Abstract: The present invention relates to hyperbranched polyaspartate esters containing repeating structural units corresponding to the formula I and/or II ##STR1## The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of these hyperbranched polyaspartate esters by self condensing, via a transesterification reaction, at least a portion of the hydroxy and ester groups of the hydroxy aspartates corresponding to the above formula at a temperature of 60.degree. to 240.degree. C. to form hyperbranched polyaspartate esters and eliminating alcohols having the formula R.sub.1 --OH and/or R.sub.2 --OH.

Abstract: It has been found that certain combinations of substituted imidazoline-based amphoterics and quaternary ammonium compounds show markedly reduced irritation profile in addition to providing excellent cleaning detergency. Moreover, it has further been found that certain substituted imidazoline amphoteric surfactants in combination with didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DIDAC) show unexpected synergistic irritation reduction compared to that observed when the quaternary is an ADBAC type. This allows the formulation of disinfectants and sanitizers with the favored antimicrobial agent while at the same time affording the optimum reduction in irritation potential.

Abstract: Certain N-acetonyl-substituted-amides of the formula: ##STR1## wherein A is a heterocycle, a phenylalkyl, a phenylalkoxy, naphthyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, haloalkyl or alkenyl group; X, Y and Z are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, cyano, thiocyano, isothiocyano, methylsulfonyloxy, thio(C.sub.1 -C.sub.2)alkyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.2)alkoxy, carbamoyl, dithiocarbamoyl, hydroxy, azide, trifluoromethylcarboxy, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkylcarbonyloxy, phenylcarbonyloxy, phenoxy, thiophenyl, imidazolyl or triazolyl group as described herein; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl group; and compositions containing these amides are fungicidally active, particularly against phytopathogenic fungi.

Abstract: The L-carnitine ester with gamma-hydroxybutyric acid and its pharmacologically acceptable salts of formula (I) ##STR1## wherein X.sup.- is the anion of a pharmacologically acceptable salt, e.g. chloride, bromide, orotate, acid aspartate, acid citrate, acid phosphate, acid fumarate, lactate, acid maleate, acid oxalate, acid sulfate and glucosephosphate are active in inhibiting neuronal degeneration (as it occurs in Alzheimer's senile dementia and Parkinson's disease) and in the treatment of coma.

Abstract: The esters of acyl L-carnitines with gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in the form of pharmacologically acceptable salts of formula (I) ##STR1## wherein X.sup.- is the anion of a pharmacologically acceptable salt, e.g. chloride, bromide, orotate, acid aspartate, acid citrate, acid phosphate, acid fumarate, lactate, acid maleate, acid oxalate, acid sulfate and glucosephosphate or in the form of inner salts of formula (I') ##STR2## wherein R is a straight or branched acyl group having from 2 to 5 carbon atoms, such as e.g. acetyl, propionyl, n-butyryl, isobutyryl and isovaleryl, are active in inhibiting neuronal degeneration (as it occurs in Alzheimer's senile dementia and Parkinson's disease) and in the treatment of coma.

Abstract: .beta.-lactam compounds which are reacted with a metal alkoxide for preparing N-acyl, N-sulfonyl and phosphoryl substituted isoserine esters.

Abstract: The esters of acyl L-carnitines with gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in the form of pharmacologically acceptable salts of formula (I) ##STR1## wherein X.sup.- is the anion of a pharmacologically acceptable salt, e.g. chloride, bromide, orotate, acid aspartate, acid citrate, acid phosphate, acid fumarate, lactate, acid maleate, acid oxalate, acid sulfate and glucosephosphate or in the form of inner salts of formula (I') ##STR2## wherein R is a straight or branched acyl group having from 2 to 5 carbon atoms, such as e.g. acetyl, propionyl, n,butyryl, isobutyryl and isovaleryl, are active in inhibiting neuronal degeneration (as it occurs in Alzheimer's senile dementia and Parkinson's disease) and in the treatment of coma.

Abstract: Esters of acyl L-carnitines of general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R is a straight or branched acyl group having 2 to 16 carbon atoms, in particular isobutyryl and isovaleryl;n is an integer comprised between 7 and 15, particularly 10; and,X- is the anion of a pharmacologically acceptable acid are endowed with potent antimycotic activity particularly against yeast like fungi, such as Candida albicans, the aetiologic agent of candidiasis and against filamentous fungi, such as Aspergillus fumigatus, the aetiologic agent of aspergillosis. Orally or parenterally administrable or topically applicable pharmaceutical compositions comprise an ester of formula (I) as active ingredient.

Abstract: Esters of acyl L-carnitines of general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R is a straight or branched acyl group having 2 to 16 carbon atoms, in particular isobutyryl and isovaleryl;n is an integer comprised between 7 and 15, particularly 10; and,X.sup.- is the anion of a pharmacologically acceptable acid are endowed with potent antimycotic activity particularly against yeast like fungi, such as Candida albicans, the aetiologic agent of candidiasis and against filamentous fungi, such as Aspergillus fumigatus, the aetiologic agent of aspergillosis.Orally or parenterally administrable or topically applicable pharmaceutical compositions comprise an ester of formula (I) as active ingredient.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel class of immunosuppressive compounds having an affinity for the FK-506 binding protein (FKBP). Once bound to this protein, the immunosuppressive compounds inhibit the prolyl peptidyl cis-trans isomerase (rotamase) activity of the FKBP and inhibit T cell activation. As such, the compounds of this invention can be used as immunosuppressive drugs to prevent or significantly reduce graft rejection in bone marrow and organ transplantations and for use in the treatment of a wide variety of autoimmune diseases in humans and other mammals.

Abstract: Esters of acyl L-carnitines of general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R is a straight or branched acyl group having 2 to 16 carbon atoms, in particular isobutyryl and isovaleryl;n is an integer comprised between 7 and 15, particularly 10; and,X- is the anion of a pharmacologically acceptable acid are endowed with potent antibacterial activity.Pharmaceutical compositions comprising an ester of formula (I) can be utilized in human therapy and in the veterinary field.

Abstract: Substituted 2-aminoalk-3-enoic acid derivative of formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical that is substituted by hydroxy, and R.sub.2 is free or esterified carboxy, and their salts exhibit NMDA-antagonistic properties and are useful as active ingredients of anticonvulsive medicaments.

Abstract: Normally liquid, omega-hydrofluoroalkyl ether compounds (and selected mixtures thereof) have a saturated perfluoroaliphatic chain of carbon atoms interrupted by one or more ether oxygen atoms. The compounds can be prepared, e.g., by decarboxylation of the corresponding fluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids and are useful, e.g., in cleaning and drying applications.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a .alpha.,.omega.-dicarboxylic acid diester of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 denotes hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkenyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkynyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkoxycarbonyl, nitro, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkoxy and/or cyano andn is an integer from 1 to 12,wherein cycloalkanones of the general formula II ##STR2## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and n have the aforementioned meanings, are caused to react with dimethylcarbonate in the presence of a nitrogenous base of the general formula III ##STR3## in which R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8 denote hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl or C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 aralkyl or R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 together form a C.sub.2 -C.sub.7 alkylene chain optionally mono- to penta-substituted by R.sup.1,at temperatures ranging from 50.degree. to 300.degree. C.

Abstract: Catalysts based on rhodium and water-soluble phosphine obtained by using rhodium perchlorate as the precursor rhodim salt. Also, processes for the preparation of these catalysts and to their use are provided.

Abstract: Ester of L-carnitine and alkanoyl L-carnitines with glycolic acid and esters thereof are disclosed, which are formulated into topically applicable pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of dermatoses.

Abstract: The invention concerns 2-aminocarboxylic acids and derivatives of formula ##STR1## processes for their preparation, as well as medicaments containing them for the inhibition of protein kinase C and thus for the prevention and/or treatment of heart and blood vessel diseases, such as thromboses, arterioscleroses, hypertension, of inflammatory processes, allergies, cancers, and certain degenerative damages of the central nervous system.

Abstract: Aminomethylene compounds of the formula ##STR1## may advantageously be prepared by reacting C--H-acidic compounds of the formula ##STR2## with formamide acetals of the formula ##STR3## in which the radicals R.sup.1 to R.sup.6 have the meaning given in the description,if the process is carried out in the presence of a secondary amine of the formula ##STR4## in which R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 have the meaning given in the description.

Abstract: A process for making unsaturated .alpha.-amines from olefins wherein the process includes adding an aminating agent, an olefin and a molybdenum based catalyst to a reaction vessel having a nitrogen atmosphere. The catalyst may be described by the general formula LL'MoO.sub.2, L.sub.2 L'MoO.sub.2, or LL'MoO(X--Y).

Abstract: Fluorinated alkene compounds useful for and methods of controlling nematodes, insects, and acarids that prey on agricultural crops. Polar compounds, for example, 3,4,4-trifluoro-3-butene-1-amine or 3,4,4-trifluoro-3-butenoic acid, are particularly useful for systemic control of pests. Novel method and intermediates for the preparation of 3,4,4-trifluoro-3-butene-1-amine are also provided.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein Q, X and R are as defined below. The compounds of formula I are broad spectrum mammalian antibacterial agents and exhibit favorable selectivity against procaryotic cells.

Abstract: .alpha.-Aminocarboxylic acid derivatives of the formula: ##STR1## where n, X, Y and Z have the meanings stated in the description, and their preparation are described. The compounds are used in a method for improving delivery and reducing toxicity of biologically active substances by encapsulation of the biologically active substance with the above compounds.

Abstract: The invention comprises compositions and methods for the treatment of psoriasis.

Abstract: A process for making unsaturated .alpha.-amines from olefins wherein the process includes adding an aminating agent, an olefin and a molybdenum based catalyst to a reaction vessel having a nitrogen atmosphere. The catalyst may be described by the general formula LL'MoO.sub.2, L.sub.2 L'MoO.sub.2, or LL'MoO(X-Y).

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method for stereoselectively preparing a syn-dihydroxylated compound comprising reacting a 3-hydroxyket-1-one with a borohydride in the presence of titanium derivative.

Abstract: The preparation of magnesium benzyl fluoromalonate and other equivalent materials, the synthetic equivalents of the --CH.sub.2 F moiety, is described. Reaction between these reagents and the in situ-formed imidazolides of various carboxylic acids gives beta-keto-alpha-fluoroesters, which upon hydrogenation and spontaneous decarboxylation yields fluoromethyl ketones in excellent yields. The overall transformation from RCOOH to RCOCH.sub.2 F is thus illustrated.

Abstract: The present application discloses pesticidally active compounds of formula I:QQ.sup.1 CR.sup.1 .dbd.CR.sup.2 CR.sup.3 .dbd.CR.sup.4 C(.dbd.X.sup.1)NR.sup.5 R.sup.6or a salt thereof, wherein Q is an monocyclic aromatic ring, or Q is a dihalovinyl group or a group R.sup.7 --C.dbd.C-- where R.sup.7 is C.sub.1-4 alkyl, tri C.sub.1-4 alkylsilyl, halogen or hydrogen; Q.sup.1 is a 1,2-cyclopropyl ring optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from C.sub.1-3 alkyl, halo, C.sub.1-3 haloalkyl, alkynyl, or cyano; R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are the same or different with at least one being hydrogen and the others being independently selected from hydrogen, halo, C.sub.1-4 alkyl or C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl; X.sup.1 is oxygen or sulphur; R.sup.5 is C.sub.1-8 hydrocarbyl optionally substituted, halo, cyano, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethylthio or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; and R.sup.6 is selected from:(A) --Y.dbd.X.sup.2 --(R.sup.8).sub.a where X.sup.2 is O or S, Y is carbon, R.sup.8 is hydrogen, C.sub.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the preparation of an alpha-aminoketone salt of formula I ##STR1## which comprises reacting a nitrosated keto ester of formula II ##STR2## with a carboxylic anhydride of formula IV ##STR3## under the conditions of catalytic hydrogenation, to a compound of formula III ##STR4## which compound of formula III is then hydrolysed with an acid H.sub.n A to the salt I, in which formulae above R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, phenoxy-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, phenyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.9 phenylalkyl, or phenyl or C.sub.7 -C.sub.9 phenylalkyl which are substituted by halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxy, hydroxy or cyano, R.sub.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or cyclohexyl, n is 1 to 3, R.sub.3 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl and A is the radical of an organic or mineral protic acid.Pyrroles suitable as co-stabilisers for PVC can be prepared from alpha-aminoketone salts of formula I.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel process for the manufacture of 4-acetoxy-3-hydroxyethyl-azetidinone of the formula ##STR1## especially 4(R)-acetoxy-3(R)-(1'(R)-hydroxyethyl)-2-azetidinone, from enantiomerically pure compounds of the formula ##STR2## in which R.sup.1 represents lower alkyl and Z.sup.1 represents amino, arylmethylamino, acylamino or azido, by reduction of the C.dbd.C double bond and optionally of the arylmethylamino or azido group with hydrogen, epimerization, opening of the lactone ring, cyclisation to the .beta.-lactam, optionally after hydrolysis of the acylamino group, and oxidative decarboxylation of the original lactone carboxy group in the presence of an acetate-yielding agent. Compounds of the formula I can be used as starting materials for the manufacture of .beta.-lactam antibiotics. The invention also relates to novel intermediates and starting materials.

Abstract: Substituted 2-aminoalk-3-enoic acid derivative of formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical that is substituted by optionally acylated or aliphatically or araliphatically etherified hydroxy, by halogen, by optionally acylated and/or aliphatically substituted amino or by an aza-, diaza-, azoxa- or oxa-cycloaliphatic radical, or is an oxacycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical bonded via a carbon atom, or is an optionally aliphatically N-substituted or N-acylated azacycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical, and R.sub.2 is free or esterified carboxy, and their salts exhibit NMDA-antagonistic properties and are useful as active ingredients of anticonvulsive medicaments.

Abstract: .alpha.-Fluoro-substituted N-acryloylamino acid derivatives of the formula ##STR1## are used to make polymers optionally for chromatographic resolution of racemates into their enantiomers. The fluorine atom improves performance in many instances.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing mono-condensation derivatives of adipic acid with fewer steps and better purity is disclosed. In particular, this process comprises: (a) forming relatively concentrated and pure cyclic monomeric adipic anhydride by depolymerization and concentration starting from polymeric adipic anhydride; and (b) adding a condensation reactant having an active hydrogen, e.g., a primary or secondary amine, to said cyclic monomeric adipic anhydride to form the corresponding mono-condensation derivative of adipic acid.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an oil-soluble oleaginous composition additive comprising at least one terminally unsaturated ethylene alpha-olefin polymer of from above 20,000 to about 500,000 number average molecular weight substituted with mono- or dicarboxylic acid producing moieties (preferably dicarboxylic acid or anhydride moieties), wherein the terminal unsaturation comprises terminal ethenylidene unsaturation. The mono- and dicarboxylic acid or anhydride substituted polymers of this invention are useful per se as additives to oleaginous compositions such as lubricating oils, and can also be reacted with a nucleophilic reagent, such as amines, alcohols, amino alcohols and reactive metal compounds, to form products which are also useful oleaginous composition additives, e.g., as multifunctional viscosity index improvers.

Abstract: An optically active N-(meth)acryloyl amino acid amide of the formula ##STR1## in which R is hydrogen or methyl,R.sub.1 represents an optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, aryl or heteroaryl radical,R.sub.3 represents hydrogen or denotes together with R.sub.1 a tri- or tetramethylene group;X denotes oxygen or a NR.sub.4 -group wherein R.sub.4 represents hydrogen or alkyl or denotes together with R.sub.2 and the nitrogen atom a 5- to 7-membered ring which ring is optionally substituted by the group COO-alkyl (1-6 carbon atoms) or by one or two alkyl radicals (1-4 carbon atoms) andR.sub.2 denotes a strongly space-filling hydrocarbon radical.The amide is polymerized and optionally bound to a support such as silica, and can then be used for the chromatographic separation of racemic mixtures of pharmacologically active compounds.

Abstract: Novel carbonyl containing compositions are prepared by contacting, in the presence of a free radical initiator, a first compound selected from the group consisting of saturated hydrocarbons, substituted saturated hydrocarbons, polymers and mixtures thereof with a carbonyl containing compound or mixtures thereof having the structure: ##STR1## where X and Y are independently selected from OH, OR.sub.1, NR.sub.1 R.sub.2 and R.sub.1 wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are selected independently from the group consisting of aryl radicals or alkyl radicals of from 1 to 18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel process for the manufacture of (3R,1'R)-4-acyloxy-3-(1'-hydroxyethyl)-2-azetidinones of formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 represents lower alkyl or aryl, by enantioselective reduction of the carbonyl group in a suitable .alpha.-acylaminomethyl-acetoacetic acid ester, cyclisation of the resulting .alpha.-acylaminomethyl-.beta.-hydroxybutyric acid ester to a 5,6-dihydro-1,3,4H-oxazine with inversion of the carbon atom carrying the hydroxy group, equilibration to form the preferred trans-substituted dihydrooxazine, recleaving to form the configuratively uniform .alpha.-aminomethyl-.beta.-hydroxybutyric acid, ring-closure to form the .beta.-lactam and oxidative acylation at C(4) of the .beta.-lactam. Compounds of formula I can be used as starting materials for the manufacture of .beta.-lactam antibiotics. The invention relates also to novel intermediates.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing optically active 3-substituted-2-norbornanones which are useful as starting materials for several kinds of physiologically active materials, and to their intermediates, optically active 2-hydroxy-2-norbornanecarboxylic acid and to a method for producing these intermediates.

Abstract: There are disclosed a novel inositol-1,4,5-triphosphoric acid derivative, inositol-1,3,4-triphosphoric acid derivative, inositol-1,3,4,5-tetraphosphoric acid derivative, and a bonded substance of the same and a protein. They control the metabolic process of an organism concerned with calcium ions to thereby exert a medicinal virtue.

Abstract: Antimicrobial compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of H, an amine protective group, and a moiety of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.2, R.sup.5, and R.sup.6 are independently selected from H and an amine protective group;R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently selected from H, lower alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, CH.sub.2 OR, CH.sub.2 SR or CH(CH.sub.3)OR;R=H, propargyl lower alkyl, arylalkyl or aryl;wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 or R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 can be joined to form a ring; and wherein when R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 or R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are both H, the compound is either in free base form or in salt form.

Abstract: Aminomethylene compounds of the formula ##STR1## can be prepared by reaction of C-H-acid compounds of the formula ##STR2## with salts of the formula ##STR3## in the presence of simple inorganic bases, where the radicals R.sup.1 to R.sup.4, R.sup.7, R.sup.8 and X.sup..crclbar. have the meanings given in the description.

Abstract: The preparation of magnesium benzyl fluoromalonate and other equivalent materials, the synthetic equivalents of the --CH.sub.2 F moiety, is described. Reaction between these reagents and the in situ-formed imidazolides of various carboxylic acids gives beta-keto-alpha-fluoroesters, which upon hydrogenation and spontaneous decarboxylation yields fluoromethyl ketones in excellent yields. The overall transformation from RCOOH to RCOCH.sub.2 F is thus illustrated.

Abstract: An amphipathic compound, which includes a succinic acid moiety and an amino acid moiety and is designed so as to form a stable unilayer liposome, and a negatively charged liposome comprising said amphipathic compound as a membrane-component are disclosed. The amphipathic compound of the present invention gives liposomes which minimize the leakage of a drug encapsulated therein and scarcely undergo association, aggregation or precipitation.

Abstract: Intermediates and a process for the synthesis of 6-monosubstituted tetrahydropteridine C6-stereoisomers, including (6S)-tetrahydrofolic acid. The intermediates are shown in their two enantiomeric forms as follows: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different and represent hydrogen, methyl, hydroxy, amino, alkyl or dialkylamino, alkoxy, benzyloxy, or benzylthio; R.sub.3 represents an alkene, alkyne, cycloalkyl, benzyl, alkyl (substituted with hydroxy, acetoxy, benzyloxy, alkoxy, alkylthio, amino, carboxy, oxo, or phosphate), a protected aldehyde, or ##STR2## wherein n=1 or 2, R.sub.4 is hydrogen, formyl, methyl, or propargyl, and ZZ represents an amino acid or amino acid polymer. Also, a process for tetrahydropteridine N5-formylation for the preparation of, for example, N5-formyl-(6S)-tetrahydrofolic acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a curing component (A) containing active CH groups, which contains at least two groups of the formula (I) ##STR1## or structural units of the formula (I') or (I") ##STR2## in which: A denotes ##STR3## X and Y are identical or different and denote ##STR4## CO.sub.2 R.sup.1, CN, NO.sub.2, CONH.sub.2, CONR.sup.1 H or CONR.sup.1 R.sup.1, where the R.sup.1 radicals may be identical or different and represent a hydrocarbon radical, preferably an alkyl radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, which may also be interrupted by oxygen or an N-alkyl radical, with the proviso that only one of the two radicals X and Y may represent the NO.sub.2 group;A' denotes ##STR5## X' and Y' are identical or different and denote ##STR6## Curable mixtures of (A) and a Michael acceptor (B) and, if appropriate diluents and customary additivies cure rapidly even at low temperatures and are suitable, in particular for surface-coating preparations.

Abstract: Process and intermediates for isopropyl 3S-amino-4-cyclohexyl-2R-hydroxybutyrate and 3S-amino-2R-hydroxy-5-methylhexanoate from R-malic acid. These products are of known utility in the synthesis of certain renin inhibitors.

Abstract: Carboxylic acid derivatives of the formula ##STR1## R.sub.1 is alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulphinyl, alkulsulphonyl, alkylamino, cycloalkyl, or cycloalkoxy or optionally substituted aryl, aryloxy, arylthio, arylsulphinyl, arylsulphonyl or arylamino. R.sub.2 is optionally substituted aryl or, when B is alkylene also a hydrogen atom. A is a straight-chained or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkylene containing 3 to 10 carbon atoms which is optionally interrupted by a heteratom attached to a saturated carbon and has a chain length of at least 3 atoms. Y is S(O).sub.n group or oxygen, n being 0, 1 or 2. B is a valency bond or a straight-chained or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkylene containing 1 to 18 carbon atoms. Physiologically acceptable salts, esters and amides thereof are also included. The compounds are useful in the treatment of metabolic diseases.

Abstract: An emulsifying agent for emulsion polymerization comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of (i) betaine esters of polyoxyalkylene alkyl ethers, (ii) betaine esters of polyoxyalkylene alkylphenyl ethers, (iii) betaine esters of polyoxyalkylene dialkylphenyl ethers, (iv) betaine esters of polyoxyalkylene phenyl ethers having two or more benzene nuclei, and (v) betaine esters of polyoxyalkylene polyol ethers. This emulsifying agent is suitable for use in the emulsion polymerization of polymer emulsions capable of forming a film having an excellent water resistance, transparency, and smoothness.

Abstract: An oligomer of the structure: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, lower alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or hydroxyalkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are the same or different radicals selected from hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or one of R.sub.2 and one of R.sub.3 radicals joined together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form cycloalkyl; R.sub.5 is hydrogen or methyl; R.sub.6 is alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5 to 6 carbon atoms and hydroxyalkyl of 2 to 6 carbon atoms. The oligomers can be used as reactive components with other materials containing co-reactive functional groups selected from hydroxyl, carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid anhydride and isocyanate. Reactive compositions can be formed which are useful as resinous film formers in coating applications which can be cured without the generation of formaldehyde.

Abstract: Cardioactive dihydropyridines of the formula ##STR1## in which Y is ##STR2## A is H or CH.sub.3, B is --NH, --NH--CO--, --NH--CS--, --NH--COO--, --NH--SO.sub.2 --or --NH--CO--NH-- or --NH--CS--NH--, andR.sup.13 and R.sup.14 each independently is H or an organic radical,and salts thereof. The Y can be hydrolyzed off. The other radicals on the dihydropyridine moiety can also be varied.

Abstract: Novel fluorinated, acrylamide monomers are prepared from 2-alkenyl azlactones reacted with fluorinated alcohols. The novel monomers have the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.6 are independently hydrogen or methyl;R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently can be an alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl group, or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 taken together with the carbon to which they are joined can form a carbocyclic ring containing 4 to 12 ring atoms;R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl;a is 0 or 1;b is 1 or 2;X is a single bond, CH.sub.2, CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2, and CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 ; andR.sub.F is a substantially perfluorinated alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl group when b is 1 and perfluorinated alkylene when b is 2.Novel polymers and copolymers can be prepared from the monomers of the invention.