Abstract: The present invention discloses a Double Metal Cyanide (DMC) catalyst(s) useful for the production of polyether polyols (PEPO) and a less energy intensive room temperature method for the synthesis thereof. The catalyst(s) comprises of a DMC complex, an organic complexing agent, i.e., ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and other co-complexing organic agents, e.g., t-BuOH, PEPO of composition ranging from about 1 to 10 wt %, wherein the average molecular weight of PEPO used ranged from 200 to 1000. A method of preparing a series of DMC catalyst(s) at room temperature with varying compositional ratios of the complexing and co-complexing agents targeting a wide range of PEPO of varying kinematic viscosity range is also disclosed. These DMC catalyst(s) are amorphous, highly active, and easily separable from product PEPO with recyclability/recoverability, making the product PEPO better industrially applicable and DMC catalyst more cost-effective.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a (meth)acrylic anhydride A-C(?O)—O—(O?)C-A, comprising the following steps: a) a step of reacting an anhydride B—C(?O)—O—(O?)C—B with an acid A-COOH, resulting in the formation of mixed anhydride A-C(?O)—O—(O?)C—B and acid B—COOH; and b) a step of reacting the mixed anhydride with A-COOH, resulting in the (meth)acrylic anhydride. According to the invention, reaction steps (a) and (b) are carried out in the presence of hydrated triflic acid, and the anhydride A-C(?O)—O—(O?)C-A is isolated from the reaction medium produced in step (b) as follows: e1) heavy compounds having a volatility less than or equal to that of the anhydride A-C(?O)—O—(O?)C-A are separated from the reaction medium, said compounds including the anhydride and the hydrated triflic acid; e2) the anhydride is separated from the heavy compounds by difference in volatility.

Abstract: The present teachings are directed at 1,1-disubstituted alkene monomers (e.g., methylene beta-diketone monomers), methods for producing the same, and compositions and products formed therefrom. In the method for producing the monomer, a beta-diketone is preferably reacted with a source of formaldehyde in a modified Knoevenagel reaction optionally in the presence of an acidic or basic catalyst, and optionally in the presence of an acidic or non-acidic solvent, to form reaction complex. The reaction complex may be an oligomeric complex. The reaction complex is subjected to vaporization in order to isolate the monomer. The monomer(s) may be employed in compositions and products, including monomer-based products (e.g., inks, adhesives, coatings, sealants or reactive molding) and polymer-based products (e.g., fibers, films, sheets, medical polymers, composite polymers and surfactants).

Abstract: Novel improved processes for the production and isolation of methylidene malonates via direct and indirect adduct processes.

Abstract: An improvement in the production of methylidene malonates is attained by use of specific reaction phase and/or separation phase polymerization inhibitors and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for refining glyceride oil by size exclusion chromatography to obtain a triglyceride enriched fraction. The process comprises passing a glyceride oil through a size exclusion column packed with porous particles having a mass weighted mean particle size of 20 to 1,000 ?m and an average pore size of 10 to 150 A without using any solvent and collecting an eluate fraction enriched in triglyceride. The process may further comprise passing a solvent through the size exclusion column after the eluate fraction enriched in triglyceride is collected to obtain a partial glyceride enriched fraction. The process can suitably be used to produce triglyceride enriched fraction having a triglyceride content that is close to 100%.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved methods for the chemical synthesis of methylene malonates using the Knovenagel synthesis reaction. The method of the invention provides for improved methylene malonates by significantly reducing or eliminating the formation of alternative and/or deleterious side products, significantly reducing or eliminating unwanted consumption of methylene malonates, and significantly reducing or eliminating the degradation of methylene malonates. These advantages result in methylene malonates, which upon recovery, are of higher quality, greater purity, improved yield and possess overall improved performance characteristics (e.g., improved cure speed, retention of cure speed, improved shelf-life and/or stability).

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for preparing 1-palmitoyl-3-acetylglycerol in high purity and high yield without a purification process using a column chromatography, and a method for preparing 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetylglycerol in high purity and high yield using the same as a key intermediate. The method for preparing 1-palmitoyl-3-acetyl glycerol comprises the steps of: forming a reaction mixture including 1-palmitoyl-3-acetyl glycerol of the Formula 1 in the specification by reacting 1-palmitoylglycerol of the Formula 2 in the specification and an acetylating agent; and separating the optically active 1-palmitoyl-3-acetylglycerol by crystallizing the reaction mixture in a saturated hydrocarbon solvent having 5 to 7 carbon atoms.

Abstract: By using protonic acids, diesters of dicarbonic acid may be stabilized against thermal and chemical decomposition over a relatively long period. Mixtures of diesters of dicarbonic acid and protonic acids are outstandingly suitable for preserving foods.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved methods for the chemical synthesis of methylene malonates using the Knovenagel synthesis reaction. The method of the invention provides for improved methylene malonates by significantly reducing or eliminating the formation of alternative and/or deleterious side products, significantly reducing or eliminating unwanted consumption of methylene malonates, and significantly reducing or eliminating the degradation of methylene malonates. These advantages result in methylene malonates, which upon recovery, are of higher quality, greater purity, improved yield and possess overall improved performance characteristics (e.g., improved cure speed, retention of cure speed, improved shelf-life and/or stability).

Abstract: By using protonic acids, diesters of dicarbonic acid may be stabilized against thermal and chemical decomposition over a relatively long period. Mixtures of diesters of dicarbonic acid and protonic acids are outstandingly suitable for preserving foods.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing polyol esters by reacting polyols with linear or branched aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having 3 to 20 carbon atoms in the presence of an adsorbent and subsequent steam treatment in the course of workup of the crude ester.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of an ester in a reactor, a device, a process for the preparation of a thermoplastic composition comprising the ester prepared according to the invention, a process for the production of a shaped article comprising the ester according to the invention or the thermoplastic composition according to the invention, a process for the production of a packed product, a process for the production of an at least partly coated object, and uses of the esters according to the invention as an additive in various compositions.

Abstract: An improvement in the production of methylidene malonates is attained by use of specific reaction phase and/or separation phase polymerization inhibitors and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A process is disclosed which employs hydrogenation and esterification to form alkyl diesters. The process subjects an unrefined or otherwise not purified composition comprising maleic anhydride production residue to the processes of hydrogenation and esterification and forming diesters at high conversion efficiency.

Abstract: A method of producing an alkyl ester of a carboxylic acid is provided, the method comprising: adding an alkanol and a mineral acid to a carboxylic acid salt to provide a carboxylic acid/alkanol solution and a precipitated mineral acid salt; separating the mineral acid salt from the carboxylic acid/alkanol solution; esterifying the carboxylic acid; and isolating an alkyl ester of the carboxylic acid.

Abstract: Provided is a curable composition for imprints excellent in pattern transferability. Disclosed is a curable composition for imprints comprising a polymerizable monomer (A) and a polymerization initiator (B), which is substantially free from a polymer which contains at least one species of the polymerizable monomer (A) as a repeating unit.

Abstract: The present invention provides a means for the rapid selection of optimum resolving agents and solvents, combinations and conditions to separate optical isomers. The present invention combinedly describes and automates a full lifecycle of chiral separation method development and optimization through a series of kits and procedures providing screening, automation for screening, racemate recovery, enantiomer preparation, and method optimization.

Abstract: A dividing wall column is described which includes the following segments: a) an upper column region (1), b) an enrichment section (2) of the feed section, c) a stripping section (4) of the feed section, d) an upper part (3) of the offtake section, e) a lower part (5) of the offtake section, f) an intermediate region (9) of the feed section, g) an intermediate region (10) of the offtake section and h) a lower column region (6). The dividing wall column has a dividing wall (7) is located vertically between the segments b) (2) and d) (3) and between the segments c) (4) and e) (5). The segments b) (2), d) (3), c) (4) and e) (5) have separation-active internals, Segment b (2) has a cross-sectional area Ab which is at least 10% smaller than the cross-sectional area Ad of segment d) (3), and segment c) has a cross-sectional area Ac which is at least 10% greater than the cross-sectional area Ae of segment e) (5).

Abstract: A method for efficiently producing 4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl)-2-oxobutanoic acid, useful as a production intermediate of herbicide L-AMPB. The method comprises using a compound represented by the below formula (4): (4) where R1 represents a C1-4 alkyl group, arylmethyl group, or substituted arylmethyl group.

Abstract: A process is disclosed which employs hydrogenation and esterification to form alkyl diesters. The process subjects an unrefined or otherwise not purified composition comprising maleic anhydride production residue to the processes of hydrogenation and esterification and forming diesters at high conversion efficiency.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the fractionation of knotwood extract, which has been obtained by extraction of knotwood with a hydrophilic solvent. The hydrophilic extract is extracted with a lipophilic solvent to remove lipophilic impurities. The invention also relates to the use of a liquid-liquid extraction for the purification of hydrophilic knotwood extract. The present process provides a purified knotwood extract, which contains more than 90% lignans, flavonoids and stilbenes and less than 10% impurities selected from resin acids, fatty acids, sterols, juvabiones, triglycerides and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A process for isolating a compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof, where X and R1 are as defined in the specification, from a mixture containing it, and the corresponding diacid and dihydroxy derivative, said process comprising (i) adding to an organic solution containing said compounds, water and a one or more salts, all of which are bases selected from a carbonate or hydrogen carbonate base, (ii) separating the aqueous phase containing the compound of formula (II) from the organic phase containing the compounds of formula (I) and (III); then (iii) recovering the compound of formula (I) from remaining organic phase. The process provides for efficient isolation of the target compound, even on a large scale.

Abstract: An improvement in the production of methylidene malonates is attained by use of specific reaction phase and/or separation phase polymerization inhibitors and combinations thereof.

Abstract: An improvement in the production of methylidene malonates is attained by use of specific reaction phase and/or separation phase polymerization inhibitors and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Novel improved processes for the production and isolation of methylidene malonates via direct and indirect adduct processes.

Abstract: Provided are processes for making, and processes for using triglycerides as plasticizers. Mixed triglyceride plasticizers can be produced by recovery of linear or branched C4 to C13 aldehydes from a hydroformylation product, oxidation to the acid with oxygen and/or air, recovery of the resulting acid, and esterification with a crude glycerol, wherein the total carbon number of the triester groups is from 20 to 25 for greater than or equal to 45 wt % of the plasticizer. The product selectivity obtained from esterifying with crude glycerol is comparable to that of esterifying with pure glycerol. Such plasticizers can be phthalate-free and provide outstanding properties including a suitable melting or glass transition or pour point, low volatility, increased compatibility, and excellent low temperature properties in a range of polymeric resins.

Abstract: Triglyceride PVC plasticizers can be produced by recovery of C5 to C10 aldehydes having low average levels of branching from a hydroformylation product, oxidizing the aldehydes with oxygen and/or air to form an acid, recovery of the resulting acid, and esterification with glycerol. Plasticizer compositions including such products or linear triglycerides combined with a secondary plasticizer and articles made therefrom are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to aminoalkyl substituted fumarates and there use as malodor neutralizers.

Abstract: Biodiesel is used to extract glycerides from biomass derived sources and the extractant containing biodiesel and glycerides is subjected to ester-forming conditions including the presence of lower alkanol to produce biodiesel, a portion of which is used for the extraction of glycerides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for preparing alkyl polycarboxylates from an aqueous solution of an ammonium salt of the polycarboxylic acid by reactive distillation, and to a process for hydrogenating the alkyl carboxylates prepared in this way.

Abstract: Process for removal of the esterification catalyst by separation from a crude plasticizer ester obtained by reacting a dicarboxylic acid with C8–C13 alcohols, by treating the crude ester with an aqueous alkali solution in the range from 10 to 100° C. and then separating the aqueous alkaline phase comprising the hydrolyzed esterification catalyst by gravitational phase separation, by treating the crude ester, prior to or during the phase separation, with a salt of a di- or polyvalent metal, or with a mixture of these salts.

Abstract: Process for modifying the relative ratios of the components of a liquid starting mixture of specific diastereoisomers, containing at least two asymmetric carbon atoms comprising contacting said liquid mixture with a Lewis acid compound capable of co-ordinating a compound having at least two Lewis basic functionalities and subjecting the resulting mixture to conditions such that a reaction product, having a molar ratio between its diastereoisomeric components different from the corresponding molar ratio in the said liquid starting mixture, becomes separated from the said liquid mixture, said process being carried out using an amount of said Lewis acid not enough to co-ordinate the total amount of the diastereoisomeric components of the liquid starting mixture. This method shows an excellent balance of efficiency and easiness of procedure that cannot be reached with the physical methods of diastereoisomers separation known in the art.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for recovering and producing C4-C6 dicarboxylates from an alkaline waste solution generated in a caprolactam preparation process, in which the alkaline waste solution is treated with sulfuric acid to separate into an aqueous phase and an organic phase, allowing valuable substances contained in the organic phase to be firstly oxidized and converted into dicarboxylic acids. The dicarboxylic acids then undergo concentration, esterification and distillation processes, so as to obtain desirable C4-C6 dicarboxylates with high purity. This therefore provides an efficient and improved method for effectively recovering most valuable substances from the alkaline waste solution, so that economic benefits in recovery are greatly raised.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new microbial process for the preparation of the compound formula (I) 1

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the conversion of an extracted carboxylic acid to a non-ionized derivative thereof, comprising contacting a carboxylic acid containing aqueous solution with a water-insoluble amine solvent, to recover acid therefrom and to form an extract carrying amine-bound carboxylic acid, characterized in that said extract is contacted with a concentrated aqueous solution of said same acid of high concentration, whereby additional acid is transferred to said extract to form a loaded extract and said loaded extract is reacted to form a non-ionized derivative of said acid, by reactions known per se, whereby said acid is converted into a non-ionised derivative form and said amine solvent is liberated for recycling.

Abstract: A process for preparing potassium monoethyl malonate by selective saponification of malonic acid diethyl ester with potassium hydroxide, in which the potassium hydroxide is added to the malonic acid diethyl ester, malonic acid diethyl ester and potassium hydroxide are used in a molar ratio of at least 1.5 and the potassium hydroxide is effectively distributed into the malonic acid diethyl ester.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for recovering and producing C4-C6 dicarboxylates from an alkaline waste solution generated in a caprolactam preparation process, in which the alkaline waste solution is treated with sulfuric acid to separate into an aqueous phase and an organic phase, allowing valuable substances contained in the organic phase to be firstly oxidized and converted into dicarboxylic acids. The dicarboxylic acids then undergo concentration, esterification and distillation processes, so as to obtain desirable C4-C6 dicarboxylates with high purity. This therefore provides an efficient and improved method for effectively recovering most valuable substances from the alkaline waste solution, so that economic benefits in recovery are greatly raised.

Abstract: A novel process for recovering a compound from a fermentation broth that includes the stages of forming an enriched solution of the compound by extraction, obtaining a salt of the compound from the enriched solution, purifying a salt of the compound and trans-salifying the salt of the compound to a metal salt of the compound is disclosed.

Abstract: A hydroquinone diester derivative represented by the formula (1): wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different, each representing an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group is crystallized from a reaction mixture containing the hydroquinone diester derivative, and the resulting product in crystallized form is washed. A solvent for the crystallization is composed of an organic carboxylic acid and water, and the crystallized product is washed with warm or hot water of 40° C. or above. In the formula (1), R1 and R2 are C1-4alkyl groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing alkali metal salts of malonic monoalkyl esters by selective saponification of malonic dialkyl esters using a basic alkali metal compound which comprises preparing from the malonic dialkyl ester and an alkali metal alkoxide, in a first stage, a CH-acid alkali metal salt of the malonic dialkyl ester and hydrolyzing this in a second stage by the action of water.

Abstract: Hexanediol is prepared by hydrogenating dialkyl adipates or mixtures which contain a dialkyl adipate as the essential component and organic halogen compounds as impurities, by a process in which, before the hydrogenation, the dialkyl adipates or the mixtures containing dialkyl adipates are passed at from 50 to 250° C. and from 1 to 100 bar over copper catalysts which have a copper content, calculated as CuO, of from 0.5 to 80% by weight, a surface area of from 5 to 1500 m2/g, a porosity of from 0.05 to 1.5 cm3/g and a copper surface area of from 0.1 to 20 m2/g, in order to remove the organic halogen compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition and procedure for manipulating the behavior of the orange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana. More importantly, this invention relates to the preparation and use of 2,7-nonanediyl dibutyrate or stereoisomers thereof for manipulating the behavior of S. mosellana.

Abstract: A distillation procedure is provided for the separation of impurities from organic materials such as glycols and glycol ethers whereby a liquid stripping component is interfaced into a distillation column with or below the organic material introduction, heat being provided by a reboiler, the stripping component and impurities being removed overhead.

Abstract: A process for preparing malonic diesters by carbonylation of haloacetic esters and reaction with monohydric alcohols and a base in the presence of a transition metal catalyst, preferably a catalytic cobalt carbonyl complex, using a stirred reactor with one or more internal heat exchangers. The stirred reactor preferably contains a sparging stirrer.

Abstract: A process for preparing potassium monoethyl malonate by selective saponification of malonic acid diethyl ester with potassium hydroxide, in which the potassium hydroxide is added to the malonic acid diethyl ester, malonic acid diethyl ester and potassium hydroxide are used in a molar ratio of at least 1.5 and the potassium hydroxide is effectively distributed into the malonic acid diethyl ester.

Abstract: Synthesis of a vinyl terminated polymer by reacting a cationically polymerizable monomer in the form of a cyclic ether with an acid chloride in a suitable solvent and in the presence of a Lewis acid. The vinyl-terminated polymers can be polymerized with other appropriate monomers resulting in thermoplastic elastomers having suitable properties for use as binders for explosives and propellants.

Abstract: An ester compound, for example, carbonic acid ester or succinic acid ester, is produced by catalytically reacting, in gas phase, carbon monoxide with a nitrous acid ester and optionally an olefin in the presence of a catalyst and in the presence of a chlorine-containing substance, bringing the reaction product-containing mixed gas into contact with a solid catalyst such as activated carbon or inorganic oxide to reduce the content of the chlorine-containing substance, cool-condensing the resultant mixed gas, and collecting the target ester compound from the condensed liquid.

Abstract: An improved method for the selective oxidation of alkyl-5-valerate to monomethyl adipate (e.g., methyl-5-valerate to monomethyl adipate). By performing the air oxidation at high pressure (i.e.,>10 bars air and preferably 35 to 65 bars) and relatively moderate temperature (i.e., 20 to 120.degree. C.) in the absence of a catalyst, commercial rates of conversion can be sustained at optimum selectivity to the desired product. Such a high pressure process is particularly amenable to continuous operating the oxidation reactor at optimum selectivity at the expense of conversion per pass followed by product separation and recycle of reactants.

Abstract: An improved method for recovering purified diesters of polytetramethylene ethers involving the polymerization of tetrahydrofuran (THF) optionally with one or more comonomers (e.g., 3-methyl THF, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, or the like) utilizing a solid acid catalyst (e.g., Nafion.RTM.) and a carboxylic acid with carboxylic acid anhydride (e.g., acetic acid with acetic anhydride) as molecular weight control agents wherein after polymerization product recovery involves bulk flashing of unreacted THF and stripping of remaining THF, carboxylic acid and carboxylic acid anhydride (e.g., acetic acid and acetic anhydride) by use of superheated THF. Such a process is useful in producing high purity commercial grade PTMEA that advantageously avoids problems associated with the presence of high boilers when converting to PTMEG.