separation is conducted to remove the precipitated material from the lipid composition. The long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids can include ARA, DPA, EPA, and/or DHA. The process of the present invention effectively winterizes lipid compositions, thereby reducing the tendency of such compositions to become hazy.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for decreasing the amount of cholesterol in a mixture comprising a marine oil, the marine oil containing the cholesterol, which process comprises the steps of adding a volatile working fluid to the mixture, where the volatile working fluid comprises at least one of a fatty acid ester, a fatty acid amide and a hydrocarbon, and subjecting the mixture with the added volatile working fluid to at least one stripping processing step, in which an amount of cholesterol present in the marine oil in free form is separated from the mixture together with the volatile working fluid. The present invention also relates to a volatile cholesterol decreasing working fluid and a health supplement and a pharmaceutical, based on a marine oil, prepared according to the process mentioned above.

Abstract: It is intended to easily separate saponins from isoflavones extracted from starting soybeans thereby giving highly pure saponins at a high yield on an industrial scale. Saponins can be highly efficiently separated from isoflavones by performing multistage extraction under mild conditions such that malonyl isoflavone glycoside, from among isoflavones contained in the starting soybeans, is not converted into isoflavone glycoside, acetyl isoflavone glycoside or isoflavone aglycon. Thus, highly pure saponins can be obtained at a high yield on an industrial scale.

Abstract: The present invention explains a realistic and effective process for isolating and purifying carotenoids containing higher concentrations of carotenoids such as trans-lutein, trans-zeaxanthin, Cis-lutein, ?-carotene and Cryptoxanthin from Marigold flower petals under controlled conditions leaving no traces of any organic hazardous solvents. The process involves ensilaging Marigold flowers, dehydration, solvent extraction, alkali hydrolysis of carotenoid esters with absolute alcohol, crystallization/purification using water, absolute alcohol mixture followed by filteration and drying until the crystals are considerably free from moisture and absolutely free from residual hazardous solvents. These crystals are suitable for nutraceutical and food products as supplements.

Abstract: The invention describes a method of producing extracts from the seeds of meadowfoam, brassicas and crambe plants. A number of subsidiary processes and steps are shown in order to extract differing fractions of oil. Products produced from the above method are also described including uses and methods of these products which include a variety of skin conditions including eczema, facial eczema, dermatitis, external ulcers, welts, rashes, insect bites, allergic reactions and other irritations, burns, wounds, psoriasis, acneiform eruptions, dryness, dry skin, irritation, skin atrophy, secondary infections and the like. The extracts are also described as being a useful compound for treatment of the symptoms of such skin conditions as described above. In particular the use and extraction of glucosinolate (GSL), thiocyanates (TCL) and isothiocyanates (ITCL) is described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for obtaining natural oils from plant constituents, said method being essentially carried out using compressed C2-C4 hydrocarbons. Residues from the crop and fruit treatment, especially from the treatment of pips and berries, are used as starting materials. Unlike previous extraction methods using organic solvents, the inventive method can be economically carried out on the basis of low pressures and reduced extraction agent throughputs. Preferred extraction agents are ethane, propane, butane and the mixtures thereof, the extraction itself being carried out in batches at pressures of <50 mPa and temperatures of ?70° C., with an extraction agent throughput of between 4 and 20 kg/kg of starting materials. The extracted oils are outstandingly suitable for flavouring preparations and cosmetic formulations, especially for the care and treatment of the skin.

Abstract: A method for concentrating trans-xanthophyll esters from marigold oleoresin, which includes blending the oleoresin with a solvent and a co-solvent of lower alkanols and recovering a precipitate enriched with trans-xanthophyll esters at a temperature of above 22° C. The recovery of the trans-xanthophyll esters is greater when using the alkanol blend than when using only a lower alkanol from the said blend. The said process is most useful using a lower-grade, commercially available oleoresin, thereby helping small producers, who do not have access to higher-grade oleoresin made through backward integration to marigold cultivation and harvest.

Abstract: A method for concentrating trans-lutein esters from marigold oleoresin, which includes blending the oleoresin with a solvent and a co-solvent of lower alkanols and recovering a precipitate enriched with trans-lutein esters at a temperature of above 22° C. The recovery of the trans-lutein esters is greater using the alkanol blend than when using only a lower alkanol in the said blend. The process is most useful using a lower-grade, commercially available oleoresin, thereby helping small producers, who do not have access to higher-grade oleoresin made through backward integration to marigold cultivation and harvest.

Abstract: A method for obtaining an oil fraction and a protein fraction from a vegetable starting substance comprises the steps of: extracting the starting substance which has been reduced in size with alcohol, and separating an alcohol liquid phase from the extracted starting substance; processing the alcohol liquid phase to obtain the oil fraction; avoiding drying of the alcohol wet extracted starting substance directly after the alcohol-extraction; transferring the still alcohol wet extracted starting substance into an aqueous suspension to reduce the alcohol content of the extracted starting substance below 5%; and processing the aqueous suspension to obtain the protein fraction.

Abstract: This invention provides novel antioxidants comprising hydroquinone substituted polyunsaturated fatty acids. Such fatty acids can be obtained from crude kombo butter and are suitable for preventing oxidation of various organic materials. In particular, the invention relates to the use of these fatty acids as antioxidants in the treatment of cancer, the inhibition of proliferation of cells, in lowering levels of cholesterol both in vivo and in vitro and in the treatment of cognitive disorders, including but not limited to Alzheimer's disease.