Abstract: A method of continuously producing in high yield ethyl silicate having a predetermined content of silica by adjusting the flowrate of reactants to the reactor in relation to the temperature of the reaction.

Abstract: Described is a process for exchanging some or all of the radicals R' in alkoxysilane cluster compounds with different radicals R"; this process being based on the following reaction: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen, an alkyl, an alkenyl, and an aryl, or an aralkyl; and each R' is independently selected from the same groups as R with the proviso that at least a majority of said R' radicals are sterically hindered alkyl groups having at least 3 carbon atoms; and each R" is selected from groups consisting of alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, aryl groups, aralkyl groups, functionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl and aralkyl groups, and polyoxyalkylene groups with the proviso that R" radicals are different than R' radicals; and n is a number from 1 to 9.

Abstract: Described is a process for producing alkoxysilane cluster compounds by reacting a trialkoxysilanol with an amidated alkoxysilane cluster compound; this reaction being based on the following equation: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen, an alkyl, an alkenyl, an aryl, or an aralkyl; each R' is independently selected from the same groups as R with the proviso that at least a majority of said R' radicals are sterically hindered alkyl groups having at least 3 carbon atoms; and R" and R"' are individually selected from hydrogen, lower alkyl groups having 1-4 carbon atoms, and phenyl.

Abstract: Described is a process for producing alkoxysilane cluster compounds by reacting a trialkoxysilanol with a triamidosilane; this reaction being based on the following equation: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen, an alkyl, an alkenyl, an aryl, or an aralkyl; each R' is independently selected from the same groups as R with the proviso that at least a majority of said R' radicals are sterically hindered alkyl groups having at least 3 carbon atoms; and R" and R'" are individually selected from hydrogen, lower alkyl groups having 1-4 carbon atoms, and phenyl with the proviso that both R" and R'" may not be hydrogen.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of partial hydrolyzates of orthosilicic acid tetra(alkoxyalkyl) ester having a stable shelf life is described by hydrolysis of a silicic acid tetra(alkoxyalkyl) ester with water, suitably in the presence of an acid and optionally in the presence of a solvent, wherein the stoichiometrically necessary amount of water is present at the commencement of the reaction.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved process for preparing polysiloxanes having hydrocarbon radicals bonded to silicon atoms via oxygen, by reacting a halosilane with an alcohol and water in the presence of the desired polysiloxane, the improvement which comprises continuously introducing into a reactor equipped with a column and possibly a reflux condenser and the desired polysiloxane, an alcohol, water and, if necessary, an acid catalyst which promotes the condensation of Si-bonded condensable groups, in an amount such that the reactor contains at least 5 percent by weight of alcohol and 0.001 to 5 percent by weight of catalyst, based on the weight of the alcohol, catalyst and polysiloxane present in the reactor in which the contents of the reactor are heated to the reflux temperature and the halosilane is introduced into the column at least one meter above the bottom of the column while continuously removing the polysiloxane from the reactor at the same rate as it is formed.

Abstract: An improved method is disclosed for the preparation of trialkoxysilanols. The process involves hydrolysis of corresponding trialkoxyhalosilanes, conducted using a two-phase system in the presence of catalytic amounts of select phase transfer agents.

Abstract: An improved method is disclosed for the preparation of trialkoxysilanols. The process involves hydrolysis of corresponding trialkoxyhalosilanes with solid bicarbonate in the presence of a critical catalytic amount of water.

Abstract: Compositions for protecting materials from growth of pestiferous organisms, and particularly for protecting marine surfaces from fouling organisms, are formed from precursors having the formula ##STR1## where m is from 1 to about 10, where each X is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl and alkoxyalkyl radicals containing less than about 6 carbon atoms and Y, where Y has the formula ##STR2## where R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, and aryl radicals, where R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 contain in combination up to about 18 carbon atoms. The ratio of the tin atoms to silicon atoms in the precursors is at least about 1:50. The precursors can be directly used as an additive for coatings. The precursors can also be used by subjecting them to hydrolysis and polycondensation to form an organotin substituted polysiloxane for use as an additive and a binder for coatings.