Abstract: A composition includes an inorganic particle core and an initiator molecule chemically bonded thereto. The particle core is formed of a material having a dielectric constant of about fifteen or more. The initiator molecule includes a chain having about twenty or fewer carbon atoms and a phosphorous atom chemically bonded to an end of the chain. An alkyl derivative of an aryl moiety terminates another end of the chain.

Abstract: Butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors, their formulation, and their use primarily in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. These inhibitors generally are phosphates, phosphonates, phosphinates, and phosphoramidates. These inhibitors can be incorporated in pharmaceutical compositions and administered to a patient in therapeutically effective amounts to treat neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract: A novel class of compounds to inactivate autotaxin enzymes is provided. Such compounds include mono- and di-fluoromethylphenyl C12-C18 phosphodiesters and exhibit reactivity with autotaxin to ultimately reduce the size of the reactive sites thereon to prevent conversion of lysophosphatidyl choline to lysophophatidic acid. Furthermore, such compounds are non-cytotoxic, and can be incorporated within delivery forms for human ingestion. As such, these compounds accord an excellent manner of potentially reducing generation of certain cancers attributable to the presence of naturally occurring autotaxin within the human body. Methods of producing such novel compounds are encompassed within this invention as well as methods of inactivating autotaxin to certain degrees therewith.

Abstract: A novel class of compounds to inactivate autotaxin enzymes is provided. Such compounds include mono- and di-fluoromethylphenyl C12-C18 phosphodiesters and exhibit reactivity with autotaxin to ultimately reduce the size of the reactive sites thereon to prevent conversion of lysophosphatidyl choline to lysophophatidic acid. Furthermore, such compounds are non-cytotoxic, and can be incorporated within delivery forms for human ingestion. As such, these compounds accord an excellent manner of potentially reducing generation of certain cancers attributable to the presence of naturally occurring autotaxin within the human body. Methods of producing such novel compounds are encompassed within this invention as well as methods of inactivating autotaxin to certain degrees therewith.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of alkyl arylphosphinites of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is (C.sub.1 -C.sub.16)-alkyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, arylwhich can also be substituted by halogen, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)-alkoxy groupsR.sup.2 is aryl which can also be substituted by halogen, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)-alkyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)-alkoxy groups, where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together with the phosphorous atom can also form a ring andR.sup.3 is (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl, which comprises reacting halo(aryl) phosphines of the formula (II) ##STR2## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2 have the meaning given above and X is halogen, with ammonia-containing alcohols of the formula (III)R.sup.3 OH (III)in which R.sup.3 has the meaning given above.

Abstract: Novel naphthyl-substituted .alpha.-amino acid derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions containing the same and a method of using the same, for the blockade of aspartate and glutamate receptors, are described. Novel intermediates of the napthyl-substituted .alpha.-amino acid derivatives are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention discloses pesticidally active compounds of formula (II) ##STR1## or a salt thereof, wherein Q is an monocyclic aromatic ring, or fused bicyclic ring system of which at least one ring is aromatic containing 9 or 10 atoms of which one may be nitrogen and the rest carbon each ring system being optionally substituted, or Q is a dihalovinyl group or a group R.sup.6 --C.tbd.C-- where R.sup.6 is C.sub.1-4 alkyl, tri C.sub.1-4 alkylsilyl, halogen or hydrogen; R.sup.2, R.sup.3 , R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are the same or different with at least one being hydrogen and the others being independently selected from hydrogen, halo, C.sub.1-4 alkyl or C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl; and R.sup.1 is selected from hydrogen and C.sub.1-8 hydrocarbyl optionally substituted by dioxalanyl, halo, cyano, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethylthio or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy and X.sup.1 is hydrogen, fluoro or chloro.

Abstract: Pesticidal S-(halogenoalkyl)-dithiophosphoric (phosphonic) acid esters of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 represents an optionally substituted radical from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkenyloxy and alkinyloxy,R.sup.2 represents an optionally substituted radical from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkinyl and aryl,X and Y are identical or different and independently of one another represent hydrogen, halogen or alkyl, andZ represents hydrogen, halogen or alkyl.

Abstract: Certain phenyl and N-heterocyclic phosphorothioates and phosphonothioates and phosphates are prepared by the reaction of an appropriate alkali metal or alkaline earth metal --0-phenyl or N-heterocyclic compound with an appropriate phosphorochloridate, phosphorochloridothioate, phosphonochloridate or phosphonochloridothioate under alkaline conditions in the presence of a tertiary amine catalyst and a nonionic surfactant having an HLB Value of from about 1 to about 20, preferably about 5 to 15, in a two-phase system, one phase being primarily the phosphorate or phosphonate reactant and a complex thereof with the tertiary amine catalyst and the other phase being an aqueous reaction medium comprising water, a buffer system, and the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal-O-phenyl or --O-N-heterocyclic compound, in the substantial or complete absence of an organic solvent the aqueous reaction medium being maintained at pH about 10 to 12 by the buffer system.

Abstract: Certain phenyl and N-heterocyclic phosphorothioates and phosphates are prepared by the reaction of an appropriate alkali metal or alkaline earth metal -O-phenyl or N-heterocyclic compound with an appropriate phosphorochloridate or phosphorochloridothioate under alkaline conditions in a liquid reaction medium and in the presence of a tertiary amine catalyst and a nonionic surfactant having a HLB Value of from about 2.5 to about 20 or more.

Abstract: Phosphates of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is alkyl of not more than 3 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is alkoxy, alkylthio or alkylamino each of which has a straight-chain or branched alkyl substituent of not more than 5 carbon atoms, Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 independently of one another are each hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy or halogen, and X is O or S, a process for their manufacture, and their use as insecticides and acaricides.