Abstract: The oligomers of the present invention are polyureas, polycarbonates, polyesters or polyamides having a number average molecular weight of <10,000. These oligomers are water-soluble, have a rigid backbone with a predictable anion spacing, and are pharmaceutically-acceptable. The oligomers are useful for the treatment and/or diagnosis of HSV and HCMV.

Abstract: Improved detergent compositions, especially granular detergents, comprising bleach activators which form multiperacids, especially specific monoquaternary substituted bis(peroxycarbonic) acids, upon perhydrolysis are provided.

Abstract: Improved automatic dishwashing detergent compositions, especially granular detergents, comprising bleach activators which form multiperacids, especially specific monoquaternary substituted bis(peroxycarbonic) acids, upon perhydrolysis are provided.

Abstract: Bisphenols are prepared from cyclic monoterpene precursors and high glass transition temperature polymers are prepared from bisphenols. More particularly, substantially pure 4-[1-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4 -methylcyclohexyl]-1-methylethyl] phenol and 4,4'-[1-methyl -4-methylethyl)-1,3-cyclohexandiyl] bisphenol are isolated and high glass transition temperature bisphenol polycarbonates are prepared.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for cleaving polycarbonates into bisphenols and diaryl carbonates by transesterifying with phenols in the presence of catalysts. The process entails isolating bisphenols from the product of the transesterification, and subjecting the remaining mixture which contains phenols and diaryl carbonates to flash distillation. The phenols and diaryl carbonates are distilled off and separated, and the diaryl carbonates are recovered.

Abstract: The present invention provides lubricant oil compositions comprising a polyalkylene glycol carbonate. The lubricant oil compositions are useful for industrial gear oil, automotive gear oil, and lubricant oil for refrigerators, rolling installations and fibers, which are excellent in lubricating properties and detergency. The present invention also relates to lubricant oil compositions which comprise a polyalkylene glycol polycarbonate having mutual solubility with an ozone layer-nondestructive Freon such as Freon R-134a, and which are accordingly especially suited for refrigerators using hydrogenated fluorocarbon as a refrigerant. A polyalkylene glycol carbonate according to the invention comprises a polyoxypropylene group in the molecular chain and an alkyl group and an alkyloxyalkylene group at the molecular terminals.

Abstract: The polycarbonate of the invention is a polycarbonate derived from adducts such as propylene oxide adducts of polyglycerols. The lubricating oil of the invention comprises this polycarbonate, and if necessary, a specific polycarbonate having a --C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O-- group and/or a --CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3)O-- group in its main chain. The lubricating oil of the invention can be used as a lubricating oil for refrigerators such as automotive air-conditioner and electric refrigerator. In particular, the lubricating oil of the invention is suitable as a lubricating oil for refrigerator wherein high-viscosity lubricating oil is used, for example, lubricating oil for automotive rotary air-conditioner, and also suitable as lubricating oil for a refrigerator wherein ozone layer-nondestructive hydrogenated fluorocarbon such as R-134a is used as a refrigerant.

Abstract: A method comprising purifying impure bisphenol-A by fractional melt crystallization in a falling film dynamic crystallizer.

Abstract: A method is provided for depolymerizing scrap aromatic polycarbonate to salvage component monomers by initially effecting aromatic polycarbonate depolymerization by basic phenolysis to produce a mixture having dihydric phenol, and diarylcarbonate. Recovery of the dihydric phenol is effected by distillation of a crystalline dihydric phenol/phenol adduct. Diarylcarbonate is recovered by distillation of the resulting mother liquor after carboxylic acid treatment.

Abstract: The polycarbonates of the present invention include those of sucrose series having a specific cyclic structure, those of oligosaccharide and monosaccharide series other than the sucrose series, those derived from specific saccharides having no cyclic structure, those having a skeletal structure of pentaerythritol, neopentyl glycol or trimethylolmethane, and specific dicarbonates.The lubricating oil and electrical insulating oil of the invention contain the above-mentioned polycarbonates.The polycarbonates of the invention are excellent in compatibility with Freon R-134a (HFC) as well as in lubricating properties, detergency and electrical insulating properties, and are capable of providing lubricating oil for refrigerator, automotive engine oil, automotive gear oil, lubricating oil for rolling and lubricating oil for fiber, especially lubricating oil for which electrical insulating properties are required, and electrical insulating oil.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds containing carbonate groups and carbonyl groups and having the general formula ##STR1## in which R stands for a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl radical, an aryl radical, or a radical R.sup.1, whereR.sup.1 has the following formula ##STR2## in which R.sup.2 to R.sup.6 stand for H, alkyl, OH, O-alkyl, SH, S-alkyl, halogen, N(alkyl).sub.2, or N(alkyl)(aryl) and at least one but not more than three of the radicals R.sup.2 to R.sup.6 stand for a radical of the formula ##STR3## in which A, B and C stand for alkylene, cycloalkylene, oxaalkylene, polyoxaalkylene or arylene, k and l both stand for an integer from 1 to 80, and the end group Z stands for alkyl, aryl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyloxy, or aryl.These compounds are suitable for use as emulsifiers for dispersions.

Abstract: A process for efficiently producing an organic carbonate which comprises reacting an organic hydroxy compound and carbon monoxide in the absence of oxygen and in the presence of a catalyst comprising (a) palladium or a palladium compound, (b) a quinone or an aromatic diol formed by reduction of the quinone or a mixture thereof, and (c) a halogenated onium compound is disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to radiation curable alk-1-enyloxy carbonate reaction products of a polyhydroxylated compound having the formula ROH and a dialk-1-enyloxy carbonate having the formula ##STR1## wherein R is a C.sub.3 to C.sub.50 saturated or unsaturated, linear, branched or cyclic polyhydroxylated hydrocarbon radical optionally substituted with halo, alkoxy, lower alkyl, cyano or nitro;R' is hydrogen or lower alkylB is a linear, branched or cyclic divalent radical having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms and is selected from the group of alkylene, mono- or poly- alkoxylated alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, alkarylene and aralkylene radicals, which radicals are optionally substituted with halo, lower alkyl, cyano, nitro or alkoxy and m has a value of from 1 to 10.

Abstract: Polymerizable carbonate compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein A is an aromatic polycycle, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently hydrogen atom or alkyl, and n is 1, 2 or 3, are disclosed. They are useful as a component of nonemanating, self-curing and heat resistant resin compositions.

Abstract: Detergent additive for liquid fuels, obtained by means of the trans-esterification of a tertiary amine bearing at least two hydroxy functions, with a dialkyl carbonate and a higher aliphatic alcohol, and process for preparing said detergent additive.

Abstract: Radiation-sensitive, ethylenically unsaturated compounds and a process for their preparation. The ethylenically unsaturated organic compounds are of the general formula ##STR1## where R is alkyl, aryl or a radical R.sup.1 andR.sup.1 is a radical ##STR2## where R.sup.2 to R.sup.6 are each H, alkyl, OH, OAlkyl, SH, SAlkyl, halogen, N (Alkyl).sub.2 or N (Alkyl) (Aryl) and at least one but not more than three of the radicals R.sup.2 to R.sup.6 is or are a radical ##STR3## where X is alkylene, cycloalkylene, oxaalkylene or arylene, Y is H or CH.sub.3 -- and Z is O or NY.The novel radiation-sensitive ethylenically unsaturated compounds are suitable for the preparation of polymeric radiation-sensitive compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides lubricant oil compositions comprising polyalkylene glycol polycarbonates. The lubricant oil compositions are useful as industrial gear oils, automotive gear oils, lubricant oils for refrigerators and rolling installations. The lubricant oils exhibit excellent lubricating properties and detergency and also have mutual solubility with an ozone layer nondestructive Freon such as R-134a. The lubricants of the present invention are especially suited for refrigerator systems using a hydrogenated fluorocarbon as a refrigerant.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a novel solvent-free process for preparing amine terminated compounds by reacting a polyfunctional acetoacetic acid ester with either ammonia or an organic compound which contains one or more primary amino groups in the presence of an acidic catalyst selected from the group consisting of (i) boron trifluoride etherate and (ii) organic acids having pKa values of from 0.1 to 0.8.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing urethanes and carbonates from an amine or an alcohol, carbon dioxide and an allyl halide. The amine or alcohol is reacted with carbon dioxide to form the ammonium carbamate or carbonate salt which is then reacted with a palladium tertiary phosphine catalyst complex of an allyl halide. Polymer products can also be prepared utilizing this process or utilizing the resulting urethanes and carbonates under standard polymerization conditions.

Abstract: A process is reported for preparation of quaternary ammonium type carbonate esters which are useful as bleach precursors in detergent compositions. The process involves transesterification of low molecular weight carbonates, e.g. diphenyl carbonate, with amino functionalized alcohols, e.g. dialkylaminoalkanol. Preferably the reaction involves transesterification of diphenylcarbonate with the hydroxyl compound followed by removal of phenol. Subsequent thereto the transesterified ester is quaternized with an alkylating agent. Optionally there may be a sulfonation of phenol ester subsequent to the quaternization reaction.

Abstract: Aromatic and aliphatic-aromatic carbonic acid diesters can be obtained by transesterification of carbonic acid diesters containing aliphatic ester groups if polymeric hydroxystannoxanes are employed as catalysts.

Abstract: Ester polyphenols such as the tris(bisphenol A) ester of trimellitic acid are prepared by the reaction of the corresponding aromatic poly(acyl halide) with a dihydroxyaromatic compound such as bisphenol A. They may be employed in the preparation of branched polycarbonates via chloroformate oligomer compositions.

Abstract: A method for making diphenyl carbonate free of color bodies is provided by reacting an organic hydroxy compound, such as phenol with carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of an effective amount of a palladium catalyst, in the form of a palladium material which is used in combination with a quaternary ammonium salt, an inorganic cocatalyst, such as cobalt diacetate and an organic cocatalyst such as benzophenone or 1,10-phenanthroline. Recycling of catalyst values is also provided.

Abstract: This invention relates to new process for preparing certain optically active purine substituted cyclopentene derivatives and novel intermediates used in this process. In particular, the invention concerns the synthesis of the 1R-cis isomer of carbovir, (1R-cis)-amino-1,9-dihydro-9-[4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]-6H-pur in-6-one, an antiviral agent, and certain intermediates.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for producing a carbonic acid ester by reacting alcohol, carbon monoxide, and oxygen with one another in the presence of a copper compound alone or together with a platinum group metal compound and a reaction accelerator, characterized in that (I) the reaction is carried out in a nitrile compound or amide compound as a solvent, (II) the reaction is carried out in the presence of a reaction accelerator which consists of a quaternary phosphonium halide and a quaternary phosphonium weak acid salt or quaternary phosphonium alkoxide, and/or (III) the reaction is carried out in the presence of a quinoid compound or a compound that changes into a quinoid compound under the reaction conditions.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for preparing amine terminated compounds by reacting a polyfunctional acetoacetic acid ester with either ammonia or an organic compound which contains one or more primary amino groups in the presence of a solvent and an acidic catalyst selected from the group consisting of (i) boron trifuloride etherate and (ii) organic acids having pKa values of from 0.1 to 0.8 with the proviso that if the primary amino group containing compound contains no aromatically bound amino groups, the pKa of said organic acid is from 0.1 to less than 0.7.

Abstract: A polycarbonatediol composition is disclosed having the property of being liquid at room temperature because of its crystallinity being disordered due to random structures, which comprises a mixture of 1,6-hexanediol and polyvalent alcohol having at least one side chain. Accordingly, the disclosed composition has excellent processability in the case of preparing a polyurethane resin, etc.Further disclosed is a polyurethane resin prepared by reaction of an organic diisocyanate compound with the polycarbonatediol composition. The polyurethane resin has excellent properties under low temperature conditions, while retaining high levels of mechanical strength, excellent resistibility under high heat and moisture conditions, etc., thereby maintaining a good balance of properties.

Abstract: Poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl polymers containing two or more acid-terminal moieties are disclosed. Acid-terminal polyahls provided herein are useful as surfactants or as intermediates for the syntheses for other polymers.

Abstract: A polyether polycarbonate block copolymer nonionic surface-active agent and method for making the same. The polyether polycarbonate surface active agent is comprised of a hydrophilic portion comprised of a polymer selected from the group consisting of a polyoxyalkylene polyether, a saccharide, a saccharide polyoxyalkylenate, a polycarbonate having a carbon dioxide content of from about 1 to 15 molar percent and mixtures thereof and a hydrophobic portion comprising alkylene and carbonate units arranged in alternating or random order to form a poly(alkylene carbonate) having a total carbon dioxide content of from about 25 to 50 molar percent and a total molecular weight of from about 300 to 10,000. The hydrophobic portion is bonded to the hydrophilic portion at each side of a reactive hydrogen. The surface active agent is prepared by polymerizing the hydrophilic portion with the hydrophobic portion in a weight ratio of about 10:90 to 90:10.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing linear alpha, omega difunctional molecules by a process which comprises isomerizing olefins having at least one terminal functional group to form a mixture of functionalized olefinic isomers and metathesizing said functionalized olefinic isomers to produce a mixture of difunctional molecules and internal olefins.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for metathesizing an olefin having at least one terminal functional group which comprises contacting said olefin at metathesis conditions with a catalyst comprising: (a) a transition metal selected from tungsten, molybdenum and rhenium, (b) an organometallic compound based on an element selected from aluminum, tin, lead, magnesium and titanium, and (c) an oxophilic agent having a metal-oxygen bond strength greater than the metal-oxygen bond strength of said transition metal.

Abstract: Poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl polymers containing two or more acid-terminal moieties are disclosed. Acid-terminal polyahls provided herein are useful as surfactants or as intermediates for the syntheses of other polymers.

Abstract: Novel acid-functional poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahls and their salts having surfactant activities are disclosed. These polyahls have, on the average, at least about 0.05 and up to about and including one hydrophilic terminus per molecule and can be produced by the reaction of a random non-ionic poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl obtained by reacting a monofunctional alcohol, mercaptan, carboxylic acid, primary or secondary amine, alkyl substituted phenol or alkoxylates thereof with an alkylene carbonate and/or an alkylene oxide and/or carbon dioxide and/or a poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl, and admixing a compound capable of adding an acidic end group thereto. Novel anionic poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahls are also disclosed. Surfactant compositions comprising the acid-functional polyahls of the invention and other non-ionic surfactants are also disclosed. Moreover, surfactant compositions comprising the novel acid-functional polyahls and other anionic surfactants are also disclosed.

Abstract: A polyether polycarbonate block copolymer nonionic surface-active agent and method for making the same. The polyether polycarbonate surface active agent is comprised of a hydrophilic portion comprised of a polymer selected from the group consisting of a polyoxyalkylene polyether, a saccharide, a saccharide polyoxyalkylenate, a polycarbonate having a carbon dioxide content of from about 1 to 15 molar percent and mixtures thereof and a hydrophobic portion comprising alkylene and carbonate units arranged in alternating or random order to form a poly(alkylene carbonate) having a total carbon dioxide content of from about 25 to 50 molar percent and a total molecular weight of from about 300 to 10,000. The hydrophobic portion is bonded to the hydrophilic portion at each side of a reactive hydrogen. The surface active agent is prepared by polymerizing the hydrophilic portion with the hydrophobic portion in a weight ratio of about 10:90 to 90:10.

Abstract: Isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahls comprising the residue of at least one polyahl, at least one isocyanate modifier, poly(alkyleneoxy) units, poly(alkylene carbonate) units, and a plurality of active hydrogen end groups are disclosed. Also disclosed are isocyanate-functional prepolymer compositions of these isocyanate-modifed poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahls, which contain the residue of at least one isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl of this invention and excess organic polyisocyanate units. Urethane/urea polymers formed by the reactions of the isocyanate-functional prepolymers with polyahls are also disclosed. Also disclosed are urethane/urea polymers comprising the residue of at least one isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl of this invention, the residue of a polyisocyanate and the residue of at least one other polyahl selected from the group consisting of polyamines and polyfunctional hydroxyl compounds.

Abstract: Dispirotetradecanes of the formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently of each other alkyl containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms wherein one or more non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may also be replaced by --O--, --CO--, --CO--O--, --O--CO--, --O--COO-- and/or --CH.dbd.CH-- (trans), one of the radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 also being H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO.sub.2, NCS,A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 are each independently of each other trans-1,4-cyclohexylene wherein one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by --O-- and/or --S--, or 1,4-phenylene wherein one or more CH groups may also be replaced by N, with it also being possible optionally for A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 to be substituted laterally or axially by F, Cl, CN, CH.sub.3,Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are each independently of each other --C--O--, --O--CO--, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 O--, --OCH.sub.2 -- or a single bond,m and n are each 0, 1 or 2,(m+n) 0, 1 or 2,X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3 and X.sup.

Abstract: A liquid crystal compound represented by the following general formula (1), which possess a large spontaneous polarization about room temperature and a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal compound represented by the following general formula (1) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents C.sub.6-14 alkyl group, R.sup.2 represents straight or branched alkyl group with or without optically active carbon, X represents a group selected from --OCOO--, --O--, --COO--, --OCO-- or single bond, Y represents a group selected from --COOCH.sub.2 --, --OCO-- or --OCOO--, in which either X or Y is at least --OCOO-- group, m represents 0 or 1, Z represents a chlorine or bromine, a carbon atom marked with * represents optically active carbon atom.

Abstract: Modified polyamines containing carbamates, urethane and/or urea and/or thiourethane groups and having a primary amine content of from 0.1 to 20.2 wt % are produced by (a) mixing an organic isocyanate with a base in the presence of at least one hydrogen-active compound and water and (b) converting the carbamate, urethane and/or urea and/or thiourethane groups to amino groups. The isocyanate starting material has an isocyanate content of from 0.5 to 40 wt. %. The hydrogen-active compound contains a hydroxy and/or amino and/or thiol group. Water is used in a quantity such that one mol of water is present for each isocyanate equivalent. Conversion to form the amino groups is accomplished by treatment with a proton donor and/or thermal decomposition and/or solvent extraction. The polyamines thus-produced are particularly useful in the production of polyurethanes.

Abstract: The invention is a process for increasing the molecular weight of a poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl which comprises exposing the poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl to elevated temperatures at which dialkylene glycol or initiator segments, wherein the initiator has about the same or greater volatility as the dialkylene glycol segment, are abstracted from the poly(alkylene carbonate), polyahl, at a pressure wherein the dialkylene glycol or initiator is volatile, and removing the volatile dialkylene glycol initiator from the mass of the poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl, under conditions such that the molecular weight of the poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl is increased.

Abstract: A viscosity-increased liquid carbon dioxide fracturing fluid is provided for the treatment of subterranean gas-bearing formations. The composition comprises liquid carbon dioxide which has been thickened by the addition of a small amount of a copolymer which is the reaction product of liquid carbon dioxide and an alkene oxide, preferably propylene oxide. The use of the copolymer thickener provides a CO.sub.2 fracturing fluid which may be pumped at a high rate, will not readily boil or foam, will carry a propping agent and will completely degrade within the formation.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of poly(alkylene carbonate) polymer by the reaction of alkylene oxide with carbon dioxide and/or an alkylene carbonate at an elevated temperature and pressure is disclosed. The improvement comprises conducting said reaction in the presence of a catalyst mixture comprising an alkaline catalyst and a stannate compound.

Abstract: Certain novel aryl sulfonyl fluorides, their preparation, and their use in inhibiting serine proteases with chymotrypsin-like and elastase-like specificity.

Abstract: A method is provided for reducing the reflux temperatures of methylene chloride in phosgenation reactions by introducing a second inert vaporizable component to the reaction medium. This second inert vaporizable component has a lower vaporization temperature than the methylene chloride so as to reduce the temperature of vaporization of the mixture. More efficient use of phosgene is obtained when polymerizing aromatic dihydroxy compounds to polycarbonates and higher yields of monomeric and dimeric bischloroformates are obtained.

Abstract: Described are oxobicyclononane derivatives having the generic structure: ##STR1## wherein R represents methyl or ethyl; wherein one of the dashed lines represents a carbon-carbon single bond or a carbon-carbon double bond; wherein N and P each represents 0 or 1 with the proviso that when N represents 1 the dashed line at the "2-3" position is a single bond with the sum of N and P being equal to 1 and uses thereof in augmenting or enhancing the aroma of perfume compositions, perfumed articles and colognes.